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"[ABSTRAKGaster merupakan organ pencernaan yang salah satu fungsinya sebagai penampungmakanan. Keganasan dapat terjadi di sepanjang saluran pencernaan termasuk gaster.Operasi merupakan salah satu modalitas terapi yang dipakai sebagai terapi keganasangaster. Penderita keganasan gaster akan mengalami perubahan status gizi. Data mengenaigambaran status gizi pasien yang menjalani operasi keganasan gaster belum ada diRSCM.Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengumpulkan data rekammedis pada pasien dengan diagnosis keganasan gaster yang menjalani operasi di RumahSakit dr Cipto Mangunkusumo selama periode tahun 2009 sampai dengan 2012.HASILDari 30 pasien yang didiagnosis keganasan gaster , didapatkan data yang lengkap 19(63,3 %). Penderita laki laki, usia tua dan jenis keganasan dominan pada penelitian inisesuai dengan penelitian Leonard A Laisang tahun 2008 dan kepustakaan.5,19Terdapat peningkatan jumlah operasi pada kegansan gaster dari tahun 2009 sampaidengan 2011 namun terjadi penurunan pada tahun 2012. Rerata waktu tunggu operasicukup lama sampai 14,15 hari sedangkan rerata lama rawat 28 hari. Kebanyakan pasienberdomisili di jabodetabek dan sepertiganya dari luar jawa. Jenis operasi kebanyakanadalah parsial gastrektomi baik dengan bypass atau tidak. Perbandingan rerata albumindan IMT saat masuk rumah sakit, sebelum operasi dan setelah operasi mengalamipenurunan. Sedangkan perbandingan rerata Total Limfosit Count saat masuk rumahsakit dan sebelum operasi mengalami penurunan dan meningkat kembali setelah operasi.Pada penelitian ini terdapat dua kali lipat pasien menderita malnutrisi dibandingkanpenelitian oeh Rofi dan Kalis.15,16Kelengkapan data mengenai status nutrisi pada status rekam medis sangat diperlukan.Hasil penelitian bersesuaian dengan kepustakaan dan penelitian sebelumnya.5,19 Lamanyamenunggu operasi dan lama rawat memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk menguranginya.

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ABSTRACTGaster is a digestive organ that is one of its functions as a container for food. Malignancymay occur along the digestive tract, including the stomach. Operation is one that is usedas a therapeutic modality therapy of gastric malignancy. Patients with gastric malignancywill change the nutritional status. Data on the picture of the nutritional status of patientswho underwent surgery for gastric malignancy not yet available at RSCM.METHODThis research is a descriptive retrospective medical record by collecting data on patientswith a diagnosis of gastric malignancy who underwent surgery at the Hospital Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo during the period from 2009 to 2012.THE RESULTOf the 30 patients diagnosed with gastric malignancy, obtained complete data 19(63.3%). Patients men, old age and type of malignancy dominant in this study isconsistent with research Leonard A Laisang 2008 and literature. 5.19There are an increasing number of operations on gastric malignancy from 2009 to 2011but decreased in 2012. The mean waiting time operation long enough to 14.15 days, whilethe average length of 28 days. Most patients live in Jabodetabek and a third from outsideJava. This type of surgery is mostly partial gastrectomy with bypass or not. A comparisonof the albumin and BMI at admission, before surgery and after surgery decreased.Meanwhile, the average ratio of Total Lymphocyte Count on admission and beforesurgery decreased and increased again after the operation. In this study, there are two-foldcompared to patients suffering from malnutrition research by Rofi and Kalis.15,16CONCLUSIONCompleteness of data on nutritional status on the status of medical records is needed.Results consistent with the literature study and research previously.5,19 The waiting list ofsurgery and length of stay require special attention to reduce it.;BACKGROUNDGaster is a digestive organ that is one of its functions as a container for food. Malignancymay occur along the digestive tract, including the stomach. Operation is one that is usedas a therapeutic modality therapy of gastric malignancy. Patients with gastric malignancywill change the nutritional status. Data on the picture of the nutritional status of patientswho underwent surgery for gastric malignancy not yet available at RSCM.METHODThis research is a descriptive retrospective medical record by collecting data on patientswith a diagnosis of gastric malignancy who underwent surgery at the Hospital Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo during the period from 2009 to 2012.THE RESULTOf the 30 patients diagnosed with gastric malignancy, obtained complete data 19(63.3%). Patients men, old age and type of malignancy dominant in this study isconsistent with research Leonard A Laisang 2008 and literature. 5.19There are an increasing number of operations on gastric malignancy from 2009 to 2011but decreased in 2012. The mean waiting time operation long enough to 14.15 days, whilethe average length of 28 days. Most patients live in Jabodetabek and a third from outsideJava. This type of surgery is mostly partial gastrectomy with bypass or not. A comparisonof the albumin and BMI at admission, before surgery and after surgery decreased.Meanwhile, the average ratio of Total Lymphocyte Count on admission and beforesurgery decreased and increased again after the operation. In this study, there are two-foldcompared to patients suffering from malnutrition research by Rofi and Kalis.15,16CONCLUSIONCompleteness of data on nutritional status on the status of medical records is needed.Results consistent with the literature study and research previously.5,19 The waiting list ofsurgery and length of stay require special attention to reduce it., BACKGROUNDGaster is a digestive organ that is one of its functions as a container for food. Malignancymay occur along the digestive tract, including the stomach. Operation is one that is usedas a therapeutic modality therapy of gastric malignancy. Patients with gastric malignancywill change the nutritional status. Data on the picture of the nutritional status of patientswho underwent surgery for gastric malignancy not yet available at RSCM.METHODThis research is a descriptive retrospective medical record by collecting data on patientswith a diagnosis of gastric malignancy who underwent surgery at the Hospital Dr. CiptoMangunkusumo during the period from 2009 to 2012.THE RESULTOf the 30 patients diagnosed with gastric malignancy, obtained complete data 19(63.3%). Patients men, old age and type of malignancy dominant in this study isconsistent with research Leonard A Laisang 2008 and literature. 5.19There are an increasing number of operations on gastric malignancy from 2009 to 2011but decreased in 2012. The mean waiting time operation long enough to 14.15 days, whilethe average length of 28 days. Most patients live in Jabodetabek and a third from outsideJava. This type of surgery is mostly partial gastrectomy with bypass or not. A comparisonof the albumin and BMI at admission, before surgery and after surgery decreased.Meanwhile, the average ratio of Total Lymphocyte Count on admission and beforesurgery decreased and increased again after the operation. In this study, there are two-foldcompared to patients suffering from malnutrition research by Rofi and Kalis.15,16CONCLUSIONCompleteness of data on nutritional status on the status of medical records is needed.Results consistent with the literature study and research previously.5,19 The waiting list ofsurgery and length of stay require special attention to reduce it.]"

