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"[Di era modern ini, terbukanya kesempatan bagi perempuan untuk mengembangkan dirinya semakin terbuk. Saat ini banyak perempuan yang memperhatikan tingkat pendidikannya demi memiliki karier yang baik di dalam dunia pekerjaan. Peningkatan karier perempuan diiringi juga dengan peningkatan penghasilan membuat perempuan memiliki peran lebih dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi di dalam keluarga. Fenomena tersebut kemudian memunculkan istilah alpha wife. Skripsi ini memberikan gambaran mengenai dinamika relasi suami istri dan pengambilan keputusan pada keluarga alpha wife. Di Indonesia, alpha wife tidak hanya memiliki penghasilan lebih besar dari suami, hal tersebut juga mempengaruhi relasi kekuasaan di dalam keluarga. Namun, hubungan di antara keduanya masih tetap dipengaruhi oleh nilai dan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat.

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In this modern era, opening up opportunities for women to develop themselves increasingly exposed. Today women are paying attention to level of education in order to have a good career in the world of work. Career advancement of women followed by an increase in income makes women have a larger role to fulfill the economic needs of the family. The phenomenon then led to the term alpha wife. This thesis provides an overview of the dynamics of husband and wife’s relationship and decision making in alpha wife family. In Indonesia, alpha wife not only who earns more than her husband but it also affects the power relations within family. However, the relationship between husband and wife still influenced by the values and norms in society.

, In this modern era, opening up opportunities for women to develop themselves increasingly exposed. Today women are paying attention to level of education in order to have a good career in the world of work. Career advancement of women followed by an increase in income makes women have a larger role to fulfill the economic needs of the family. The phenomenon then led to the term alpha wife. This thesis provides an overview of the dynamics of husband and wife’s relationship and decision making in alpha wife family. In Indonesia, alpha wife not only who earns more than her husband but it also affects the power relations within family. However, the relationship between husband and wife still influenced by the values and norms in society.

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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang dinamika hubungan istri dengan suami dan keluarga luasnya dalam menghadapi infertilitas dari sudut pandang istri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mewawancarai tiga orang informan. Kriteria informannya adalah mereka yang telah menjalani masa perkawinan minimal lima belas tahun, ingin mempunyai anak, tetapi belum mendapatkannya, dan tidak sedang mengadopsi anak sampai penelitian dilakukan. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa ketidakhadiran anak dalam perkawinan membawa dinamika pada hubungan istri dengan suaminya, maupun istri dengan keluarga luasnya. Dinamika yang terjadi tidak selalu membawa efek negatif seperti perbedaan pendapat ataupun konflik, namun juga memberi efek postif, seperti sikap saling mendukung.

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This study discusses about the dynamics of husband and wife’s relationship and their extended family in facing infertility from wife’s point of view. This study uses qualitative methodology by interviewing three informants. The criteria of the informants are that they have been married at least ten years, they want to have children but they have not had and they are not adopting children when this study is conducting. The finding shows that the absent of children in a marriage causes the dynamic on relation of a wife to her husband and even a wife to her extended family. The dynamic does not always bring negative impact such as: a quarrel or a conflict, but it can also cause positive impact, such as a mutual supporting interaction."

"ABSTRAKSebagai metode kontrasepsi, Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang (MKJP) reversibel (seperti IUD dan Implan) mempunyai keunggulan dibandingkan short term method dan MKJP permanen. Namun, data Survei Demogrfi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) menunjukkan penurunan penggunaan MKJP reversibel dalam jangka waktu 30 tahun (1987-2017). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persetujuan suami dan pengambilan keputusan bersama antara suami istri terhadap penggunaan MKJP reversibel istri. Data SDKI 2017 digunakan dengan unit analisis wanita berstatus kawin yang sedang menggunakan kontrasepsi modern. Dengan menggunakan regresi logistik multinomial, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persetujuan suami berpengaruh positif terhadap penggunaan MKJP reversibel baik jika dibandingkan dengan short term method maupun MKJP permanen, meskipun pengaruh persetujuan suami terhadap peningkatan penggunaan MKJP reversibel (relatif terhadap short term method) tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan. Pengambilan keputusan bersama berpengaruh positif terhadap penggunaan MKJP reversibel dibandingkan short term method. Sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan MKJP permanen, pengambilan keputusan bersama memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap penggunaan MKJP reversibel.

