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"Anak mempunyai keterbatasan dalam mengekspresikan nyeri pascabedah yang dialaminya, sehingga pengelolaan nyeri pada anak kurang mendapat perhatian. Hipnoterapi telah dikembangkan menjadi terapi komplementer dan alternatif yang dapat mengurangi nyeri dengan memberdayakan alam bawah sadar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh hipnoterapi terhadap perubahan skor nyeri pascabedah pada anak usia sekolah dengan menggunakan desain preeksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest-postest. Besar sampel sebanyak 14 anak usia sekolah pascabedah yang dipilih dengan consecutive sampling, menggunakan uji statistik paired t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hipnoterapi menurunkan skor nyeri sebesar 5,071 (p< 0,001, t=25,992, CI 95% 4,650-5,493). Hipnoterapi dapat direkomendasikan menjadi intervensi nonfarmakologi dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri.

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Children have limitation in expressing pain sensation, so pediatric pain management gets less attention. Hypnotherapy was developed to be a complementary and alternative therapy for reducing pain by empowering the subconscious. The purpose of this tdy was to determine the effect of hypnotherapy to the changes of operative pain score in school-aged children with preexperimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. Sample size of 14 post operative school-aged children were selected by consecuyive sampling technique. The results of paired t test analysis, hypnotherapy significantly decreased pain by 5,071 (p<0,001,t=25,992, CI 95%=4,650-5,493). Thus, hypnotherapy can be recommended as a non pharmacological intervention to reduce pain."

"[ABSTRAKNyeri akibat prosedur pengambilan darah vena berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan tumbuh kembang anak apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perbedaan dampak pemberian kantong jelli dingin dan hipnoterapi terhadap skor nyeri anak. Desain penelitian berupa Quasi experimental dan pengukuran skor nyeri menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale. Hasil analisis menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan menghasilkan nilai p=0,013 yang menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara pemberian kantong jelli dingin dan hipnoterapi. Hasil uji korelasi Pearson dan Eta didapatkan p>0,05 menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, pengalaman nyeri sebelumnya, dan kehadiran keluarga terhadap skor nyeri. Perawat dapat menerapkan hipnoterapi sebagai intervensi mandiri dalam manajemen nyeri anak.

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ABSTRACTPain due to venous blood collection procedures has the potential to cause interference with child growth if not handled properly. This study aims to identify differences of impacts between cold pack and hypnotherapy and collaborate them with Children?s data relating to their pain (Pain Scores). The research design employed is Quasi experimental and pain scores measurement using a numerical rating scale. Results of analysis using unpaired T-test with p value=0,016 showed no significant difference between the provision of cold pack and hypnotherapy. Results of Pearson correlation and Eta test p>0,05 showed no relation between age, gender, previous pain experiences and the presence of the family with pain scores. Nurses can apply hypnotherapy as a standalone intervention in child pain mangement plan.;Pain due to venous blood collection procedures has the potential to cause interference with child growth if not handled properly. This study aims to identify differences of impacts between cold pack and hypnotherapy and collaborate them with Children?s data relating to their pain (Pain Scores). The research design employed is Quasi experimental and pain scores measurement using a numerical rating scale. Results of analysis using unpaired T-test with p value=0,016 showed no significant difference between the provision of cold pack and hypnotherapy. Results of Pearson correlation and Eta test p>0,05 showed no relation between age, gender, previous pain experiences and the presence of the family with pain scores. Nurses can apply hypnotherapy as a standalone intervention in child pain mangement plan., Pain due to venous blood collection procedures has the potential to cause interference with child growth if not handled properly. This study aims to identify differences of impacts between cold pack and hypnotherapy and collaborate them with Children’s data relating to their pain (Pain Scores). The research design employed is Quasi experimental and pain scores measurement using a numerical rating scale. Results of analysis using unpaired T-test with p value=0,016 showed no significant difference between the provision of cold pack and hypnotherapy. Results of Pearson correlation and Eta test p>0,05 showed no relation between age, gender, previous pain experiences and the presence of the family with pain scores. Nurses can apply hypnotherapy as a standalone intervention in child pain mangement plan.]"