"Pada penderita kanker paru terjadi inflamasi sistemik dan dapat dilihat dengan peningkatan rasio netrofil limfosit di mana pemeriksaan ini lazim dilakukan di Rumah Sakit. Inflamasi sitemik dapat menyebabkan anoreksi sehingga asupan pada penderita kanker paru menurun dan memengaruhi status gizinya. Kejadian malnutrisi yang tinggi pada pasien paru dapat berakibat lamanya rawat inap, turunnya kualitas hidup, dan dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan terapi kanker sehingga terapi nutrisi yang cepat dan tepat sangat perlu dilakukan. Salah satu diagnostik status gizi pada penderita kanker yaitu dengan menggunakan kriteria ASPEN yang terdiri dari penurunan asupan, penurunan berat badan, penurunan massa otot dan massa lemak subkutan, akumulasi cairan general atau lokal, dan kapasitas fungsional. Dikatakan malnutrisi jika terdapat dua dari enam kriteria tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan rasio netrofil limfosit pada pasien kanker paru di RSUP Persahabatan. Data diambil dari wawancara, pemeriksaan fisis, pemeriksaan laboratorium, dan rekam medis pasien poliklinik onkologi RSUP Persahabatan (n =52). Pada penelitian ini subjek sebagian besar berjenis laki-laki (61,5%), rentang usia terbanyak antara 50-60 tahun (38,5%), memiliki riwayat merokok (55,8%) dengan indeks Brinkman berat (30,8%). Lebih dari 50% subjek dengan asupan energi dan protein dibawah rekomendasi asupan untuk pasien kanker. Sebagian besar subjek penelitian berisiko malnutrisi atau malnutrisi sedang (38,5%) dan sebanyak 67,3% mengalami malnutrisi. Pada penelitian ini subjek dengan nilai rasio netrofil limfosit tinggi sebanyak 38,5% dan rendah sebanyak 61,5%. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan rasio netrofil limfosit pada penelitian ini (p = 0,35).

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Systemic inflammation in patients with lung cancer can be seen by the increase in the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio where these examinations are common in hospitals. Systemic inflammation can cause anorexia, with the result that nutrition intake of lung cancer patients decreases and affects their nutritional status. High incidence of malnutrition in lung cancer patients can result in length of stay, decreased quality of life, and can affect the treatment of cancer therapy, therefore prompt and appropriate nutritional therapy is essential. One of the diagnostics of nutritional status for lung cancer patients is by using the ASPEN criteria which consist of decreased nutritional intake, weight loss, decreased muscle mass and subcutaneous fat mass, general or local fluid accumulation, and functional capacity. Malnutrition can be seen if there are two of the six criteria. This study is a cross-sectional study which aimed to determine the association between nutritional status and the ratio of lymphocyte neutrophils in lung cancer patients at Persahabatan Hospital. Data were taken from interviews, physical examinations, laboratory analysis, and patients medical records in the oncology polyclinic of Persahabatan Hospital (n = 52). The subjects of the study were mostly male (61.5%), the largest age range was between 50-60 years (38.5%), had a history of smoking (55.8%) with a severe Brinkman index (30.8%). More than 50% of the subjects with energy and protein intake were below the recommended intake for cancer patients. Most of the study subjects were at risk of malnutrition or moderate malnutrition (38.5%) and 67.3% of them were experiencing malnutrition. The subjects with the highest neutrophil lymphocyte ratio value were 38.5% and the lowest value were 61.5%. Overall, there was no relationship between nutritional status and the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocytes in this study (p = 0.35)."