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ABSTRACTAs a contraceptive, Long Acting and Reversible Contraception (LARC), such as IUDs and Implants, has many advantages compared to short term method and Long Acting and Permanent Method (LAPM). Despite these advantages, the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data shows a decrease in the use of the LARC over a period of 30 years (1987-2017). This study aims to investigate the effect of husband's approval and joint decision making between husband and wife on the wife's use of LARC. Data from IDHS 2017 is used with currently married women who are using modern contraceptive methods serves as unit analysis. Using multinomial logistic regression, this study found that husband's approval had a positive effect on the use of LARC both compared to the short term method and LAPM, although husband's approval did not have a significant effect on the use of LARC (relative to the short term method). Joint decision making has a positive effect on the use of LARC compared to the short term method. Whereas when compared with LAPM, joint decision making has a negative effect on the use of LARC."

"Masyarakat Minangkabau adalah masyarakat yang mengunut sistim matrilineal dimana garis keturunan dilihat dari pihak ibu, harta warisan diserahkan kepada anak perempuan dan seorang suami tinggal bersama dalam lingkungan keluarga besar istri. Ibu berperan sentral dalam pendidikan, kesehatan dan kesejahteraan keluarga sedangkan ayah lebih berfungsi sebagai mamak di lingkungan matrilokalnya. Saat ini dalam masyarakat Minangkabau telah terjadi perubahan sosial yang menggeser extended family ke nuclear family. Hubungan suami istri makin dekat sementara hubungan ayah dan anak makin menguat. Di sisi lain, seiring dengan bertambahnya tanggung jawab seorang perempuan Minang terhadap keluarga intinya, perannya dalam keluarga besarnya makin berkurang. Hal ini tidak mustahil telah menyebabkan munculnya fenomena rendahnya kasetaraan jender pada masyarakat Minang seperti yang terjadi pada masyarakat patrilineal. Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimanakah pola pengambilan keputusan antara suami istri di Sumatera Barat, terutama mengenai pemeriksaan kesehatan ibu dan pengobatan medis anak. Di samping itu penelitian ini juga ingin melihat faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi siapa dalam keluarga yang mengambil keputusan terakhir mengenai kedua hal tersebut. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan metode analisis inferensial. Metode analisis deskriptif dilakukan untuk melihat gambaran umum pola pengambilan keputusan di Sumatera Barat dengan membuat tabulasi silang, antara setiap variabel terikat dengan setiap variabel bebas. Metode analisis inferensial digunakan untuk melakukan estimasi parameter dan pengujian hipotesa adanya pengaruh variabel tingkat pendidikan istri, status beketja istri, umur kawin pertama, selisih umur suami istri, jumlah anak masih hidup dan daerah tempat tinggal terhadap cara pengambilan keputusan. Dari hasil penelitian didapat bahwa tingkat pendidikan istri, status bekerja istri dan jumlah anak adalah variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap siapa yang mengambil keputusan mengenai pengobatan medis anak. Sedangkan untuk kawin pertama dan daerah tempat tinggal memiliki hubungan signifikan akan tetapi besar dan arah hubungan tersebut tidak diketahui. Sementara itu tingkat pendidikan istri, status bekerja istri dun selisih umur suami istri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengambil keputusan mengenai pemeriksaan kcsehatan istri. Variabel daerah tempat tinggal berhubungan signifikan dengan besar dan arah hubungan tidak diketahui.

