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""Some patients present with a primary complaint of pain while others complain of pain secondary to a more generalized disease process or procedure. As a healthcare professional, you are trained to diagnose the pathology and then treat it. A patient presents with pneumonia, your work-up supports the diagnosis; you treat it, then the patient gets better. However, another layer of patient care needs more focus in the medical community. If the patient with pneumonia complains of intercostal pain secondary to a violent cough, we have the ability to manage the symptoms of pain effectively, and should not hesitate to do so promptly. Our actions to alleviate pain will not hinder our ability to treat the underlying disease. Yet modern medicine often considers these goals mutually exclusive, with pain management a distance second. As medical professionals, when we have an incomplete understanding of how to treat a condition, we under treat it, erring on the side of do no harm. This book will give you the confidence to confront your patient's discomfort and succeed in conquering the pain"--Provided by publisher."

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Pengkajian nyeri merupakan bagian dari manajemen nyeri yang harus diperhatikan. Pengkajian nyeri yang akurat sangat penting untuk manajemen nyeri yang efektif. Pada area intensive care pengkajian nyeri menjadi sulit dilakukan karena adanya beberapa hambatan, salah satunya adalah adanya gangguan komunikasinya atau pasien tidak dapat melaporkan rasa nyeri secara verbal. Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan sudah seharusnya tetap melakukan pengkajian nyeri pada pasien di area intensive care, namun pengkajian nyeri pada pasien di area intensive care masih belum seluruhnya dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran sikap dan perilaku perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian nyeri di ruang perawatan intensive care. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 80 perawat yang bekerja di ruang intensif yang diambil secara total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 51,25% responden memiliki sikap positif dan 57,50% responden memiliki perilaku yang baik dalam melakukan pengkajian nyeri di ruang intensif. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya meningkatkan pengetahuan dan motivasi perawat melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan terkait pengkajian nyeri sehingga manajemen nyeri di ruang intensif dapat lebih adekuat.

 

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Pain assessment is a part of pain management that must be considered. Accurate pain assessment is essential for effective pain management. In the intensive care area, pain assessment becomes difficult because of several obstacles, one of which is the communication disorder or the patient cannot report pain verbally. Nurses as health workers should still carry out pain assessments in patients in intensive care areas, but assessments of pain in patients in intensive care areas are still not fully carried out. The purpose of this study was to describe the attitudes and behavior of nurses in conducting pain assessments in the intensive care room. The method used in this study is a descriptive survey using a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were 80 nurses working in the intensive room who were taken by total sampling. The results showed that 51.25% of respondents had a positive attitude and 57.50% of respondents had good behavior in conducting pain assessments in the intensive room. The recommendation of this study is the need to increase the knowledge and motivation of nurses through education and training related to pain assessment so that pain management in intensive rooms can be more adequate

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"Penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penerapan teoriModel Konservasi pada bayi dengan gangguan rasa nyaman nyeri. Nyeri padabayi perlu mendapat perhatian penting dari perawat karena dapat mempengaruhipertumbuhan dan perkembangan di masa yang akan datang. Penatalaksanaannyeri dilakukan secara farmakologis dan non farmakologis. Penatalaksanaan nyerinon farmakologis dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengaturan posisi, facilitatedtucking, pacifier dan sensasi multisensory. Penatalaksanaan nyeri perlu dilakukanoleh seorang perawat yang kompeten, yang dilakukan melalui berbagai peran,yaitu sebagai pemberi asuhan, advokat, pendidik, penelitidan pemimpin.

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This paper aims to describe the application on Levine Conservation Model in the

care of infant experiencing altered comfort: pain. Pain should become a nursing

concern since it will have impacts on baby’s growth and development in the

future. Pain can be managed by pharmacological and non-pharmacological

approaches.

Non-pharmacological management can be provided by positioning the baby,

facilitated tucking position, pacifier and multisensory sensations. Nonpharmacological

management can be provided by positioning the baby,

facilitating tucking, providing non-nutritive sucking, and

Nurses implement pain management throughout their roles as care giver,

advocator, educator, researcher, and leader.

Key word : Conservation theory, pain, non pharm"

"Lansia adalah seseorang dengan usia 60 tahun atau lebih yang mengalami proses penuaan dan berdampak terhadap perubahan sistem metabolisme tubuh mereka, salah satunya sistem kardiovaskuler. Salah satu penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh lansia adalah hipertensi. Di tingkat nasional, DKI Jakarta menempati urutan kesembilan mengenai prevalensi hipertensi yaitu 33,43%. Hipertensi merupakan keadaan peningkatan tekanan darah terhadap dinding arteri terlalu tinggi. Adapun manifestasi dari hipertensi tengkuk terasa tegang atau nyeri leher yang dapat mengganggu lansia dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-harinya. Penulisan ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menyajikan dan memaparkan hasil analisis Asuhan Keperawatan Penurunan Nyeri Tengkuk Pada Lansia di PSTW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung dengan terapi manajemen nyeri non-farmakologis berupa kompres hangat warm water zack dan relaksasi napas dalam. Pemberian terapi dengan warm water zack untuk mengompres bagian tubuh yang sakit dan mengurangi keluhan nyeri. Hasil evaluasi pemberian intervensi selama tujuh hari menggunakan instrument Short-Form Mcgill Pain Questionnaire didapatkan skor nyeri menurun dari sebelum intervensi yaitu 16 dan sesudah intervensi menjadi 4. Respon subjektif yang didapatkan seperti klien sudah mengetahui cara mengurangi dan menghilangkan nyeri. Hal ini mengartikan bahwa kompres hangat warm water zack dan relaksasi napas dalam yang dilakukan dapat menurunkan nyeri tengkuk keluhannya. Terapi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi perawat dan staff lahan praktik untuk mengimpelementasikan sebagai salah satu intervensi mandiri perawat.