"Pasien dengan tumor lambung post operasi gastrektomi total memiliki risiko malnutrisi karena akan ada perubahan asupan nutrisi pada pasien. Dalam rangka mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi, pasien perlu mendapat edukasi nutrisi yang intensif agar efikasi diri, kepuasaan diri, dan asupan nutrisi pasien tidak mengalami penurunan. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh edukasi nutrisi secara intensif terhadap status nutrisi dan kemunculan dumping syndrome pada pasien post operasi gastrektomi. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan instrumen Malnutrition Screening Tools (MST) menunjukan bahwa pasien tidak berisiko malnutrisi (skor= 2), IMT dalam kategori normal (25 kg/m²), hasil lab menunjukan Hb= 12,8 g/dL, Ht= 36%, dan GDS= 138 mg/dL, dan gejala dumping syndrome tidak muncul. Intervensi edukasi nutrisi secara intensif ini dapat diaplikasikan oleh tenaga kesehatan seperti perawat, dokter, dan ahli gizi sebagai upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi pada pasien post operasi gastrektomi.

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Patients with gastric tumor after total gastrectomy have a risk of malnutrition because there will be changes in nutritional intake. In order to overcome malnutrition, patients need to receive intensive nutrition education so that self-efficacy, self-satisfaction and nutritional intake of patients do not decrease. This paper aims to identify the effect of nutrition education on nutritional status in patients postoperative total gastrectomy. The evaluation results using the Malnutrition Screening Instrument (MST) showed that patients were not at risk of malnutrition (score = 2), BMI in the normal category (25 kg / m2), result of biochemical showed Hb = 12.8 g / dL, Ht = 36%, and GDS = 138 mg / dL, and the dumping symptom syndrome did not occur. This intensive nutrition education intervention can be applied by health workers such as nurses as an effort to prevent the use of malnutrition in patients after total gastrectomy. "

"Kekurangan Energi Protein (KEP) merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di Indonesia yang perlu ditanggulangi. Unicef (1997) menyatakan diperkirakan masih sekitar 6.7 juta anak balita yang menderita KEP total dan sekitar 7 juta anak yang menderita anemi gizi. Berbagai hasil penelitian di Indonesia dan secara nasional menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi gangguan gizi (termasuk gangguan gizi ringan, sedang, dan berat) pada anak, berdasarkan BB/U < -2 SD baku WHO-NCHS, adalah sekitar 40% pada umur 6-11 bulan, dan sekitar 60% pada umur 12-36 bulan. Berdasarkan SKRT tahun 1995 terlihat bahwa prevalensi gizi kurang dan gizi buruk (baku WHO-NCHS) di Jawa Tengah mencapai 10-15%. Hasil tersebut tidak jauh berbeda dengan hasil Susenas 1995 untuk Jawa Tengah yaitu 10.1%. Hasil analisis ulang data antropometri Susenas 1989 s/d 1999 yang bertujuan untuk melihat status gizi balita di Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah krisis, dimana hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada saat krisis prevalensi gizi buruk pada anak usia 6-17 bulan alau 6-23 bulan terutama yang tinggal di desa lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan status gizi anak umur 6-36 bulan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi tersebut sebelum dan saat krisis ekonomi di Jawa Tengah. Disain penelitian adalah comparative cross sectional dimana dua set data cross sectional dibandingkan yaitu sebelum krisis (1995) dan saat krisis (1998). Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 6-36 bulan, dimana jumlah sampel sebelum krisis (4417 sampel) dan pada saat krisis (5267 sampel). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pada saat analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa hanya kelompok 18-36 bulan yang terlihat perbedaan mencolok (meningkat) pada saat krisis dibandingkan dengan sebelum krisis. Sehingga kelompok umur I8--36 bulan yang dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil analisis multivariat sebelum krisis menunjukkan bahwa hanya 4 variabel faktor risiko yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan status gizi anak 18-36 bulan, yaitu status ASI (OR= 0.78), pendidikan ibu rendah (OR= 1.48), sumber air minum (OR= 1.52), dan status diare (OR= 2.10). Sementara pada saat krisis variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi adalah tempat BAB (OR= 1.61), status diare (OR= 1.95), status ISPA (OR= 1.43), pendidikan ayah sedang (OR 1.29), pendidikan ayah rendah (OR=2.20), status ASI (OR= 0.71), dan terjadi interaksi antara pendidikan ayah rendah dengan tempat BAB. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disarankan perlu penelitian yang lebih mendalam khususnya kelompok batita, apakah benar kelompok umur 18-36 bulan yang terkena dampak krisis ekonomi sehingga intervensi yang akan dilakukan tepat kepada sasaran. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan revitalisasi Sistem Kewaspadaan Pangan & Gizi (SKPG) agar dapat mendeteksi lebih awal dan meledaknya gizi buruk pada saat krisis dapat dicegah, penyuluhan, perbaikan suplai air bersih, pengelolaan sanitasi lingkungan.