"ABSTRAKAnak usia sekolah merupakan kelompok yang berisiko terkena masalah kesehatan seperti penyakit diare. Namun demikian, periode anak usia sekolah merupakan titik awal pembentukan perilaku sehat sehingga menjadi sasaran strategis pendidikan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh bermain terapeutik sosiodrama terhadap perubahan perilaku pencegahan diare pada anak usia sekolah 6-12 tahun . Metode yang digunakan kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre-post with control group yang terdiri dari dua kelompok; 38 anak sebagai kelompok intervensi dan 38 kelompok kontrol. Teknik sampling menggunakan multistage random sampling untuk menentukan wilayah penelitian sedangkan target sampel penelitian menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bermain terapeutik sosiodrama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengetahuan p value=0,000 , sikap p value=0,000 , dan keterampilan p value=0,001 pencegahan diare anak usia sekolah. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bermain terapeutik sosiodrama dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan orang tua p value=0,001 . Bermain terapeutik sosiodrama dapat diterapkan sebagai upaya peningkatan perilaku pencegahan diare pada anak usia sekolah yang diintegrasikan dalam pelayanan keperawatan di sekolah.Kata kunci: Anak usia sekolah, bermain terapeutik sosiodrama, perilaku pencegahan diare

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ABSTRACTSchool age children are population at risk for health problems such as diarrhea. However, the school age children period is the starting point for developing healthy behaviors so that becomes a strategic target of health education. The study aimed to determine the effect of therapeutic sociodrama toward diarrhea preventive behavior changes on school age children 6 12 years . The study method used quasi experiment pre post with control group that consisted of two groups 38 subjects were as intervention groups and 38 subjects were as control groups. The sampling technique used multistage random sampling to determine research area while the research target sample used simple random sampling. The results showed that therapeutic sociodrama significantly effected on knowledge p value 0,000 , attitude p value 0,000 , and diarrhea prevention skills p value 0,001 . Further analysis showed therapeutic sociodrama was influenced by parental knowledge pvalue 0.001 . The therapeutic sociodrama could be applied as an effort to enhance the diarrhea preventive behavior of school age children that could be integrated in the school nursing service.Keywords Diarrhea prevention behavior, school age children, therapeutic sociodrama"

"Tindakan invasif menyebabkan nyeri pada anak ketika hospitalisasi di rumah sakit menjadi salah satu sumber kecemasan, ketakutan, dan ketidaknyamanan bagi anak maupun orang tua. Salah satu manajemen nyeri yang bisa dilakukan pada anak yaitu dengan memberikan distraksi. Distraksi adalah tindakan memperhatikan sesuatu selain rasa sakit, tindakan menarik perhatian pada rasa sakit. Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh distraksi Virtual Reality terhadap nyeri anak usia sekolah saat dilakukan pemasangan infus. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi experiment post-test only dengan sampel responden terdiri dari 34 kelompok intervensi dan 34 kelompok kontrol, sesuai kriteria inklusi yaitu: anak yang dipasang infus pertama kali saat periode rawat terkini, tidak mengalami gangguan kognitif, anak kooperatif dan mau mengikuti instruksi, serta anak yang didampingi orangtua. Instrumen nyeri yang digunakan adalah NRS (Numeric Rate Scale). Hasil: Mayoritas responden memiliki karakteristik berjenis kelamin perempuan pada kelompok intervensi sebanyak 67,6% dan pada kelompok kontrol berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 61,8%, berusia 6-12 tahun dan memiliki pengalaman prosedur invasif sebelumnya. Analisis data menggunakan uji non parametrik (Mann Whitney) untuk menganalisis perbedaan nyeri pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol pada prosedur invasif. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan nyeri selama prosedur invasif menggunakan distraksi Virtual Reality pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol (nilai p 0,000). Saran: Penelitian Virtual Reality menunjukkan bahwa metode distraksi menjadi lebih efektif karena meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya dan pemilihan pasien berdasarkan karakteristik.

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Invasive acts cause pain in the child when hospitalization in the hospital becomes one of the sources of anxiety, fear, and discomfort for both the child and the parent. One of the pain management that can be done in children is by giving distractions. Distraction is the act of paying attention to something other than pain, the action of drawing attention to pain.

Objective: This research is to find out the impact of Virtual Reality distraction on the pain of school-age children during infusion installation. Method: The study used a post-test only quasi-experimental design with a sample of respondents consisting of 34 intervention groups and 34 control groups, according to the inclusion criteria, namely: children who were installed the first infusion during the current period of care, did not have cognitive impairment, children cooperative and willing to follow instructions, as well as children accompanied by parents. The pain instrument used is NRS. (Numeric Rate Scale).

Results: The majority of respondents had female gender characteristics in the intervention group of 67.6% and in the control group of the gender of 61.8%, aged 6-12 years and had previous experience of invasive procedures. The data analysis used a non-parametric test (Mann Whitney) to analyze differences in pain in the intervention group and the control group in the invasive procedure. There are significant differences in pain during invasive procedures using virtual reality distraction in the intervention group and control group. (nilai p 0,000).