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Minangkabau people is a matrilineal society, where descent and descent-group formation are organizes according to the female line, inheritance property given to daughters, and husband lives at the residence of wife after marriage. In this society, mother has major role in education, health and wealth of the family, while father functions as mamak in his own matrilineal society (due to his mother line).

Nowadays, there is social change in this society from extended family to nuclear family where husband and wife relationship is closer and father and son relationship is stronger. On the other hand, the incrising of mother's responsibility to her nuclear family has decreased her role in her extended family. Therefore it is possible that the social change causes low gender equality in Minangkabau people as occurs in patrilineal society.

The basic aim of the study is to understand the pattem of decision making between husband and wife in West Sumatera especially in mother and child health issue. The study also aims to discuss the factors that effecting one who will be the final decision maker due to this issue. In order to discuss the study, the descriptive analysis and inferential analysis have been undertaken.

Descriptive analysis method is used to see general pattern of decision making in West Sumatera by making cross tabulation between every variable. inferential analysis method has been undertaken to estimate the parameter and hypothesa of the influence of wife education level, wife working status, age at first union, age difference between husband and wife, number of children and region of living on how the decision making is done.

The present paper gives an outline that wife education level, wife working status, and number of children have significant influence on who will make decision of child medical treatment. while age at first union and region of living have significant relation though the size and the direction of it is unknown. On the other side, wife education level, wife working status, age difference between husband and wife have signiiicant influence on medical check up. Region of living has significant relation though the size and the direction of it is unknown."

"Memasuki era industri modern, perempuan mulai memiliki kesempatan untuk masuk dunia kerja. Hal tersebut sedikit banyak telah mempengaruhi kondisi keluarga, dimana keluarga akan berubah sejalan dengan perubahan di lingkungan sekitarnya. Saat ini keluarga modern memiliki bentuk yang bervariasi, salah satu contohnya adalah keluarga stay-at-home dad (SAHD) atau dapat pula kita sebut dengan keluarga bapak rumah tangga. Dalam keluarga SAHD, suami dan istri akan mengalami perubahan peran. Suami dapat bertanggungjawab atas tugas domestik serta pengasuhan anak dan istri dapat berperan sebagai pencari nafkah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, skripsi ini memberikan gambaran tentang fleksibilitas dalam melakukan negosiasi dan pembagian peran antara suami istri pada keluarga SAHD. Ditemukan bahwa di Indonesia, suami yang menjadi SAHD disebabkan karena tersisih dalam pasar kerja. Sehingga belum dapat dikatakan sebagai SAHD yang penuh waktu seperti di negara barat, belum ada komitmen untuk sepenuhnya menjadi SAHD.

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Entered the modern industrial era, women have the opportunity to enter the world of work. This has affected family condition in which the family will adapt with the environment changes arround them. Today, there are various types of modern family, one of those is the stay-at-home dad (SAHD), or in other word is a family where the father is the family household. In SAHD family, husband and wife will have to change their roles. Husband is responsible for domestic tasks while wife’s responsibility is to earn fo their family living. By using a qualitative approach, this thesis provides an overview of flexibility in negotiating and division of roles between husband and wife in SAHD family. It found that in Indonesia, a husband who becomes SAHD due eliminated in the labor market. So it can’t be said as a fully SAHD as in the western countries, there’s no commitment to fully become a SAHD."