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Nutritional Status Figure of Children aged 6-36 Months Before and During Economic Crisis and Related to Nutritional Status in Central JavaEnergy and protein malnutrition persists as one of main nutritional problems in Indonesia. Unicef (1997) estimated around 6.7 millions of children still suffering from total energy and protein malnutrition and 7 millions of children from nutritional iron deficiency.

Results from studies in Indonesia showed children malnutrition prevalence (including mild, moderate and severe status) based on standard weight for age (BB/U < - 2 SD) WHO-NCHS, were around 40% for 6-11 months, and 60% for 12-36 months. National household health survey (SKRT) 1995 revealed malnutrition prevalence of mild and severe level (WHO-NCHS standard) in Central Java was 10-15%. This result was not different from Susenas data 1995 in Central Java 10.1 %.

Reanalysis data of anthropometry from Susenas 1989 to 1999 was aimed to look for nutritional status of children before and during the crisis. The results gave information that during the crisis severe malnutrition prevalence of children 6 to 17 months or 6-23 months, especially living in rural area, was higher than of in urban area.

Objective of this study was to examine nutritional status changes of children aged 6-36 months and the factors related to nutritional status before and during economic crisis in Central Java. Design of comparative cross sectional was used in this study which compared two sets of cross sectional data, before (1995) and during crisis (1998). Total sample of children aged 6 to 36 months before the crisis was 4417 and during the crisis was 5267.

Results from univariat analysis revealed only group of children aged 18-36 months was significantly different during the crisis, if this group was compared from before the crisis. Therefore, only this age group was further then analyzed. Multivariat analysis results before the crisis showed only 4 factor variables significantly correlated to nutitional status of 18-36 months children, namely breast milk(ASI) status (OR=0.78), low mother education level (OR=1.48), water drink source (OR=1.52) and diarrhea status (OR=2.10). While during the crisis, variables correlated to nutritional status were BAB (OR=1.61), diarrhea status (OR=1.95), ISPA status (OR=1.43), moderate level education of father (OR=1.29), low level education of father (OR=2.20), breast milk (ASI) status (OR=0.71), and interaction between low level education of father and place for defecation (BAB).

Based on that result, it is needed further study especially for the group of children under three, whether the most hit by economic crisis is children aged 18-36 months. Consequently, it is needed immediate proper intervention to the target group. And then it is necessary to conduct revitalization of Early Warning System of Food and Nutrition (SKPG) in order to be able to detect early outbreak of and to prevent from severe malnutrition during the crisis. Besides it is important also to improve a cleaning water supply, health advocation, and sanitary environment management."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kegiatan posyandu dan status gizi balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Silih Nara Kabupaten Aceh Tengah tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dari hasil wawancara dengan pedoman kuesioner dan observasi dengan pedoman checklist serta data sekunder dari hasil laporan gizi Puskesmas dan register posyandu.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, dengan sampel seluruh posyandu dan kader posyandu aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 96,7% sarana posyandu tidak lengkap, 50,0% posyandu mempunyai kader kurang dari 5 (lima) orang, 83,2% pengetahuan kader kurang, mayoritas kader (93,7%) tidak pernah melakukan penyuluhan gizi, mayoritas kader melakukan PMT Pemulihan kurang dari 90 hari terus menerus, 64,3% kader tidak melakukan tindak lanjut hasil penimbangan, 73,3% posyandu dengan cakupan D/S di bawah target, dan balita dengan status gizi kurang sebanyak 20,86%.Disarankan agar Dinas Kesehatan mendorong kepala puskesmas lebih memperhatikan program promosi kesehatan terutama program posyandu, meningkatkan pengetahuan kader dengan mengadalan pelatihan kader, dan peningkatan sumber daya manusia promosi kesehatan di tingkat puskesmas. Bagi puskesmas diharapkan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas kinerja petugas promosi kesehatan, merekrut kader baru dan melakukan pembinaan berkesinambungan terhadap semua posyandu. Bagi pokja IV PKK agar melakukan pembinaan yang berkesinambungan terhadap kader posyandu, kader dan tokoh masyarakat agar meningkatkan perannya, menambah wawasan dan tokoh masyarakat agar ikut menggerakkan peran serta masyarakat.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the activities overview posyandu and nutritional status of children in the region of Nara Reparation Health Center of Central Aceh District in 2012. This study uses primary data from interviews with questionnaires and observation guidelines with the guidelines checklist and report the results of secondary data from Community Health Center and register posyandu nutrition.The study is a descriptive study, with samples of all posyandu and cadres are active. The results showed 96.7% posyandu no means complete, 50.0% posyandu cadres had less than 5 (five), 83.2% lack of knowledge of cadres, cadres majority (93.7%) have never done nutritional counseling, the majority PMT Recovery cadres do less than 90 days continuously, 64.3% of cadres do not follow up the results of weighing, with coverage of 73.3% posyandu D / S is below the target, and the nutritional status of infants with less as much as 20.86%.Public Health Service recommended that more attention to health centers encourage the head of health promotion programs, especially programs posyandu, increase knowledge for meaningful training cadre to cadre, and the improvement of human resources in health promotion clinic level. For the clinic is expected to increase the quality and quantity of health promotion staff performance, recruiting new cadres and conduct ongoing training for all posyandu. For the working group in order to guide IV PKK continued to posyandu cadres, cadres and leaders in order to enhance its role, adding insight and community leaders to participate mobilize community participation."