Advice: Virtual Reality research shows that the method of distraction becomes more effective as it improves resource efficiency and patient selection based on characteristics. "

"Pendahuluan: Nyeri prosedural atau nyeri akibat prosedural invasif merupakan sumber nyeri yang paling ditakuti dan paling umum oleh anak-anak. Sayangnya, banyak prosedur invasif akan diperlukan untuk diagnosis dan pengobatan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh VR (Virtual Reality) terhadap perbedan rata-rata skor nyeri prosedural, karakteristik usia sekolah serta jenis kelamin pada anak dengan kanker. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain quasy experimental posttest-only pada 19 pasien kelompok kontrol dan 19 pasien kelompok intervensi. teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan sistem tidak acak (non-probability sampling) dengan cara convenience sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji T independen. Hasil: Hasil uji statistika menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan skor nyeri antara kelompok kontrol dengan intervensi (p value 0,019), tidak ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor nyeri antara karakteristik usia sekolah dan usia remaja (p value 0.862), tidak ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor nyeri antara karakteristik jenis kelamin laki-laki dan jenis kelamin perempuan (p value 0.223), sehingga dapat disimpulkan dari penelitian ini bahwasanya ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor nyeri antara kelompok intervensi VR (Virtual reality) dan kelompok kontrol terapi standar rumah sakit dengan teknik distraksi nafas dalam, namun tidak ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor nyeri antara karakteristik usia sekolah dan usia remaja dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor nyeri antara karakteristik jenis kelamin laki-laki dan jenis kelamin perempuan. Rekomendasi: Diharapkan penelitian selanjutnya meneliti sampel yang lebih besar dan perlu dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh VR (Virtual reality) terhadap nyeri akibat prosedur lainnya, tempat penelitian dan instrumen skor nyeri yang berbeda.

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Procedural pain or pain due to invasive procedures is the most feared and most common source of pain for children. Unfortunately, many invasive procedures will be required for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VR (Virtual Reality) on the difference in average procedural pain scores, school-age characteristics, and gender in children with cancer. Methods: The study used a quasy experimental posttest-only design with 19 patients in the control group and 19 patients in the intervention group. The sampling technique used is non-random sampling (non-probability sampling) using convenience sampling. Data analysis used an independent t-test. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant difference in pain scores between the control and intervention groups (p-value 0.019), there was no significant difference in the average pain score between school-age and adolescent characteristics (p-value 0.862), there was no mean significant difference - average pain score between male and female sex characteristics (p-value 0.223), so it can be concluded from this study that there is a significant difference in the average pain score between the VR (Virtual reality) intervention group and the standard home therapy control group pain with the distraction technique of deep breathing, but there was no significant difference in the average pain score between school-age and adolescent characteristics and there was no significant difference in the average pain score between male and female sex characteristics. Recommendation: It is hoped that further research will examine a larger sample and a study is needed to determine the effect of VR (Virtual reality) on pain due to other procedures, research locations, and different pain score instruments."

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) adalah penyakit yang umum pada anak-anak dan remaja, dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Telah ditemukan beberapa faktor risiko IBS, antara lain jenis kelamin, status sosioekonomik, dan gaya hidup. Penelitian mengenai prevalensi, faktor risiko, dan pengaruh IBS pada murid sekolah dasar sangatlah terbatas, khususnya di Indonesia, maka dari itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko, epidemiologi, dan pengaruh IBS terhadap performa akademik dan tingkat absensi. Penelitian potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan murid sekolah dasar di sebuah sekolah negeri di Jakarta. Orangtua diminta untuk mengisi kuisioner yang berisi karakteristik demografik dan kuisioner Rome III. Kami menggunakan metode total sampling. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok (dengan IBS dan tanpa IBS), guna dibandingkan. Data di analisa menggunakan Pearson Chi-square, dan Mann-Whitney test. Di antara 154 subjek (86 laki-laki dan 68 perempuan) dengan umur median 9,68 tahun, 13 (8,4%) memiliki IBS. Umur, latar belakang pendidikan orangtua, dan kelas tidak berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS. Jenis kelamin berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS dengan perempuan sebagai faktor risiko yang signifikan. Absen tidak terkait secara signifikan dengan IBS, tetapi terlihat bahwa subjek dengan IBS memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi sedikit dibandingkan dengan subjek tanpa IBS (P = 0.282).