"ABSTRAKPerempuan, khususnya yang berkeluarga, memiliki tantangan lebih daripada lakilakidalam mencapai kedudukan tinggi di bank yang memiliki tuntutan kerja yangtinggi. Tantangan tersebut adalah batasan kultural dimana istri harus mengikutikeputusan suami dan bertanggung jawab penuh dalam urusan rumah tangga.Maka menjadi menarik untuk mengetahui bagaimana perempuan berkeluargamampu berkarir di bank sambil menjaga relasi dengan suami. Denganmenggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini mewawancarai secara mendalamtiga pasangan menikah yang istrinya menjadi senior manager di bank sehubungandengan fleksibilitas dan kohesivitas hubungan mereka. Secara umum perempuanberkarir masih belum dapat terlepas dari internalisasi nilai kultur dan agama yangmengedepankan pembagian peran dan tanggung jawab tradisional. Ketigapasangan itu memiliki pemaknaan yang berbeda tentang standar hubungan yangfleksibel dan yang kohesif. Dalam manifestasinya, dinamika relasi terjadi karenaadanya adaptasi dari situasi karir istri. Pola relasi pasangan pertama berubah darichaotic connected menjadi flexible cohesive. Pada pasangan kedua perubahanterjadi dari rigid connected menjadi structured connected, sementara padapasangan ketiga berubah dari chaotic disengaged menjadi flexible cohesive.

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ABSTRACTWomen, particularly married women, have challenges more than men inachieving a superior position in bank that has high demands to they employee.The challenge is cultural limitation where the wife must follow husband’sdecision and fully responsible in household affairs. Then it become interesting tosee how a married women capable of doing her career in the bank whilemaintaining her relation with husband. By using qualitative method, this researchinterview three married couple whose wife being senior manager in a bank aboutflexibility and cohesion of their relationships. In general, career women still can’tdetached from internalization of the cultural and religious value that assure thedivision of traditional role and responsibility. All three couple have differentmeaning about standards of flexible and cohesive relation. In their manifestations,the dynamics of relation occur because adaptation of wives’s career situation.Relation pattern of first pair has changed from chaotic connected to flexiblecohesive. On the second pair, change happened from rigid connected to structuredconnected, while on the third couple the relation transform from chaoticdisengaged to flexibly cohesive."

"Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai fenomena commuter marriage yang dialami oleh pasangan suami-istri yang bekerja dan pelaku migrasi tersebut berasal dari pihak istri. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitiatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan data sekunder. Adapun tahapan yang dilalui oleh kedua pasangan ini, yaitu tahap pengambilan keputusan, tahap awal atau transisi hingga tahap menetap. Agar commuter marriage dapat berjalan dengan baik diperlukan adanya dukungan sosial, baik dari keluarga orientasi, teman kerja hingga Pembantu Rumah Tangga. Mengacu pada tipologi relasi suamiistri menurut Scanzoni & Scanzoni, relasi pada pasangan commuter marriage paling mendekati dengan pola relasi senior-junior partner. Selain itu, penelitian ini menganggap bahwa emotional security atau keamanan emosional berpengaruh terhadap kelanggengan pola relasi yang ada.

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The purpose of this research is to describe about phenomenon of commuter marriage that experienced by spouse who worked and wife become the person who doing the migration. This research using qualitative approach through collecting data; indepth interview, observation, and secondary data. There are some stages that will be faced by the spouses like decision making process, early stage or transition, and the settle stage. In order to make commuter marriage goes well, social supports, as from family, colleagues, even housemaid are necessary. According to the typology of husbandwife relation from Scanzoni & Scanzoni, the closest is senior-junior partner relation pattern. Moreover, this research assume that emotional security take effect to the continuity of the exsisting relation pattern."

"Perselingkuhan dalam kehidupan perkawinan semakin lama semakin marak. Berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, ditemukan bahwa perbandingan suami yang berselingkuh dua kali lipat dari jumlah istri yang selingkuh (Schwartz & Livers, 1998). Perselingkuhan sendiri diartikan oleh Subotnik (2005) sebagai tidak setia, melanggar sumpah atau komitmen bersama. Meskipun ia tidak membatasi perselingkuhan pada perkawinan namun karena adanya ikatan hukum (Malik, 2001) sehingga pelanggaran komitmen pada perselingkuhan dalam perkawinan lebih terlihat jelas.Pada zaman modern ini sebagian besar kehidupan perkawinan didasari oleh rasa cinta antar kedua individu (Dreitzel, 1972; Regan, 2003). Sternberg (1998) mengemukakan bahwa dalam perasaan cinta terdapat tiga elemen; passion, intimacy, dan commitment. Melihat hal tersebut, seharusnya seorang suami yang mencintai istrinya tidak melakukan perselingkuhan karena dalam cintanya ada elemen komitmen. Pertanyaan yang kemudian timbul adalah bagaimana sehingga para suami tersebut, yang mengatakan masih mencintai istri mereka, akhirnya mengambil keputusan untuk berselingkuh? Bagaimanakah gambaran pengambilan keputusan untuk berselingkuh pada suami yang mengaku mencintai istrinya?Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap dua orang partisipan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan mengapa para suami tersebut berselingkuh karena mereka menganggap selingkuh merupakan alternatif solusi masalah mereka yang memiliki nilai positif terbanyak. Selain itu, ada keyakinan bahwa mereka begitu ahli menyembunyikan perselingkuhan tersebut sehingga istri mereka tidak akan tahu.