"ABSTRAKPasien hemodialisis terjadi peningkatan setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Manajemen hemodialisis salah satunya diet menjadi hal yang sulit untuk dipatuhi oleh pasien hemodialisis. Sulitnya mempertahankan kepatuhan terhadap rekomendasi diet membuat risiko malnutrisi meningkat juga pada pasien hemodialisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepatuhan kepatuhan diet dengan status gizi pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Desain penelitian in merupakan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 121 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Untuk analisis statistik, hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi spearman. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini, yaitu Renal Adherence Behavior Questionnaire untuk mengukur kepatuhan diet dialisis dan Subjevtive Global Assessment untuk mengukur status gizi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan diet dengan status gizi pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis p=0,127 . Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kepatuhan diet tidak memiliki hubungan dengan status gizi pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Meskipun demikian, pengkajian terhadap kepatuhan diet dan status gizi penting untuk dilakukan oleh perawat untuk mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis.

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<ABSTRACTThe increasing number of patients undergoing hemodialysis each year in Indonesia and the difficulty of maintaining adherence to dietary recommendations as one of dialysis management for patients undergoing hemodialysis make the risk of malnutrition increase in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary adherence and nutritional status in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This research design was cross sectional with 121 respondents selected using purposive sampling technique. For statistical analysis, the results of this study used spearman correlation test. Instruments used in this study, namely Renal Adherence Behavior Questionnaire to measure dietary adherence in hemodialysis patients and Subjevtive Global Assessment to measure nutritional status. The results showed that there was no relationship between dietary adherence and nutritional status in patients undergoing hemodialysis p 0.127 . The conclusion of this study is dietary adherence has no relationship with nutritional status in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, assessment of dietary adherence and nutritional status is important for nurses to prevent malnutrition in patients undergoing hemodialysis. "

"ABSTRAKKurang Energi Protein (KEP) sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah gzi utama di Kabupaten Cianjur. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut baik melalui lintas program maupun lintas sektor yang dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya lebih dipertajam ke kantong kantong KEP.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah diketahuinya status gizi balita di Kabupaten Cianjur pada tahun 1996 dan hubungannya dengan tingkat pendidikan ibu, produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), pencapaian program imunisasi campak, program. penanggulangan ISPA, cakupan pencemaran air bersih (PAB), cakupan jamban keluarga (JAGA), dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam. penimbangan (D/S).Studi ini dilaksanakan di 215 posyandu dari 187 desa terpilih dengan perbandingan 164 posyandu dari desa tidak miskin dan 51 posyandu dad desa miskin di seluruh kecamatan yang ada (24 kecamatan). Populasi dan desa miskin di seluruh kecamatan yang ada (24 kecamatan). Populasi dan sampel studi adalah seluruh balita yang ada di posyandu terpilih (215 posyandu).Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa angka kurang energi protein (KEP) pada balita di Kabupaten DT II Cianjur sebesar 19,4%. Tidak ada kecamatan yang tidak memiliki kantong KKP, angka KEP di kantong-kantong KEP tersebut berkisar antara 12% s.d. 59%. Dari uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara prevalensi KEP total dengan pendidikan ibu, penggunaan air bersih, frekuensi diare, dan penggunaan jamban keluarga. Sementara dengan cakupan imunisasi campak, penanggulangan ISPA, PDRB, dan partisipasi rnasyarakat di posyandu tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan.Mengingat hal diatas, hasil studi ini agar dapat dijadikan bahan masukan bagi perencanaan baik untuk program gizi sendiri maupun untuk program penanggulangan penyakit diare (P2 Diare), program penyediaan air bersih, dan jamban keluarga serta perencanaan koordinasi dengan Depdikbud dalam program kejar paket A dan B untuk daerah dengan KEP tinggi harus mendapat prioritas.

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ABSTRACT

Background

Currently, in District of Cianjur the Protein Calorie Deficiency remains as the major nutritional problem. A lot of effort both in inter programs and inter sector of which the implementation is more ficused to the order to overcome the problem.

