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"Perjanjian sewa menyewa tanah dan bangunan merupakan salah satu perjanjian sewa menyewa yang banyak dilakukan di masyarakat, dikaitkan dengan penerapan asas horizontal, dimungkinkan tanah dan bangunan diatasnya dipunyai oleh pemegang hak yang berbeda, pemegang hak atas bangunan dapat menyewa tanah empunya sei pemegang hak atas tanah agar dapat mendirikan bangunan diatas tanah si pemegang hak atas tanah. penulisan tesis mengambil judul "Penerapan Asas Pemisahan Horizontal Dalam Sengketa Tanah (Kajian Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 625/K/Pdt?2009)" dimana dalam kasus tersebut perjanjian sewa menyewa yang dilakukan oleh pemegang hak atas tanah dengan pemilik bangunan yang berada diatas tanah tersebut tidak diakui oleh ahli waris dari pemberi sewa sehingga timbul sengketa.

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Rental agreement of land and buildings is one of rental agreement is mostly done in the community, associated with the application of the principle of horizontal separation, land and buildings owned by different rights holders, building owner can lease the land from the land right holders to establish buildings. This thesis titled " The Application of principle of horizontal separation in land disputes (Judicial study of supreme court decision against no. 625 K/Pdt/2009)" where in this case, a dispute arises because the lease agreement by land rights holder with the building rights holder is not recognized by heirs of the land owned."

"Tanah merupakan salah satu bagian dari kebutuhan hidup manusia yang mendasar. Penguasaan tanah termasuk bangunannya dalam hal kepemilikan hak atas tanah merupakan kesatuan yang penting. Hal ini disebabkan karena sistem hukum tanah nasional yang menganut asas permisahan horizontal. Sehingga mengenai kepemilikan tanah dan bangunan di atas tanah dapat saja terjadi perbedaan hak kepemilikan. Tesis ini membahas perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik hak atas bangunan yang berdiri diatas hak atas tanah milik pihak lain dan upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemilik bangunan untuk menggunakan tanah milik pihak lain. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan tipologi eksplanatoris. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah walaupun tanah tersebut jelas adalah milik Tergugat I dan Tergugat II (sebagai pemilik tanah), Penggugat (sebagai pemilik bangunan) tidak dapat diusir begitu saja dari bangunan tersebut, dan bahwa jual beli maupun peralihan kepemilikan atas suatu benda, termasuk tanah, tidak memutuskan sewa menyewa. Sehingga dengan dijualnya barang yang disewa (dalam hal ini adalah tanah), suatu perjanjian hak sewaan tanah yang dibuat sebelumnya, tidaklah diputuskan (hapus) kecuali ini telah diperjanjikan pada waktu menyewakan barang. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemilik bangunan untuk menggunakan tanah milik pihak lain adalah dengan perjanjian sewa-menyewa atau Hak Pakai. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa pihak pemilik bangunan sebaiknya segera mengurus bukti otentik dari penguasaan tanahnya agar memiliki alas hak yang sah dan bagi Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dan pihak lain yang ingin membeli sebidang tanah sebaiknya memeriksa dahulu mengenai keadaan fisik dari tanah tersebut.

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Land is one part of the basic needs of human life. Mastery of land including the buildings in terms of ownership of land rights is an essential unity. This is because the national land law system which adheres to the principle of horizontal stratification, Because of that, the ownership of land itself and the building on the land itself may belong to different parties with different rights.

This thesis discusses the legal protection for owner/s of the building that stands on land rights and the efforts that may be done by building owners in using land that owned by another party. The study was a qualitative study with explanatory typology.

The conclusion is that although the land clearly belonged to first defendant and second defendant, plaintiff simply can not be evicted from the building, and if there is any transaction that may affects change the ownership of a property, including land shall not ending the agreement between first defendant and second defendant eventually. So with the hired object sold (in this case is the land itself), an agreement about land rental rights that produced previously is not remove unless it has been agreed at the time the agreement was provoked. Efforts that can be done by building owners to use land owned by another party is to create a treaty of lease or Right to Use.

