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"[ABSTRAKTesis ini membandingkan efektivitas losio permetrin 5% dengan losio heksaklorosikloheksan 0,5% dalam pengobatan pedikulosis kapitis. Uji klinis tidak acak dan tidak tersamar dilakukan terhadap 138 siswipada sebuah pesantren di Jakarta tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas losio permetrin 5% pada hari ke-7 sebesar 73,9% dan losio heksaklorosikloheksan 0,5% sebesar 60,9%. Efektivitas losio permetrin 5% pada hari ke-14 sebesar 97,1% dan losio heksaklorosikloheksan 0,5% sebesar 88,4%. Efektivitas pengobatan pada hari ke-7 dan hari ke-14 secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna. Walaupun efektivitas kedua obat tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik, namun secara klinis terdapat perbedaan angka kesembuhan kedua obat sebesar 8,7% pada hari ke-14. Selain itu,waktu penggunaan losio permetrin yang singkat selama 10 menit akan meningkatkan kepatuhan penderita pedikulosis kapitis.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis compare the effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin lotion and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane lotion againsts pediculosis capitis. Analytical non-randomized nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in an Islamic boarding school in Jakarta 2015. The results showed that on day-7, 5% permethrin lotion has 73,9% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 60,9% cure rate. On day-14, 5% permethrin lotion has 97,1% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 88,4%. The cure rate on day-7 and on day-14 statistically not significant. Even thought the result was not statistically significant, but clinicallythere are 8,7% cure rate difference between those two drugs. The short application of permethrin 5% will result in greater compliance of pediculosis capitis patient. ;This thesis compare the effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin lotion and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane lotion againsts pediculosis capitis. Analytical non-randomized nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in an Islamic boarding school in Jakarta 2015. The results showed that on day-7, 5% permethrin lotion has 73,9% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 60,9% cure rate. On day-14, 5% permethrin lotion has 97,1% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 88,4%. The cure rate on day-7 and on day-14 statistically not significant. Even thought the result was not statistically significant, but clinicallythere are 8,7% cure rate difference between those two drugs. The short application of permethrin 5% will result in greater compliance of pediculosis capitis patient. , This thesis compare the effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin lotion and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane lotion againsts pediculosis capitis. Analytical non-randomized nonblinded clinical trial was conducted in an Islamic boarding school in Jakarta 2015. The results showed that on day-7, 5% permethrin lotion has 73,9% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 60,9% cure rate. On day-14, 5% permethrin lotion has 97,1% cure rate and 0,5% hexachlorocyclohexane has 88,4%. The cure rate on day-7 and on day-14 statistically not significant. Even thought the result was not statistically significant, but clinicallythere are 8,7% cure rate difference between those two drugs. The short application of permethrin 5% will result in greater compliance of pediculosis capitis patient. ]"

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit peradangan menahun unit pilosebasea yang bersifat swasirna, ditandai dengan lesi pleomorfik berupa papul, komedo, pustul, dan nodul. Pengobatan AV memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Penyakit menahun dengan waktu pengobatan yang lama, berdampak terhadap kepatuhan pasien. Kepatuhan pengobatan topikal lebih rendah daripada sistemik. Hanya akne vulgaris ringan (AVR) yang diterapi menggunakan obat-obatan topikal saja. Layanan pesan singkat merupakan salah satu cara yang praktis dan efisien dalam upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan AV, dengan pertimbangan prevalensi AV lebih banyak pada usia remaja dan dewasa muda yang merupakan pengguna terbanyak layanan tersebut. Dengan layanan ini, diharapkan pasien tidak lupa menggunakan obat topikal pada AVR. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan pesan singkat elektronik terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan AVR.Metode: Studi eksperimen dengan desain randomized controlled trial (RCT) terhadap pasien AVR usia 15-25 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin (IKKK) Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Penelitian ini melibatkan 2 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok intervensi yang mendapat pesan singkat elektronik dan kelompok kontrol. Kedua kelompok diberi pengobatan tretinoin krim 0,05% dan/atau klindamisin gel 1,2% selama 6 minggu.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kepatuhan pengobatan AVR kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi pada minggu kedua (p=0,376) dan keempat (p=0,432). Namun pada minggu keenam, kelompok intervensi secara bermakna lebih patuh daripada kelompok kontrol (p=0,032).Kesimpulan: Pesan singkat elektronik meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan AVR terutama pada minggu keenam di Poliklinik IKKK RSCM.