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi IBS adalah 8,4%. Jenis kelamin adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang signifikan, dan tingkat absensi dan performa akademik secara statistik tidak signifikan terkait IBS.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in children and adolescent, that influence their quality of life. Previous studies have shown that there are several risk factors towards IBS, such as gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Knowledge regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of IBS in primary school students is very limited, especially in Indonesia, thus this study was aimed to explore the risk factors, epidemiology, and impact of IBS towards academic achievement and school absenteeism. This cross-sectional study included primary school students in a public school in Jakarta. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaires which comprise of demographic characteristics and Rome III questionnaire. We used total sampling. Then, the subjects were separated into two groups (those with IBS and those without IBS) in order to compare between the two. Data were analyzed with Pearson Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney test. Among 154 subjects (86 males and 68 females) with median age of 9.68 years, 13 (8.4%) had IBS. Age, parental education, and grade was not significantly associated with IBS. However, gender was a significant factor towards IBS with females as the significant risk factor. Absence was not significantly associated with IBS, but it is shown that those with IBS had slightly higher average score compared to those without IBS (P = 0.282).

Conclusion: Prevalence of IBS among primary school is 8.4. Gender was the only significant factor associated with IBS and that school absenteeism and academic achievement were not significantly associated with IBS.

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"Pengaruh media terhadap kemampuan memahami mental state, yang dikenal sebagai theory of mind (ToM), telah menarik perhatian peneliti perkembangan dalam lima tahun terakhir. Salah satu bentuk media yang sering diteliti adalah fiksi sastra yang telah terbukti berpengaruh terhadap ToM karena mampu memunculkan respon emosi dan intelektual. Penelitian pengaruh fiksi sastra terhadap ToM di kalangan anak usia sekolah bernilai penting. Di masa sekolah, anak tengah menghadapi interaksi dan konteks sosial yang semakin luas, seiring semakin berkembangnya penalaran mental state dan kemampuan literasinya. Untuk membuktikan pengaruh fiksi sastra terhadap ToM anak usia sekolah, peneliti melakukan studi dengan tiga kelompok eksperimen yang masing-masing diberikan bacaan fiksi sastra, fiksi populer, non fiksi, dan satu kelompok kontrol. Perbandingan hasil tes keempat kelompok pada kemampuan first order dan second order ToM menunjukkan bahwa membaca fiksi sastra berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan first order dan pengaruhnya lebih baik dibandingkan membaca genre lainnya.

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Media influence on the ability to understand the mental state, known as the theory of mind (ToM), has attracted the attention of developmental researchers in the last five years. One of the media that is often studied were fiction. The type of fiction that has proven to give effect on ToM is the literary fiction in which considered able to bring emotional and intellectual response. The study of the effect of literary fiction on ToM conducted towards schoolage children is an important value. School-age children is facing wider interactions and social context, as their development of mental-state in reasoning ability and literacy skills.

Experimental study has done to prove the effect of literary fiction on ToM of school age with three experimental groups, they were groups of reading literary fiction, popular fiction, non-fiction, and one as a control group. Comparison of the results of ToM tests of four groups on the ability of first-order and second order indicate that reading literary fiction significantly affect the ability of first-order and the effect is better than reading the other genres."

"Penelitian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk menguji adanya pengaruh bermain puzzle video game terhadap kemampuan penalaran induktif pada tiga kelompok yang berbeda. Sebanyak 45 siswa kelas 3 SD dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok dengan perlakuan: (1) bermain puzzle video game selama 30 menit; (2) bermain puzzle video game selama 1 jam; dan (3) kelompok kontrol. Kemampuan penalaran induktif diukur melalui post-test menggunakan Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. Dengan membandingkan skor rata-rata tes menggunakan teknik independent sample t-test, didapatkan hasil bahwa bermain puzzle video game berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan penalaran induktif jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (t(43) = 2,113, p = 0,04), sedangkan bermain puzzle video game selama 1 jam tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan penalaran induktif jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang bermain puzzle video game selama 30 menit (t(28) = -0,599, p = 0,554).

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This experimental study aimed to examine the influence of playing puzzle video game on inductive reasoning ability in three different groups. Forty five third-graders divided into three treatment groups: (1) playing puzzle video game in 30 minutes; (2) playing puzzle video games in 1 hour; and (3) control group. Inductive reasoning ability was measured by post-test using Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices.

By comparing the mean scores with independent sample t-test, the results showed that playing puzzle video games significantly affect inductive reasoning ability compared to control group (t(43) = 2.113, p = .04), while playing puzzle video games for 1 hour does not significantly affect inductive reasoning ability compared to playing puzzle video game in 30 minutes (t(28) = -.599, p = 0.554)."