The results suggest that the building owner should immediately take care of authentic evidence of mastery of the land in order to have a legitimate title and the public notary PPAT and others who want to buy a land should doing some research in advance about the physical condition of the land."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai asas pemisahan horizontal dalam pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah di Indonesia serta pengaruhnya terhadap hak pemilik permukaan tanah yang juga dilihat dari dasar pertimbangan Mahkamah Agung dalam memutus sengketa yang berkaitan dengan hal ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian adalah pemanfaatan ruang bawah tanah di Indonesia saat ini belum ada peraturan yang mengatur khusus dan sebagai akibat dari berlakunya asas pemisahan horizontal maka dimungkinkan adanya pembedaan kepemilikan antara permukaan tanah dengan ruang di bawah tanahnya, dengan tidak merugikan hak pemilik permukaan tanah karena apabila hal tersebut dilakukan maka akan termasuk ke dalam perbuatan melawan hukum.

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This thesis discusses about the horizontal separation principle in the use of the space beneath The Earth’s Surface in Indonesia and its influence on the owner of the surface rights of the land, which is also seen from the consideration of the Supreme Court Decision relating to this. The method used is juridicial normative. The result of this research is by this time, the use of the beneath The Earth’s Surface in Indonesia has no specific regulations and as a result of the horizontal separation principle of makes it possible if the ownership between the surface of the land with space under the ground be divided, with no prejudice to the surface of the land owner’s right as if it made it will be included in the tort."

"ABSTRAKPerjanjian sewa tanah seringkali menimbulkan konflik manakala seorang penyewatanah menyatakan dirinya sebagai pemilik bangunan yang berdiri diatasnya. Demikianhalnya hubungan sewa menyewa rumah dengan Surat Ijin Perumahan yangmenimbulkan sengketa oleh karena baik pihak yang menyewakan maupun pihakpenyewa mengaku sebagai pemilik bangunan rumah tinggal. Hal ini mengakibatkanmasing-masing pihak mengalihkan bangunan rumah tinggal dan hak sewa atas tanahnyakepada pihak lain, yang berujung pada diajukannya sengketa tersebut ke pengadilan.Permasalahan hukum tersebut menjadi ketertarikan bagi penulis untuk membahasnyadalam tesis ini dengan judul Analisis Yuridis Sengketa Rumah Dengan Surat IjinPerumahan Yang Didirikan Diatas Sewa Tanah Eks Kotapraja Jakarta (Studi KasusPutusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2437 K/PDT/2009).

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ABSTRACTThe Land Leasing Agreement often creates conflicts whenever one party claimingas the owner of the building built there on. The same thing occurs with the houseleasing and the housing license which create a conflict between the leasee andlessor who claim as the owner of the house building. This issue leads into eachparty to transfer the rights over the house building and lhe leasing right over theland to other party, which eventually the issue is now being submitted to the court.These legal isuues are interesting for the writer to be discussed and elaboratedmore in the Thesis, with title :“ Legal Analysis on The Dispute of Housing with Housing License Built on TheLand Leasing Ex Jakarta Regency”(Case Study of Supreme Court Decision No. 2437 K/PDT/2009."