Aims

The aims of this study is to obtain the under five children nutritional status in the distric of Cianjur in 1996 and its relations to the mother's educational level, Bruto Regional Domestic Product, the achievement of the measles immunization program, the coverage of the use of clean water, the coverage of the family septic tank toilet and people's participation in the body weight scalling

Method

This study is carried out in 215 Posyandus (The Integrated Service Post) from 187 selected villages which consist of 164 posyandu of non poor villages and 51 posyandus of poor villages in whole exiting subdistricts (24 subdistrics). The population and samples for this study are all the under five chlidren in the selected posyandus (215 Posyandu)

Result

The study shows that the rate of Protein Calorie Deficiency of under five children in the Distric of Cianjur is 19,4%. All subdistricts have the 'protein calorie deficiency area with the rate of protein calorie deficiency in these areas range between 12% to 59%. The statistical test shows relation of total prevalence of protein calori deficiency and mother's educational level, the use of clean water, the frequency of diarrhoea and the use of family septic tank toilet. Meanwhile, it shows no relation with the coverage of measles immunization, the upper respiratory tract infection overcoming program, bruto regional domestic product, and people's participation in posyandu.

Considering the above matter, the result of this study could be potential input for planning of nutritional program as well as communicable disease control (diarrhoea), clean water provision program and family septic tank toilet. And for coordinating with Departement of Education and Culture in the elimination of illiteracy program A and B in areas of high rate of protein calorie deficiency should be considered as highest priority."

"Gizi kurang merupakan penyebab sepertiga kematian pada anak. Beberapa tahun terakhir karena meningkatnya harga pangan dan menurunnya pendapatan telah meningkatkan resiko kekurangan gizi terutama dikalangan anak-anak. Penyebab utama masalah gizi kurang adalah kurangnya asupan makanan atau anak menderita infeksi. Sedangkan penyebab tak langsung adalah ketersediaan pangan, pola asuh anak, pelayanan kesehatan, sanitasi dan air bersih. Pada tahun 2009 di Kecamatan Teluk Sampit prevalensi gizi kurus sebesar 21,6%, lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan angka kabupaten yaitu 14,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik ibu, baduta dan keluarga dengan status gizi baduta (6-23 bulan) di Kecamatan Teluk Sampit, menggunakan metode penelitian non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data secara cross sectional. Pengambilan responden sebagai sampel secara simple random sampling.Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan baduta dengan status gizi normal 84%, kurus 14% dan sangat kurus 2%. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan, pendapatan keluarga dan jumlah anggota keluarga dengan status gizi baduta. Pemberdayaan masyarakat perlu dilakukan di wilayah Kecamatan Teluk Sampit dengan mengembangkan sarana dan prasarana, meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan, pelatihan manajemen usaha dan penyediaan lapangan kerja sehingga daya beli masyarakat terhadap pangan meningkat.

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Undernutrition is an underlying cause of about one third child deaths. Over the past year, rising food prices coupled with falling incomes have increased the risk of malnutrition, especially among children. The general cause of the problem malnutrition in the children are lack of food intake and infection. The indirect cause are the availability of food, child care patterns, health services, sanitation and cleaning water. In the year 2009 prevalence of wasted children in Teluk Sampit was 21.6%, higher when compared to East Kotawaringin district that are 14.6%. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between characteristic of mother, child under two years, and families with a nutritional status of under two years children (6-23 months) in Teluk Sampit sub district. Using non-experimental design where data were collected cross sectionally. Respondents were taken using simple random sampling.

Result showed that children under two years with good nutrient were 84%, wasted were 14% and severely wasted were 2%. Bivariate analysis of the finding showed that there was significant correlation between education, family income and family size with nutritional status. This study suggests that community empowerment needs to be done in Teluk Sampit through developing facilities and infrastructure for increasing family incomes by enhanching, their knowledge and skills, income generating, training and provide employment to increase food purchasing power."