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ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesions consist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires a long duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapy usually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower than systemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic text messaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence to AV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens and young adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service. With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messaging to improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AV patients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the control group. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin 1,2% gel for six weeks.Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapy between both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). The intervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the control group in the sixth week (p = 0.032).Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.;Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.;Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital., Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pruritus adalah keluhan subyektif terbanyak yang membuat pasien datang ke poliklinik kulit, dan dua pertiga di antaranya adalah pruritus kronik. Kuesioner 5-D Itch Scale 5DIS adalah alat pengukuran pruritus kronik yang memenuhi berbagai aspek alat pengukuran pruritus sesuai rekomendasi International Forum for the Study of Itch IFSI . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner 5DIS berbahasa Indonesia untuk menilai keluhan pruritus kronik di Indonesia.Metode: Naskah 5DIS asli berbahasa Inggris diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia sesuai dengan pedoman adaptasi lintas budaya dari International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ISPOR . Tiga set kuesioner, yaitu skala gatal 5 dimensi, Dermatology Life Quality Index DLQI , dan Visual Analogue Scale VAS diberikan kepada pasien pruritus kronik di poliklinik IKKK RSUPNCM. Reliabilitas diuji menggunakan Cronbach a. Validitas konvergen dan konkuren diuji menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan Spearman.Hasil: Adaptasi lintas budaya 5DIS menghasilkan sebuah naskah skala gatal 5 dimensi. Ketiga set kuesioner diisi dengan lengkap oleh 34 orang. Rentang usia subjek penelitian SP adalah 18 hingga 83 tahun, dengan rerata usia 56,7 15,7 tahun. Nilai Cronbach a 0,679 untuk kelima ranah skala gatal 5 dimensi menunjukkan tingkat reliabilitas yang dapat diterima. Hasil uji validitas konvergen didapatkan korelasi yang kuat dan bermakna antara skor butir-butir dan skor total skala gatal 5 dimensi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi adalah 0,636-0,760. Hasil uji validitas konkuren didapatkan korelasi yang kuat dan bermakna antara skala gatal 5 dimensi dengan kuesioner DLQI dan skala VAS.Kesimpulan: Skala gatal 5 dimensi merupakan alat pengukuran yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai keluhan pruritus kronik pada pasien dewasa dan lansia di Indonesia.Kata kunci: pruritus kronik, pengukuran, 5-D itch scale, skala gatal 5 dimensi, validitas, reliabilitas

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ABSTRACTBackground Pruritus is a major subjective complaint in dermatology clinic, two thirds of them are chronic pruritus. International Forum for the Study of Itch recommends 5 D Itch Scale 5DIS as a multidimensional measurement tools for chronic pruritus assessment. The objective of this study is to test the validity and reliability of 5DIS in Indonesian language for chronic pruritus symptoms in Indonesia.Method The original 5DIS was translated into Indonesian language using cross cultural adaptation guideline from International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research ISPOR . Three sets of questionnaire 5DIS in Indonesian language, Dermatology Life Quality Index DLQI , and Visual Analogue Scale VAS , were administered to chronic pruritus patients in dermatovenereology clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Reliability was tested using Cronbach rsquo s a. Convergent and concurrent validity was tested using Pearson correlation and Spearman rsquo s rho.Result Cross cultural adaptation resulted a 5DIS in Indonesian language. All questionnaires were completed by 34 people between 18 to 83 years old mean 56.7 15.7 years old . Cronbach rsquo s a for five domains of 5DIS was 0,679. There was significant strong correlation between items scores and total scores of 5DIS r 0.636 to 0.760 . There was significant strong correlation between 5DIS in Indonesian language and DLQI, also between 5DIS in Indonesian language and VAS.Conclusion 5DIS in Indonesian language is a valid and reliable instrument to assess chronic pruritus symptoms on adult and geriatric patients in Indonesia.Keywords chronic pruritus, measurement, 5 D itch scale in Indonesian language, validity, reliability "