"[ABSTRAKHukum kesehatan merupakan cabang ilmu yang masih tergolong muda di Indonesia. Hukum kesehatan yang baru berkembang ini berbanding terbalik dengan banyaknya sorotan terhadap hukum kesehatan, khususnya kepada dokter spesialis anestesi dalam melakukan tindakan operasi. Seorang dokter spesialis anestesi melakukan peran yang sangat penting di kamar operasi, tidak hanya membuat pasien tertidur, tetapi juga harus membuat keputusan untuk melindungi dan menjaga fungsi-fungsi vital dari organ pasien sehingga dapat berjalan dengan baik. Dokter spesialis anestesi juga bertugas untuk mendiagnosa dan menangani masalah yang mungkin timbul selama operasi atau pada masa pemulihan dalam perspektif keselamatan pasien secara umum. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya dokter spesialis anestesi harus berpedoman terhadap standar dan prosedur, karena dalam melakukan anestesi diharuskan untuk tidak melakukan kesalahan maupun kelalaian. Penulisan ini membahas tentang tinjauan tanggung jawab dokter spesialis anestesi dalam tindakan operasi. Luasnya aspek hukum yang terdapat dalam hubungan dokter dan pasien membuat penulis membatasi pembahasan penulisan ini hanya mengenai aspek hukum kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTHealth law is considered a new branch of law in Indonesia. The developing health law are inversely proportional to vast attention given to health law, especially to anesthetic specialist?s in surgical operation. Anesthetic specialist?s do important role in operation room, not only make patient sleep, but also take a decision to keep and protect the function of organ patient and also have a duty to diagnose and manage a problem that maybe will any during surgical operation or period dignification in perspective safety patient in general. Anesthetic specialist?s must orientation with standart and procedure, because when anesthesia doing, doctor?s shouldn?t do negligence or fault. The purpose of this writing is to knowing the responsibility of anesthetic specialist?s in surgical operation. The wide range of legal aspect in relationship within doctor and patient, require the writer to limit the writing of this paper only in term of health law.;Health law is considered a new branch of law in Indonesia. The developing health law are inversely proportional to vast attention given to health law, especially to anesthetic specialist’s in surgical operation. Anesthetic specialist’s do important role in operation room, not only make patient sleep, but also take a decision to keep and protect the function of organ patient and also have a duty to diagnose and manage a problem that maybe will any during surgical operation or period dignification in perspective safety patient in general. Anesthetic specialist’s must orientation with standart and procedure, because when anesthesia doing, doctor’s shouldn’t do negligence or fault. The purpose of this writing is to knowing the responsibility of anesthetic specialist’s in surgical operation. The wide range of legal aspect in relationship within doctor and patient, require the writer to limit the writing of this paper only in term of health law., Health law is considered a new branch of law in Indonesia. The developing health law are inversely proportional to vast attention given to health law, especially to anesthetic specialist’s in surgical operation. Anesthetic specialist’s do important role in operation room, not only make patient sleep, but also take a decision to keep and protect the function of organ patient and also have a duty to diagnose and manage a problem that maybe will any during surgical operation or period dignification in perspective safety patient in general. Anesthetic specialist’s must orientation with standart and procedure, because when anesthesia doing, doctor’s shouldn’t do negligence or fault. The purpose of this writing is to knowing the responsibility of anesthetic specialist’s in surgical operation. The wide range of legal aspect in relationship within doctor and patient, require the writer to limit the writing of this paper only in term of health law.]"

"ABSTRAKDalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara lingkungan hidup, hakim terlebih dahulu harus memeahami asas-asas kebijakan lingkungan. Dalam Keputusan Ketua Mahkamah Agung Nomor 36 Tahun 2013 dimuat mengenai asas In dubio pro natura yang dimuat didalam pembahasan mengenai prinsip kehati-hatian Precautionary Principle . Asas In dubia pro natura sudah digunakan sebagai pertimbangan Hakim untuk menghukum PT. KALLISTA ALAM. Akan tetapi jika dilihat dalam dokumen-dokumen Internasional dan dalam penggunaannya di negara-negara yang telah lama menggunakan asas In dubio pro natura, terdapat ketidaksesuaian dengan penggunaan asas ini di Indonesia. Dalam Skripsi ini diperoleh suatu kesimpulan bahwa asas In dubia pro natura di Indonesua belum dipandang jauh sebagai suatu asas yang berbeda dengan prinsip kehati-hatian Precautionary Principle . Asas In dubio pro natura hanya dipandang sebagai pedoman untuk berpihak kepada lingkungan tetapi belum secara tegas didefinisikan lingkup penggunaannya, sehingga dapat terjadi ketidakasdilan, dan bahkan tujuan dari prinsip tersebut untuk berpihak kepada lingkungan dapat saja tidak terpenuhi Metode penulisan dalam skripsi ini adalah Yuridis Normatif. Oleh karena itu, didalam skripsi ini dimuat mengenai perbedaan asas In dubio pro natura dan prinsip kehati-hatian Precautionary Principle.