"Prosedur pemasangan infus dapat menimbulkan nyeri dan juga trauma pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompres hangat dan dingin kering terhadap skala nyeri anak usia sekolah saat pemasangan infus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan kuasi eksperimen post test only non equivalent control group yang terbagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kompres hangat (15 responden), kompres dingin (15 responden) dan kontrol (15 responden).Hasil Uji statistik dengan Anova menunjukkan ada perbedaan pengaruh pada ketiga kelompok terhadap skala nyeri dengan p value = 0,0001; α: 0,05 dan hasil uji post hock menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompres dingin mempunyai mean difference paling besar yaitu -4,267. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka kompres dingin lebih efektif menurunkan nyeri, oleh karena itu kompres dingin lebih disarankan untuk diterapkan dalam menurunkan nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan prosedur pemasangan infus.

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IV canule insertion procedure can cause pain and also trauma in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dried warm and cold compress on pain rating scale of school-age children IV canule insertion. The study design used quasi-experimental post-test only non-equivalent control group, which were divided into three groups: warm compress (15 respondents), cold compress (15 respondents) and control (15 respondents).

Anova analysis showed there were differences in the effect of the three groups on the pain scale with p value = 0.0001; α : 0.05 and post hock test results showed that administration of cold compresses has the greatest mean difference (-4.267). Based on these results, the cold compress is more effectively to reduce pain, therefore, cold compress is recommended to be applied in reducing pain in children who carried IV canule insertion."

"Pengobatan Albendazol dengan dosis tunggal maupun dosis maksimal menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan dalam memberikan kesembuhan (Cure rate) dan menurunkan jumlah telur (ERR) pada infeksi A.lumbricoides, namun terdapat fakta penelitian bahwa setelah 4 bulan pengobatan kejadian reinfeksi terjadi paling cepat ditemukan pada cacing A.lumbricoides. Penelitian lain menunjukan bahwa albendazol dosis tunggal ternyata belum mampu menghambat perkembangan telur A.lumbricoides secara menyeluruh dengan adanya telur yang masih menjadi infektif. Menjadi pertanyaan apakah pemberian albendazol dengan dosis maksimal mampu menghambat perkembangan telur secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini ingin menilai bagaimana pengaruh pemberian Albendazol dengan dosis yang maksimal yaitu 400 mg albendazol diberikan selama 3 hari berturut turut pada anak usia sekolah dasar terhadap perkembangan telur cacing A.lumbricoides. Rancangan penelitian adalah uji Eksperimental dengan one grup pre dan post test design. Untuk melihat pengaruh albendazol terhadap perkembangan telur dilakukan kultur sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan dari sampel tinja individu yang sama. Sampel tinja dikumpulkan dari anak SD pada hari ke-1 dan ke-7 sesudah pengobatan yang dikultur selama satu bulan. Analisis data menggunakan uji T berpasangan (T test paired) namun data tidak terdistribusi normal sehingga digunakan uji non parametrik yaitu Uji Wilxocon Signed Ranks. Taraf kesalahan yang digunakan adalah 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan Albendazol 3 hari berturut turut mampu menurunkan persentase telur dibuahi (fertilized) pada anak yang terinfeksi A.lumbricoides. Terdapat peningkatan jumlah telur yang tidak dibuahi (unfertilized) setelah pengobatan. Pemberian Albendazole dosis tunggal selama 3 hari berturut turut juga mampu menurunkan persentase telur infektif dan berpengaruh pada perubahan perkembangan telur A.lumbricoides.

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Albendazol treatment with triple doses showed satisfactory results in Cure rate (CR) and eggs reduction rate ( ERR ) on A.lumbricoides infection , but there was a study showing the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides increased after 4 months post treatment due to reinfection. Another study showed that a single dose albendazole was not able to inhibit the development of A.lumbricoides eggs because there was infective stage of eggs in stool sample. The question whether the administration of albendazole with a maximum dose capable of inhibiting the development of eggs thoroughly. Therefore this aim purpose of this study is to determine the effectivity of triple dose albendazole (3x 400 mg) in inhibiting the development of A.lumbricoides eggs.

In this study a total of 33 school children were recruited. They were treated with triple dose of albendazole. Stool sample were collected on days 1 and 7 after treatment followed by cultured for one month . The data were not normally distributed so that the non- parametric test was used Wilxocon Signed Ranks Test.

These results indicate Albendazol given in 3 days in a row is able to reduce the percentage of fertilized eggs in children infected with A.lumbricoides, and followed by the increase percentage of unfertilized eggs after treatment."