"Kekurangan Energi Protein (KEP) pada balita merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang masih menjadi beban bagi negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. KEP pada balita merupakan akibat langsung dari kurangnya asupan zat gizi dan status kesehatan yang buruk karena penyakit infeksi, dan akibat tidak langsung dari ketahanan pangan keluarga, pola asuh anak, pelayanan kesehatan, lingkungan dan faktor yang terdapat pada balita sendiri. Prevalensi KEP di Sumatera Barat menunjukkan trend negatif. Sejak tahun 1995 sampai 2000 terjadi peningkatan prevalensi KEP dari 15,26% menjadi 23%, kondisi aman bertambah berat dengan adanya krisis ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita di Sumatera Barat tahun 2001. Desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Data merupakan hasil Studi Pengembangan Metode Identifikasi Kelompok Masyarakat Miskin di Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Indonesia oleh Puslitbang Gizi dan Bappenas. Populasi adalah keluarga yang memiliki balita di wilayah penelitian Sumatera Barat. Sampel adalah keluarga yang memiliki balita, terpilih sebanyak 821 keluarga yang memiliki balita dan selanjutnya 802 responden yang layak dianalisis. Status gizi dihitung berdasarkan indeks BBJ baku rujukan WHO-NCHS, konsumsi zat gizi dihitung dengan metode semi quantitative food frequency. Variabel dependen adalah status gizi sedangkan variabel independent adalah sosio ekonomi (konsumsi energi per kapita, konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita, persen pengeluaran pangan, kemampuan berobat, kategori miskin), sosio demografi (umur anak, jenis kelamin anak, umur ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita dalam keluarga), dan lingkungan (kondisi fisik rumah, sarana jamban keluarga dan sarana air minum). Analisis data meliputi univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan mean, median, standar deviasi, minimum-maksimum, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Ditemukan prevalensi KEP sebesar 25,9% (18,8% gizi kurang, 7,1% gizi buruk). Variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi balita adalah konsumsi energi per kapita, konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita, umur anak, jenis kelamin anak, dan kondisi fisik rumah. Selanjutnya analisis multivariat menunjukkan variable yang secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan status gizi balita adalah konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita, umur anak dan jenis kelamin anak. Anak umur 37-59 bulan cenderung menderita KEP 8,34 kali anak umur 0-6 bulan, anak umur 13-36 bulan cenderung menderita KEP 10,23 kali anak 0-6 bulan, dan anak umur 7-12 bulan cenderung menderita KEP 3,82 kali anak 0-6 bulan, setelah dikontrol variabel konsumsi protein per kapita, pendapatan per kapita dan jenis kelamin anak. Perlu sosialisasi masalah KEP kepada pengambil kebijakan di lokasi penelitian agar penanggulangannya diprioritaskan; perlu penyuluhan tentang cars mempersiapkan penyapihan, perlu pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dengan memotivasi beternak (ayamlitik), perlu penyuluhan kepada pemuka masyarakat agar anak perempuan lebih diperhatikan (sesuai dengan matrilineal).

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Factors Related to Under Five Years Children's Nutritional Status in West Sumatera in 2001 (Secondary Data Analysis)Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) among under five years children has been one of health problems burdening the developing countries, including Indonesia. PEM among under five years children is a direct consequence of lack of nutrient intake and poor health status due to infectious diseases, and an indirect consequence of family sustenance, child rearing pattern, health care service, the environment, and under five years children's internal factors. Prevalence of PEM in West Sumatera showed negative trend. From 1995 to 2000 the PEM prevalence increased from 15.26% to 23%, and worsened with the economic crisis.

This research aimed to find out what factors were related to under five years children's nutritional status in West Sumatera in 2001. The research design used was cross sectional. The data were results from the Study of Method Development of Impoverished Communities Identification in Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia (Study Pengembangan Metode Identifikasi Kelompok Masyarakat Miskin di Perkotaan dan Pedesaan di Indonesia) conducted by Nutrition Research and Development Center (Puslitbang Gizi) and National Development Planning Board (Bappenas). The population was families with under five years children in the researched area in West Sumatera. The sample was families with under five years children, numbering to 821 families, 802 of whom were fit to be analyzed. The nutritional status was calculated based on WFA index standard reference from WHO-NCHS, and the nutrient intake was calculated using semi quantitative food frequency method.

The dependent variable was the nutritional status, while the independent variables were socioeconomic (energy intake per capita, protein intake per capita, income per capita, percentage of expenses on food, ability to afford medical assistance, poverty line), sociodemographic (child's age, child's sex, mother's age, number of family members, number of under five years children in the family), and environmental (physical condition of the house, family toilet facilities, and drinking water facilities). The data analysis comprised univariate analysis with frequency distribution, mean, median, deviation standard, minimum-maximum; bivariate analysis with chi-square; and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression.

The prevalence of PEM was found at 25.9% (18.8% moderately malnourished, 7.1% severely malnourished). Variables significantly related to under five years children nutritional status were energy intake per capita, protein intake per capita, income per capita, child's age, child's sex, and physical condition of the house. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that variables correlatively related to under five years children's nutritional status were protein intake per capita, income per capita, child's age, and child's sex.

After being controlled with variables of protein intake per capita, income per capita, and child's sex, the risk of suffering from PEM among under five years children aged 37-59 months was 8.34 times higher than that among babies aged 0-6 months; among under five years children aged 13-36 months it was 10.23 times higher than that among babies aged 0-6 months; and among babies aged 7-12 months it was 182 times higher than that among babies aged 0-6 months.

The followings need to be done in dealing with PEM: first, socializing PEM issue to decision makers in the researched area so that its management is prioritized; second, educating mothers about proper weaning; third, empowering the people's economy by encouraging them to raise chickens or ducks; and fourth, educating the local leaders to pay more attention to little girls welfare (which is in accordance with the local matriarchal custom)."