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ABSTRACTIn examining and adjudicating environmental cases, judges must first understand the principles of environmental policy. In the Decree of Supreme Court Number 36 of 2013 contains the principle named In dubio pro natura which is contained in the discussion of the Precautionary Principle. Principle In dubia pro natura has been used as a judge consideration to punish PT. KALLISTA ALAM. However, when viewed in international documents and in their use in countries that have long used the principle of In dubio pro natura, there is a discrepancy with the use of this principle in Indonesia. In this thesis, it can be concluded that the principle of In dubia pro natura in Indonesia has not been considered as a different principle from Precautionary Principle. The principle of In dubio pro natura is only seen as a guideline for siding with the environment but has not explicitly defined the scope of its use and even the purpose of that principle may be unfulfilled. The method of writing in this thesis is Juridical Normative. Therefore, in this thesis is published about the difference of principle In dubio pro natura and Precautionary Principle Precautionary Principle."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai penjaminan fidusia atas objek yang berupabangunan dalam perspektif teori pemisahan horizontal. Pada tesis in akan dibahasmengenai dua hal. Pertama, pembahasan mengenai penerapan asas pemisahanhorizontal terhadap bangunan yang didirikan di atas tanah milik orang lain sebagaiobjek jaminan fidusia dalam teori dan praktik. Kedua, pembahasan mengenaipermasalahan-permasalahan yang selama ini terjadi dalam praktik pemberianfidusia atas objek berupa bangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodepenelitian yuridis normatif, dimana data penelitian ini sebagian besar berasal daristudi kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber. Hasil daripenelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Fidusia atas bangunan dapat terjadi karenahukum tanah di Indonesia menganut asas pemisahan horizontal yang merupakanwarisan dari hukum adat. Asas pemisahan horizontal bertujuan untuk melindungipihak yang hanya memiliki bangunan tanpa memiliki tanah. Meskipun dalamhukum tanah nasional menganut asas pemisahan horizontal, namun dalampraktiknya fidusia atas bangunan bukanlah suatu pilihan hukum bagi pemiliktanah atau bangunan yang ingin menjaminkan asetnya sebagai jaminan utangsecara terpisah. Karena pengaturan fidusia atas bangunan ini telah diatursedemikian rupa sehingga hanya bangunan yang didirikan di atas hak atas tanahtertentu (yang bukan merupakan objek Hak Tanggungan) yang bisa dijadikanobjek jaminan fidusia. Sedangkan kendala-kendala yang banyak menimbulkanpermasalahan dalam praktinya, antara lain disebabkan karena belum adanyasertipikat atas bangunan sebagai tanda bukti kepemilikan, fidusia didaftarkandengan sistem online sehingga rawan terjadinya fidusia ulang, belum terdapatsuatu peraturan yang terintegrasi antara peraturan-peraturan dalam bidang hukumjaminan, kebendaan, dan tanah mengenai fidusia atas bangunan, serta objekjaminan yang hanya mengenai bangunan, maka akan ada kendala ekseskusi.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis is concerning about building that is built on the land owned by other asfiduciary object from horizontal separation principle perspective. This thesis ismainly focusing about two problems. Firstly, the horizontal separation principlethat is applied to a building that built on the land owned by other as a fiduciaryobject in theory and practice. Secondly, issues that occurred from fiduciary of thebuilding that built on the land owned by other. This study uses a normativeresearch, whereby the research data is largely derived from the literature study andinterviews. The results of this research stipulates that fiduciary of the buildingscan be conducted according to Indonesian land law which is adopting thehorizontal separation principle, inherited from Indonesian customary law. Thehorizontal separation principle aims to protect those who only have a buildingwithout having the land. Although the national land law embraces horizontalseparation principle, in practice, fiduciary of building is not an option for theowner of the land or buildings who wanted to collateralize their assets separately.Because the fiduciary of the building regulations has been arranged in a way that,only buildings which built on certain land rights (which is not a Mortgage object)that can be classified as fiduciary object. Meanwhile the constraints that cause alot of problems in practice, is partly due to the absence of the buildings certificateas the proof of ownership. Fiduciary, which registered with the online system, isso prone to re-fiduciary, yet there is no rule that integrates all regulations in thefield of security law, material, and land law, furthermore, to the object itself whichis only a building that built on the land owned by other, there will be problems inexecution process.;This thesis is concerning about building that is built on the land owned by other asfiduciary object from horizontal separation principle perspective. This thesis ismainly focusing about two problems. Firstly, the horizontal separation principlethat is applied to a building that built on the land owned by other as a fiduciaryobject in theory and practice. Secondly, issues that occurred from fiduciary of thebuilding that built on the land owned by other. This study uses a normativeresearch, whereby the research data is largely derived from the literature study andinterviews. The results of this research stipulates that fiduciary of the buildingscan be conducted according to Indonesian land law which is adopting thehorizontal separation principle, inherited from Indonesian customary law. Thehorizontal separation principle aims to protect those who only have a buildingwithout having the land. Although the national land law embraces horizontalseparation principle, in practice, fiduciary of building is not an option for theowner of the land or buildings who wanted to collateralize their assets separately.Because the fiduciary of the building regulations has been arranged in a way that,only buildings which built on certain land rights (which is not a Mortgage object)that can be classified as fiduciary object. Meanwhile the constraints that cause alot of problems in practice, is partly due to the absence of the buildings certificateas the proof of ownership. Fiduciary, which registered with the online system, isso prone to re-fiduciary, yet there is no rule that integrates all regulations in thefield of security law, material, and land law, furthermore, to the object itself whichis only a building that built on the land owned by other, there will be problems inexecution process."