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More and more married people are interested in committing infidelity recently. Researches found out that the number of husbands who committed infidelity are two times bigger than the number of wives who did it (Scwartz & Livers, 1998) Infidelity is defined by Subotnik (2005) as unfaithfulness, breaking the vows and commitments. Although he does not limit his definition about it only in a marriage but because a marriage is also a legal relationship (Malik 2001), the effect of committing infidelity in a marriage life can be seen more clearly.In this modern era, most marriage life is based on the love between the two individuals (Dreitzal, 1972, Regan, 2003). Sternberg (1998) states than there are three elements in love; passion, intimacy, and commitment. Hence, a husband who loves his wife should not commit infidelity because of his commitment to his wife. The question is, how those husbands, who love their wife, finally decide to go to another woman? How is their thinking process which leads them to finally commit infidelity although they say they love their wife?This research is done by interviewing two participants. The result of it shows that the reason these husbands commit infidelity is because they think that it is an alternative solution to their problems which has the most advantage. They also believe that they can hide it so well that their wife will not find out."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan tentang dialektika pada pasangan suami-istri yang menjalani keputusan childfree serta memperoleh pemahaman akan pola komunikasi pasangan suami-istri dalam menjalani keputusan childfree dan upaya mengelola dialektika yang dilakukan pasangan dalam hubungan pernikahan itu sendiri. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi dengan informan penelitian yang terdiri dari dua pasangan suami-istri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasangan childfree mengalami variasi dialektika dalam analisis internal dan eksternal. Pasangan pertama (P dan R) menghadapi dialektika keterpisahan dan kebersamaan (autonomy-connection), dengan P ingin hidup tanpa anak sementara R ingin memiliki anak. Pasangan kedua (W dan I) menghadapi dialektika kepastian dan ketidakpastian (certainty-uncertainty), dengan W meragukan komitmen childfree mereka karena I menyukai anak kecil. Dalam dialektika eksternal, pasangan childfree menghadapi ketegangan pengungkapan dan penyembunyian (revelation-concealment). Secara umum, pasangan cenderung tidak ingin secara terbuka mengungkapkan pilihan mereka karena adanya stigma negatif masyarakat terhadap childfree. Pada intinya teori dialektika relasional menawarkan diskusi rasional di antara pasangan ketika menghadapi ketegangan terkait menjalani keputusan childfree dari pengaruh secara internal dan eksternal. Diskusi rasional yang dilakukan pasangan adalah dengan mengelola kontradiksi-kontradiksi yang ada secara seimbang. Pengelolaan dialektika internal cenderung menggunakan strategi seleksi dan integrasi berupa reframing, sementara dialektika keterbukaan dan ketertutupan (openness-closedness) menggunakan strategi segmentasi dan diskualifikasi dalam masalah finansial. Dalam dialektika eksternal, pasangan menggunakan strategi netralisasi dan alterasi siklik yang sesuai dengan kategori dialektika yang dihadapi. Upaya kompromi dan pergantian menjadi ciri khas pasangan dalam mengungkapkan dan menyembunyikan (revelation-concealment) keputusan childfree kepada lingkungan sosial.