"Latar belakang: Melasma merupakan kelainan hiperpigmentasi didapat yangdisebabkan disfungsi melanogenesis, berupa makula coklat kehitaman simetris,terutama mengenai area wajah. Patogenesis melasma belum diketahui dengan jelas,beberapa faktor yang diduga berperan, di antaranya disfungsi tiroid dan defisiensi seng.Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar seng serum pada pasien melasma dan nonmelasma dengandan tanpa disfungsi tiroid.Metode: Sebuah penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Jakarta padaSeptember-Desember 2019. Terdapat 60 pasien melasma dan 60 pasien nonmelasma.Kedua kelompok dilakukan matching usia dan jenis kelamin. Atomic absorptionspectrophotometry digunakan untuk mengukur kadar seng serum. Laboratorium darahuntuk memeriksa fungsi tiroid (TSH dan FT4). Analisis statistik menggunakan softwareSPSS.Hasil: Rerata kadar seng serum pada kelompok melasma 10,25±1,89 μmol/L dannonmelasma adalah 10,29±1,46 μmol/L (p <0,901). Rerata kadar seng serum padapasien melasma dengan disfungsi tiroid 8,77±0,69, melasma tanpa disfungsi tiroid10,33±1,89, nonmelasma dengan disfungsi tiroid 10,48±2,4, dan nonmelasma tanpadisfungsi tiroid 10,27±1,4 (p <0,184).Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kadar seng serum padakelompok melasma dan nonmelasma dengan dan tanpa disfungsi tiroid.

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Background: Melasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation disorder, clinically as

asymmetrical blackish brown macules, especially on the facial area. Several factors are

thought to play a role, including thyroid dysfunction and zinc deficiency.

Objective: To determine serum zinc levels in melasma and non-melasma patients with

and without thyroid dysfunction.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta in September-December

2019. There were 60 melasma patients and 60 non-melasma patients. The two groups

were matched for age and sex. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to

measure serum zinc levels. Blood laboratory was used to check thyroid function (TSH

and FT4). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software.

Results: The mean serum zinc level in the melasma group was 10.25 ± 1.89 μmol / L

and non-melasma was 10.29 ± 1.46 μmol / L (p <0.901). The mean serum zinc level in

melasma patients with thyroid dysfunction was 8.77 ± 0.69, melasma without thyroid

dysfunction 10.33 ± 1.89, non-melasma with thyroid dysfunction 10.48 ± 2.4, and nonmelasma

without thyroid dysfunction 10.27 ± 1.4 (p <0.184).

Conclusions: There was no significant difference between serum zinc levels in the

melasma and non-melasma groups with and without thyroid dysfunction."