"Kemajuan dalam bidang ekonomi telah memberikan dampak pada terjadinya proses transisi epidemiologi termasuk dalam bidang gizi. Indonesia saat ini dan pada dekade yang akan datang diperkirakan akan menghadapi 2 jenis masalah gizi. Disatu sisi Indonesia masih menghadapi masalah gizi kurang, sementara disisi lain terjadi peningkatan prevalensi penderita gizi lebih terutama di perkotaan. Keadaan gizi kurang atau lebih terjadi karena kegagalan mencapai gizi seimbang. Ditinjau dari konsumsi makanan ternyata keadaan gizi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh total konsumsi energi saja tetapi juga ditentukan oleh komposisi zat gizi yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari.Beberapa pengukuran dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui keadaan gizi seseorang. Khusus untuk pemantauan keadaan gizi orang dewasa, salah satu cara yang dikenal dan sering digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Dengan mengetahui IMT dapat dinilai apakah keadaan gizi seseorang kekurangan berat badan (kurus), normal atau kelebihan berat badan (gemuk). Dalam rangka mengetahui masalah gizi pada orang dewasa, dan menemukan alternatif penanggulangannya terutama di daerah perkotaan, Direktorat Bina Gizi Masyarakat Depkes RI bekerjasama dengan FKM-UI telah melakukan penelitian di 12 kota di Indonesia. Sedangkan data yang dianalisa dalam rangka pembuatan tesis ini adalah merupakan bagian dad penelitian diatas yang mencakup 10 kota di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang lebih berperanan dari berbagai variabel yang diteliti terhadap Status Gizi orang dewasa dengan desain penelitian potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Sedangkan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah orang dewasa yang berumur 18 tahun atau lebih.Penelitian ini melibatkan 11 variabel Independen yaitu faktor-faktor yang diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan status gizi (IMT) pada orang dewasa, variabel tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: umur dan jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, konsumsi makanan, aktifitas fisik , status sosio ekonomi, kebiasaan makan, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan gizi, etnik, dan kebiasaan merokok.Dari seluruh hasil analisa ternyata umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, kebiasaan makan, % konsumsi lemak dari energi, % konsumsi karbohidrat dan energi, status perkawinan, dan tingkat pendidikan, berhubungan secara statistik dengan Status Gizi orang dewasa di 10 kota di Indonesia.Dari variabel yang bermakna ternyata umur, jenis kelamin, % lemak dari energi, dan pola kebiasaan makan mempunyai peranan yang dominan dibanding variabel lainya., Hasil analisis multivariat telah menghasilkan sebuah model yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai peramal status gizi dalam hal ini digambarkan oleh Indeks Massa Tubuh seseorang.Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disampaikan saran bahwa dalam rangka penanggulangan masalah gizi, ada dua faktor yang harus menjadi titik perhatian di dalam penanggulangan masalah gizi lebih yaitu faktor kebiasaan makan dan komposisi konsumsi zat gizi , terutama % lemak dari energi.Kepustakaan : 50 (1971-1996)

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Factors Connected with the Nutritional Status of Adults in 10 Cities in Indonesia in 1996The advancement in economics have given the impact in the transition process of the epidemiologist including in nutrition problem. In Indonesia, today and the coming decade, was estimated to have two kinds of problems in nutrition. In one side Indonesian is still having the under nutrition, while in another side the increase of the over nutrition prevalence occurs especially in the city areas. The under nutrition or over nutrition occurs does to the failure in balancing the nutrition. From the food consumption point of view, it is clear that the nutritional status is not determined by total energy only, but also the composition of the nutrition substance consumed daily.

Several measurements could be used to identify the nutritional status. For a special evaluation of adult the nutritional status, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is one known and commonly used. Using in adults the BMI could estimate under nutrition, normal, or over nutrition. In the frame of identifying the nutrition problems and for finding alternative solutions especially in the city areas. The Directorate of the Community Nutrition and Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia has done a research in 12 cities in Indonesia. The data analyzed for this thesis was part of the above research mainly the ten cities in Indonesia.

This research was intended to see the more significant factors from different variables observed, designed using a Cross Sectional method. The sample in this observation were the 18 years old adults or older.

This research involved 11 variables independents possibly related to the nutrition status (BMI) for adults, those variable as follows : age and sex, marital status, food consumption , physical activities, level of social economics, level of education, food habits, level of nutrition knowledge and health, ethnics, and smoking habits.

This study found out that the age, sex, food habits, percentage of the fat consumption in energy, percentage of carbohydrates from energy, marital status, and level of education are statistically related to the status of nutrition of adults in ten cities in Indonesia.

From the meaningful variables are seen that sex, percentage of fat from the energy, and food habits have dominant roles compared with other variables. The multivariate analysis produced a model, which could be used as a prediction of nutrition status.

It could be suggested for of overcoming the problems of the nutrition, it should be focused in two factors, mainly food habits and the percentage of fat from energy.

References: 50 ( 9971-1996)"