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The Elderly is someone aged 60 years or more who is experiencing the aging process and has an impact on changes in their body's metabolic system, one of which is the cardiovascular system. One of the most common diseases suffered by the elderly is hypertension. At the national level, DKI Jakarta ranks ninth regarding the prevalence of hypertension, which is 33.43%. Hypertension is a condition where the blood pressure against the artery walls is too high. The manifestations of hypertension are neck tension or neck pain which can interfere with the elderly in carrying out their daily activities. This writing was made with the aim of presenting and explaining the results of the analysis of Nursing Care for Reducing Neck Pain in the Elderly at PSTW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung with non-pharmacological pain management therapy in the form of warm water zack warm compresses and deep breath relaxation. Giving therapy with warm water zack to compress the sick body part and reduce pain complaints. The results of the evaluation of the intervention for seven days using the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire instrument showed that the pain score decreased from before the intervention, namely 16 and after the intervention to 4. Subjective responses were obtained such as the client already knowing how to reduce and eliminate pain. This means that Zack's warm water compresses and deep breathing relaxation can reduce his neck pain. This therapy is expected to be input for nurses and practice staff to implement it as one of the independent nurse interventions."

"ABSTRAKNyeri punggung bawah merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada lansia dan berdampak pada terhambatnya aktivitas sehari-hari. Nyeri yang dirasakan sering kali mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan, sehingga lansia merasa stress ataupun terganggu istirahatnya. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil praktik klinik pada oma N (87 tahun) dengan nyeri kronik pada punggung bawah menggunakan intervensi imajinasi tembimbing (guided imagery). Pengkajian nyeri menggunakan pendekatan PQRT dan instrument Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Hasil intervensi yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan imajinasi terbimbing sebanyak 2 kali dalam satu minggu selama 30-45 menit setiap sesinya. Hasil penemuan yang didapat pada studi ini yaitu (a) tingkat nyeri tidak berkurang, (b) pelaporan rasa  nyeri berkurang jika melakukan tarik napas dalam, dan (c) pasien merasa lebih nyaman. Studi ini menyarankan perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan agar dapat mempengaruhi intensitas nyeri dengan durasi waktu yang lebih lama atau mengkombinasikan terapi ini dengan terapi relaksasi lainnya.

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ABSTRACTLow back pain is one of the common health problem which often occurs in the elderly and results in the limitation of daily activities. Pain is often results in discomfort, so that the elderly may feel stressed or interrupted their rest. This scientific work aims to analyze the results of clinical practice on Oma N (87 years) with chronic pain in the lower back using video-call and audio-recorded guided imagery intervention. Pain assessment used the PQRST approach and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) instrument. The results of the interventions obtained after guided imagery 2 times a week for 30-45 minutes for each session. Our findings included: (a) the level of pain is not reduced (2) reporting pain is reduced if patient done the deep breathing technique (3) patients feel more relaxed after intervention. The evidence suggests that improving the level of pain need more further investigation with more duration of time or combine the therapy with another relaxation technique."

"Ventilasi mekanik berfungsi untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan, namun ventilasi mekanik merupakan tindakan invasif yang menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan berupa kecemasan, agitasi, dan rasa nyeri. Nyeri berdampak negatif pada tumbuh kembang anak. Tujuan penulisan karya ilmiah ini untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan nyeri akut pada anak dengan ventilasi mekanik melalui identifikasi nyeri dan tingkat sedasi dengan instrumen Comfort Behaviour Scale dengan pendekatan Teori Kenyamanan Kolcaba. Terdapat lima kasus anak yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik yang mengalami nyeri dan diberikan asuhan keperawatan melalui pendekatan teori kenyamanan Kolcaba. Aplikasi teori kenyamanan Kolcaba terbukti efektif memberikan kenyamanan anak dengan ventilasi mekanik yang mengalami nyeri meliputi konteks kenyamanan fisik, psikospiritual, sosiokultural, dan lingkungan. Instrumen Comfort Behaviour Scale terbukti valid dan reliabel dalam mengukur tingkat sedasi serta dapat digunakan untuk tingkat nyeri anak dengan ventilasi mekanik. Instrumen ini dapat digunakan perawat dalam pengkajian nyeri dan tingkat sedasi anak yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik sehingga memudahkan dalam manajemen nyeri dan sedasi.

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Mechanical ventilation serves as live saving, but mechanical ventilation is an invasive procedure that causes discomfort in the form of anxiety, agitation, and pain. Pain has a negative impact on child development. The purpose is to provide an overview of acute pain nursing care for children with mechanical ventilation through identification of pain and sedation levels with a Comfort Behavior Scale instrument based on Kolcaba Comfort Theory approach. There were five cases of children with mechanical ventilation who experienced pain and were given nursing care through the Kolcaba comfort theory approach.

The application of the Kolcaba comfort theory has proven to be effective in providing comfort for children with mechanical ventilation who experience pain including the context of physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort. The Comfort Behavior Scale instrument proved to be valid and reliable in measuring the level of sedation and can be used for measuring pain in children with mechanical ventilation. This instrument can be used by nurses in the assessment of pain and the level of sedation of children who have mechanical ventilation that makes it easier for pain and sedation management."