"Dalam penerapan asas Rechtsverweking, hakim seharusnya tidak hanya berpatokan pada lampaunya batas waktu lima tahun untuk menggugat, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan keabsahan perolehan sertipikat tanah. Pendekatan tersebut diperlukan agar penerapan asas Rechtsverweking tidak secara otomatis menghilangkan hak gugat, terutama dalam kasus dimana penerbitan sertipikat melanggar hukum atau dilakukan tanpa itikad baik. Salah satu permasalahan dalam penerbitan sertipikat tanah oleh Kantor Pertanahan terhadap jual beli tanah dengan bukti kuitansi semata terdapat di dalam kasus yang termuat di dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 997 K/Pdt/2021. Penulisan ini mengangkat tentang keabsahan jual beli tanah dengan bukti kuitansi, perlindungan hukum terhadap pemilik tanah yang kehilangan tanahnya akibat penerapan asas Rechtsverwerking. Penelitian doktrinal yang dilakukan di sini mengumpulkan bahan-bahan hukum melalui studi kepustakaan yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Sertipikat Hak Milik No. 01494 diterbitkan secara tidak sah karena hanya berasal dari jual beli yang dibuktikan dengan kuitansi semata, hal ini menimbulkan sengketa antara pemilik tanah dan pembeli beritikad baik. Perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik tanah meliputi pembatalan sertipikat dan pembeli beritikad baik dapat mengajukan gugatan ganti rugi atas perbuatan melawan hukum untuk mengembalikan keadaan seperti keadaan semula.

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In the application of the principle of rechtsverwerking, judges should not solely rely on the lapse of the five-year limitation period for filing a claim but must also consider the validity of the acquisition of the land certificate. This approach is necessary to ensure that the application of the rechtsverwerking principle does not automatically extinguish the right to file a claim, particularly in cases where the issuance of the certificate violates the law or is conducted in bad faith. One of the issues in the issuance of land certificates by the Land Office, based solely on a receipt of sale and purchase, is illustrated in the Supreme Court Decision Number 997 K/Pdt/2021. This study addresses the validity of land transactions supported only by receipts, as well as the legal protection for landowners who lose their land due to the application of the rechtsverwerking principle. This doctrinal research collects legal materials through literature review, which are then analyzed qualitatively. Certificate of Ownership No. 01494 was issued unlawfully, as it stemmed solely from a sale and purchase evidenced by a receipt, resulting in a dispute between the landowner and a good faith buyer. Legal protection for landowners includes the annulment of the certificate, while good faith buyers may file a claim for damages based on unlawful acts to restore the situation to its original state."