"Latar belakang : Pruritus kronis adalah sensasi tidak menyenangkan yang mencetuskan keinginan untuk menggaruk, berlangsung enam minggu atau lebih. Pruritus sering dihubungkan dengan sejumlah kelainan sistemik. Salah satu kelainan sistemik tersering yang disertai pruritus kronis adalah kelainan hati hepatobilier kolestasis. Patofisiologi terjadinya pruritus kolestasis dihubungkan dengan peningkatan akumulasi mediator pruritogenik salah satunya yaitu asam empedu serum total (AEST) di darah perifer begitu juga di jaringan lunak termasuk kulit, yang secara normal diekskresikan ke empedu. Masih sedikit yang mengetahui kemungkinan peran peningkatan kadar AEST dengan kejadian pruritus. Tujuan : mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar AEST pada pasien geriatri tanpa dermatosis primer yang mengalami pruritus kronis dan tanpa pruritus kronis Metode : penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang, dengan subyek penelitian sejumlah 80 orang, terdiri atas perempuan dan laki-laki usia ≥ 60 tahun. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok pruritus terdiri atas 40 pasien pruritus kronis, dan kelompok kontrol yang terdiri atas 40 pasien tanpa pruritus kronis. Kadar AEST dinilai menggunakan metode enzimatik kolorimetri, kemudian dianalisis perbedaan kadar AEST antar kedua kelompok. Hasil: kadar AEST pada kelompok pruritus didapatkan median 4,5 μmol/L, dengan nilai minimum-maksimum yaitu 3-51 μmol/L. Kadar AEST pada kelompok non-pruritus didapatkan median empat μmol/L, dengan nilai minimum-maksimum 3-22 μmol/L, perbedaan ini tidak bermakna (p = 0,095). Kesimpulan: Kadar AEST pada kelompok pruritus lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-pruritus, namun tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Background : Chronic pruritus is defined as an unpleasant sensation of the skin leading to the desire to scratch, which lasting six weeks or more. Pruritus is associated with numerous systemic disorders, and it is a common symptom of any cholestatic hepatobiliary disease. Its pathophysiology is attributed to progressive accumulation of pruritogenic mediators such as bile acid in the peripheral blood as well as in soft tissues including the skin, which are normally excreted into the bile. Little is known about the potential contribution of elevated total serum bile acids (TSBA) levels to pruritus.

Objective : to differentiate TSBA levels in geriatrics patients with chronic pruritus and without chronic pruritus.

Methods : this is a cross-sectional study comprising 80 patients men and women aged ≥ 60 years old, consist of 40 patients in chronic pruritic group, and 40 patients in non-pruritic group. The serum levels of bile acid were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods, and the level TSBA were analyzed from the two groups.

Results : TSBA levels were detected higher in chronic pruritic group patients (median 4,5 μmol/L, minimum-maximum range 3-51 μmol/L), than in the non-pruritic group (median 4 μmol/L, range 3-22 μmol/L), the difference was insignificant (p = 0,095).

Conclusions : the serum bile acid levels are elevated in chronic pruritic patients but statistically insignificant."

"Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann's classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann's classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Pioderma superfisialis (PS) masih menjadi masalahkesehatan di Indonesia dengan jumlah kunjungan yang masih tinggi di PoliklinikKulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (PKK-RSCM). Saat inipengobatan topikal lini pertama adalah asam fusidat 2% sedangkan penggunaanmupirosin 2% dibatasi. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu memperlihatkan resistensiterhadap asam fusidat 2% dan mupirosin 2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmembandingkan efektivitas mupirosin 2% dengan asam fusidat 2% terhadapkesembuhan klinis PS di PKK-RSCM.Metode: Uji klinis acak buta ganda dilakukan terhadap 42 pasien PS usia 12-59tahun di PKK-RSCM. Setelah pemeriksaan bakteriologis, setiap subjekmendapatkan satu jenis krim antibiotik untuk dioleskan selama tujuh hari. Evaluasiklinis didasarkan pada pengurangan luas lesi dan skala nyeri. Pemeriksaan biakandan resistensi dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik UniversitasIndonesia.Hasil: Efektivitas krim mupirosin (kelompok M) adalah 83,3% dan krim asamfusidat (kelompok AF) 40% (p=0,048), sedangkan persentase penurunan luas lesikelompok M sebesar 83,5% dan kelompok AF 60,7% (p=0,041). Tidak ditemukanefek samping subjektif maupun objektif pada kedua kelompok. Pada biakan kuman,54,8% sampel ditemukan 2 jenis kuman, jenis terbanyak adalah S.aureus danS.pyogenes. Sebagian besar S.aureus (78,8%, 75,8%) dan S.pyogenes (50%,94,4%)memiliki kepekaan intermediet terhadap mupirosin 2% dan asam fusidat 2%.Kesimpulan: Krim mupirosin 2% lebih efektif daripada krim asam fusidat 2%terhadap PS.Kata kunci: mupirosin 2%, asam fusidat 2%, kesembuhan klinis, luas lesi, skalanyeri