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This study aims to gain knowledge about dialectics in married couples who undergo childfree decisions and understand the communication patterns of married couples in undergoing childfree decisions and efforts to manage dialectics carried out by couples in the marriage relationship itself. The research method for this study is qualitative with a case study approach. Research data were obtained through in-depth interviews and observations with research informants consisting of two married couples. The results of this study indicate that childfree couples experience dialectical variations in internal and external analysis. The first couple (P and R) face a dialectic of autonomy-connection, with P wanting to live without children while R wanting to have children. The second couple (W and I) face a dialectic of certainty and uncertainty, with W doubting their childfree commitment because I likes small children. In the external dialectic, childfree couples face the tension of revelation-concealment. In general, couples tend not to want to openly express their choices because of the negative social stigma against childfree. In essence, the theory of relational dialectics offers a rational discussion between partners when facing tensions related to making decisions child-free from internal and external influences. The rational discussion conducted by the pair is to manage the contradictions that exist in a balanced way. Management of internal dialectics tends to use selection and integration strategies as reframing, while openness-closedness uses segmentation and disqualification strategies in financial matters. In the external dialectic, the couple uses neutralization and cyclic alteration strategies that are appropriate to the dialectical category they are facing. Attempts to compromise and change are characteristic of couples in revelation-concealment childfree decisions to the social environment."

"Persalinan dan kelahiran merupakan pengalaman berharga yang tidak hanya dialami ibu namun juga dirasakan oleh pasangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perasaan suami saat persalinan pertama istri. Desain yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Pengambilan data sampel 107  suami dari ibu yang sedang dalam masa post partum dengan metode consecutive sampling selama satu setengah bulan. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa Kuopio Instruments of Father (KIF) yang telah diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perasaan positif yang dirasakan suami adalah bangga (98,1%), senang (93,5%), merasa dibutuhkan selama persalinan (88,8%), semakin mencintai istrinya (97,2%), berterima kasih atas perjuangan istrinya (98,1%), tersentuh dengan kelahiran bayinya (95,3%), dan percaya pada tenaga kesehatan yang terlibat (96,3%). Di sisi lain, penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa suami mengalami perasaan negatif disaat yang bersamaan selama persalinan. Perasaan tersebut diantaranya cemas (86%), gugup (61,7%), khawatir tentang bagaimana istri mengatasi persalinan (74,8%), khawatir akan kesehatan bayi mereka (56,1%), dan merasa tenaga kesehatan masih terlihat sibuk (58,9%). Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan, petugas kesehatan harus memberikan dukungan lebih pada suami agar menyiapkan kondisi mental mereka dalam menghadapi persalinan istri. Penelitian ini tidak mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perasaan suami saat persalinan pertama istri sehingga penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan untuk meneliti faktor tersebut.

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Labor and delivery is a valuable experience both for mother and her husband. This study aims to identify the feelings of the husband during the wifes first delivery. The design used is descriptive research. Data collection of 107 husbands from mothers who were in post partum with a consecutive sampling method for one and a half months. The instrument used in the form of a Kuopio Instruments of Father (KIF) has been translated into Indonesian. The results showed that the positive feelings felt by the husband were proud (98.1%), happy (93.5%), felt needed during labor (88.8%), increasingly loved his wife (97.2%), grateful for the struggle his wife (98.1%), touched by the birth of his baby (95.3%), and believed in the health workers involved (96.3%). On the other hand, research also shows that husbands experience negative feelings at the same time during labor. These feelings include anxiety (86%), nervousness (61.7%), worry about how the wife copes with childbirth (74.8%), worry about their babys health (56.1%), and feels the health worker still looks busy (58.9%). The nursing implications of this study prove that health workers need to provide more support to husbands to prepare their feelings in facing childbirth. This study did not identify the factors that influence the feelings of husbands during the first delivery of the wife so further research is expected to examine these factors."