"Notaris adalah pejabat umum yang melaksanakan jabatannya dalam memberikan pelayanan jasa hukum dibidang keperdataan dalam hal pembuatan akta otentik memerlukan perlindungan hukum. Perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris adalah apabila Notaris itu sendiri telah berada dijalur yang tepat yaitu dengan memperhatikan semua dokumen-dokumen asli dalam proses pembuatan akta untuk para pihak yang bersangkutan dan menaati pelbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada, maka tindakan Notaris tersebut sudah melindungi dirinya sendiri secara hukum meskipun terdapat gugatan dari pihak ketiga (bukan pihak dalam akta). Menyangkut gugatan pihak ketiga ini secara otomatis akan berpengaruh terhadap akta yang dibuat Notaris tersebut. Dalam hal ini, akta otentik tersebut mempunyai Asas Praduga Sah dimana akta tersebut tetap dianggap sah dimuka pengadilan sampai ada pihak yang membuktikan yang sebaliknya. Tesis ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan analisis data secara kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Notaris mendapatkan Perlindungan Hukum karena Notaris itu sendiri telah menaati aturan hukum yang berlaku pada saat proses pembuatan akta sekalipun ada gugatan dari pihak ketiga dan akta otentik yang dibuatnya mempunyai Asas Praduga Sah.

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Notary is a public official who implement the occupation in providing legal services in private law of the creation of an authentic deed requires legal protection. Legal protection for notary is in Notary itself had been in the right track that having regard to all the original documents in the process of making the deed to the parties concerned and comply with the various laws and regulations that exist, so that the Notary’s act has already been protect legally while there may be a lawsuit from a third party (not a party in the deed). A lawsuit from the third-party will automatically affect the Notarial deed made. In this case, the authentic deed had a Legitimate basis for the presumption of an act which still considered valid upfront court until there is the party that proves the opposite. This thesis is using the method of research juridical normative with analysis of data in a qualitative manner. From the results of an analysis of the conclusions, may be drawn that a notary get the legal protection because the notary itself has obey the rule of law prevailing at the process of making the deed although there's a lawsuit from the third party and the authentic deed which has been made have the principle of presumption valid."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai persetujuan suami atau istri dalam pembebanan jaminan Hak Tanggungan terhadap harta bersama, di mana yang menjadi pokok permasalahannya adalah bagaimana ketentuan perundang-undangan, dalam hal ini UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, mengaturnya dan bagaimana akibat hukumnya jika persetujuan suami atau istri tersebut tidak terpenuhi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan bentuk penelitian yuridis-normatif dan tipe penelitian deskriptif-analitis. Berdasarkan Pasal 36 ayat (1) UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 disebutkan bahwa mengenai harta bersama suami atau istri dapat bertindak atas atas perjanjian kedua belah pihak. Namun, ternyata dalam Putusan-Putusan Mahkamah Agung terdapat perbedaan pertimbangan hukum atas hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ternyata dalam praktik peradilan, dalam hal ini Pengadilan Negeri, Pengadilan Tinggi, maupun Mahkamah Agung, dalam putusan-putusannya memungkinkan bahwa persetujuan suami atau istri dapat dianggap ada jika utang yang dibuat adalah untuk kepentingan keluarga.

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This undergraduate thesis describes about the spouse consent to encumber collateral mortgage on marital community of property, in which the main issues in this research is how the statutory provisions, in this case the Law No. 1 of 1974 about Marriage, set it up and how the legal consequences if the spouse consent is not fulfilled. This research is legal research, which uses a form of juridical- normative research and a type of descriptive-analytics research. Based on Article 36 paragraph (1) of Law No. 1 of 1974 stated that regarding marital community of property, husband or wife can act upon the agreement of both parties. However, it turns out in the Decisions of the Supreme Court that there are different legal considerations on the matter. This research finds out that in judicial practice, in this case the District Court, the High Court, and the Supreme Court, there are the Court Decisions which states that the spouse consent is possible to be considered exist if the debt is made for the family interests."