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ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Superficial pyodermas (SP) are common healthproblem in Indonesia with high incidence in the Dermatovenereology OutpatientClinic Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (DV-CMH). Current guidelines endorses2% fusidic acid as the first line topical therapy, while 2% mupirocin is reserved forcertain condition. Past studies demonstrated increasing resistance to 2% fusidic acidand 2% mupirocin. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of 2% mupirocinand 2% fusidic acid in SP treatment in our institution.Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 42 SPpatients aged 12-59 years old in DV-CMH. Following bacteriologic examination,each subject received a random antibiotic cream for seven days. Clinical evaluationwas determined by reduction of lesion size and pain scale. Bacteriologic culture andsusceptibility test were performed in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Universityof Indonesia.Results: The effectiveness in 2% mupirocin group (M) was 83,3% and in 2%fusidic acid group (FA) 40% (p=0,048). Lesion size decrease was 83.5% in M groupand 60.7% in FA group (p=0,041). No side effects were observed in both treatmentgroups. At the bacteria culture , 54.8 % of the samples found two types of bacteria,most types are S.aureus and S.pyogenes. Most of S.aureus (78,8%, 75,8%) andS.pyogenes (50%,94,4%) have an intermediate susceptibility to 2 % mupirocin and2% fusidic acid.Conclusion: The 2% mupirocin cream was more effective than 2% fusidic acidcream in SP treatment.Keywords: 2% mupirocin, 2% fusidic acid, clinical cure, lesion size, pain scale"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Skabies merupakan salah satu penyakit kulit yang paling sering ditemui di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Ukuran tungau Sarcoptes scabiei sangat kecil sehingga tidak dapat dilihat dengan kasat mata. Diagnosis definitif skabies adalah dengan identifikasi mikroskopis tungau, telur, atau feses tungau. Dermoskopi merupakan alat yang sangat bermanfaat dalam menegakkan diagnosis skabies, namun masih dibutuhan kajian mengenai akurasi dermoskopi di Indonesia terkait kelebihan dan kekurangan untuk penegakan diagnosis skabiesTujuan: Mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan dermoskopi pada penegakan diagnosis skabiesMetode: Subjek penelitian adalah santri di Pondok Pesantren di Citeurerup, Bogor. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, tahap pertama dilakukan uji inter-rater untuk memastikan peneliti kompeten dalam melakukan pemeriksaan dermoskopi. Tahap kedua menggunakan desain penelitian uji diagnostik potong lintang. Tahap kedua dilakukan satu minggu setelah tahap pertama dengan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif.Hasil: Pada uji inter-rater antara peneliti dan Spesialis Kulit dan Kelamin SpKK pada 32 subjek penelitian SP didapatkan nilai kappa 0,5. Pada penelitian tahap ke-dua didaptkan hasil spesifisitas dermoskopi sangat baik 90,48 sedangkan sensitivitasnya rendah 44,29 . Nilai duga positif dermoskopi sangat baik 93,94 namun nilai duga negatifnya rendah 32,76 . Rasio kemungkinan positif dermoskopi adalah 4,65 IK 95 1,612-13,42 dan rasio kemungkinan negatif adalah 0,6158 IK 95 0,5793-0,6546 Simpulan: Dermoskopi dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu pilihan alat yang baik dalam menegakkan diagnosis. Bila pada dermoskopi ditemukan gambaran a jet with contrail, diagnosis dapat langsung ditegakkan, namun bila tidak, perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan konfirmasi lainnya.

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ABSTRACTScabies occurs worldwide and can affect everyone. Scabies is one of the most common skin diseases in developing countries such as Indonesia. The size of the Sarcoptes scabiei mite is too small to be seen by the naked eye. The definitive diagnosis of scabies is by microscopic identification of mites, eggs, or scybala. Dermoscopy is a very useful tool in diagnosing scabies. Although there are few advantages and disadvantages to be considered in using dermoscopy to diagnose scabiesObjective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of dermoscopic examination in diagnosis of scabiesMethods The study design is using. Research subjects are students of Pondok Pesantren Al Hidayah. The research is divided into two stages, the initial stage is done inter rater test to ensure the researcher is competent in conducting dermoscopy examination. The second stage is a cross sectional diagnostic test with a consecutive sampling.The second stage is done one week after the first stage.Results The inter rater test between the researcher and dermatovenereologist with 32 subjects result in Kappa 0,5. Second stage with 95 subjects shows the specificity of dermoscopy is very good 90.48 while the sensitivity is low 44.29 . The dermoscopic positive predictive value was very good 93.94 but the negative predictive value is low 32.76 . Positive likelihood ratio of dermoscopy is 4,65 CI 95 1,612 13,42 and negative likelihood ratio of dermoscopy is 0,6158 CI 95 0,5793 0,6546 Conclusion Dermoscopy can be used as a good tool for diagnosis of scabies. If the dermoscopy shows a jet with contrail appearance, patient can be treated directly, but if its not found, examination should be followed by other diagnostic methods."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit inflamasi kronik yang ditandai adanya lesi polimorfik di area predileksi AV. Tatalaksana AV terdiri dari terapi standar dan terapi adjuvan. Salah satu terapi adjuvan yang selalu diberikan pada pasien AV adalah frekuensi cuci wajah AV. Sampai saat ini, rekomendasi frekuensi cuci wajah pasien dengan AV di negara tropis adalah berdasarkan rekomendasi umun dan pendapat ahli. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas frekuensi cuci wajah sebagai terapi adjuvan pada akne vulgaris derajat ringan dan sedang. Metode: Uji klinis acak buta tunggal dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa AV di Klinik UI Makara pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2018. Mahasiswa yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan tidak memenuhui kriteria penolakan serta bersedia ikut dalam penelitian mendapat perlakuan berupa frekuensi cuci wajah 2 kali dan 3 kali per hari sesuai hasil randomisasi. Seluruh SP memperoleh terapi standar dan pembersih wajah yang sama. Jumlah lesi AV, kadar sebum, nilai TEWL, serta efek samping pada wajah SP akan dinilai selama 6 minggu dan evaluasi dilakukan pada minggu ke-3 dan minggu ke-6. Analisis hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan metode intention to treat. Hasil: Diperoleh total 36 subjek penelitian. Pada penelitin ini terdapat 1 SP drop out yaitu SP pada kelompok cuci wajah 2 kali per hari. Efektivitas frekuensi cuci wajah 3 kali per hari tidak berbeda bermakna dengan 2 kali per hari dalam penurunan jumlah lesi AV dengan median 23 (0-62) dibandingkan 20 (0-37), p = 0,341. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara frekuensi cuci wajah 3 kali dibandingkan 2 kali per hari dalam hal penurunan kadar sebum, peningkatan nilai TEWL dan efek samping yang terjadi. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas frekuensi cuci wajah 3 kali per hari dibandingkan 2 kali per hari sebagai terapi adjuvan dalam hal penurunan jumlah lesi AV pada wajah mahasiswa AVR dan AVS yang mendapat terapi standar.

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Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by polymorphic lesions in the predilection area. Management of AV consists of standard therapy and adjunctive therapy. One of the adjunctive therapies that must be given to AV patients is the frequency of face washing. Recently, the recommendation of face washing frequency for AV patients in tropical countries is based on the general recommendation and expert opinion. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of face washing frequency as an adjuvant therapy on mild and moderate AV. Methods: A single blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on AV students at UI Makara Clinic from May to June 2018. Students who met the criteria of acceptance and did not meet the criteria of rejection and were willing to join the study were treated 2 and 3 times per day according to randomization. All participants were given standard therapy and same cleanser. AV lesions counts, sebum level, TEWL scores, and side effects on participant face would be assessed within six weeks by evaluating at week-3 and week-6. The analysis of study result was done by intention-to-treat method. Result: The total of 36 participants was recruited. In this study, there was 1 participant dropped out from the twice-per-day face washing group. There was no significant difference from the thrice-per-day and twice-per-day groups in terms of decreasing of total AV lesions with median 23 (0-62) versus 20 (0-37), p = 0,341. In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of decreasing sebum level, increasing of TEWL score, and adverse events. Conclusion: There was no difference in effectiveness of face washing frequency 3 times per day compared to 2 times per day with regard to decrease AV lesions in the face of mild and moderate AV students receiving standard therapy. "

"Dermatitis seboroik (DS) merupakan penyakit inflamasi kulit kronis pada area yang banyak mengandung kelenjar sebasea, terutama area skalp, yang ditandai plak eritematosa dan skuama. Lipid darah diduga dapat memengaruhi derajat keparahan DS. Penelitian sebelumnya di berbagai negara tentang kadar lipid darah pada pasien DS menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data kadar profil lipid darah pasien DS pada skalp serta melakukan analisis korelasi kadar profil lipid darah dengan derajat keparahan DS pada skalp. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong-lintang. Tiga puluh pasien DS pada skalp usia 18–59 tahun yang memenuhi kriterian penerimaan dan penolakan direkrut dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian derajat keparahan penyakit menggunakan skor modifikasi Seborrheic Dermatitis Area Severity Index (SDASI) dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar lipid darah yang mencakup kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), dan high-density lipoproteins(HDL). Median kadar trigliserida adalah 83 mg/dL, rerata kadar kolesterol total adalah 175,53 mg/dL, rerata kadar LDL adalah 114,77 mg/dL, dan median kadar HDL adalah 45,50 mg/dL. Berdasarkan analisis Pearson, tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar trigliserida dengan derajat keparahan DS pada skalp (r=0,291; p=0,119). Terdapat korelasi positif kuat yang bermakna antara kadar kolesterol total dengan derajat keparahan DS pada skalp (r=0,860; p<0,001).Terdapat korelasi positif sangat kuat yang bermakna antara kadar LDL dengan derajat keparahan DS pada skalp (r=0,980; p<0,001). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar HDL dengan derajat keparahan DS pada skalp (r=-0,068; p=0,723).

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Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in sebaceous glands rich area, especially the scalp area, which is characterized by erythematous plaques and scales. Blood lipids are thought to affect the severity of SD. Previous studies in various countries about blood lipid levels in SD patients showed varying results. This study aims to know the levels of blood lipid profile in patients suffering scalp SD, also to analyze its correlation with the severity of scalp SD. This is an analytic-descriptive cross-sectional study. Thirty scalp SD patients age 18–59 years old who meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Assessment of the disease severity using modified Seborrheic Dermatitis Area Severity Index (SDASI) score and measurements of blood lipid levels which include triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels were performed. Median triglyceride level was 83 mg/dL, mean total cholesterol level was 175.53 mg/dL, mean LDL level was 114.77 mg/dL, and median HDL was 45.50 mg/dL. Based on Pearson analysis, there was no correlations between triglyceride levels and scalp SD severity (r=0.291; p=0.119). There was a significant strong positive correlation between total cholesterol levels and scalp SD severity (r=0.860; p<0.001). There was a significant very strong positive correlation between LDL levels and scalp SD severity (r=0.980; p<0.001). There was no correlations between HDL levels and scalp SD severity (r=-0.068; p=0.723)."