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"Modelling wax is an auxiliary material in acrylic denture fabrication. This material should have standard quality. Many local and imported brand of modelling waxes are distributed in Yogyakarta. The aim of this study is to examine the quality of modelling waxes in Yogyakarta based on international standard. Seven brand of modelling waxes (Rusco tropical, Cavec Tropical, Ruby, SMIC, Anchor Brand Medium, Anchor Brand Hard, and Anchar Brand Medium) were examined by ISO 12163 (ANSI/ADA No. 24) specification. The spesification which were examined were general requirements (uniform shapes, free from foreign materials, smooth sheets, uniform texture, cohere if softened, and uniform dimension), special requirements (color, odor & flafour, softening, trimming, and flaming), and preparation for delivery requirements (packaging and marking). The modelling waxes were stated fulfil the requirements if all 5 samples of each brands were suitable with the specification. The results showed that one brand (Cavec Tropical) fulfilled general and special requirements, 1 brand (SMIC) only fulfilled general requirements, and 3 brands (Rusco Tropical, Ruby, and Anchor Brand Hard) only fulfilled general requirements. No brand fulfilled preparation for delivery requirements. The conclusion of this study was no brand of modelling waxes distributed in Yogyakarta fulfilled all requirements."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kuat rekat geser dan AdhesiveRemnant Index (ARI) dua produk breket metal yang direkatkan dengan satu adesif.Dua puluh gigi premolar atas manusia ditanam pada silinder PVC dengan resinakrilik. Spesimen dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok A: breket metal 3B, Cina+ Transbond XT; kelompok B: breket metal Protect, Cina + Transbond XT (3M,Unitek, Amerika). Dihasilkan rerata kuat rekat geser 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa padakelompok A dan B (p<0,05) dan nilai ARI: 1 dan 2 pada kedua kelompok (p>0,05).Disimpulkan bahwa dua kelompok memiliki nilai kuat rekat geser yang berbedabermakna dengan kegagalan ikatan bersifat kohesifABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to compare in vitro shear bond strength (SBS)and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of two metal bracket products bonded with anadhesive material. Twenty human upper first premolar embedded in acrylic resin.Specimens were divided into two groups, Group A: 3B, China metal bracket +Transbond XT; Group B: Protect, China metal bracket + Transbond XT (3M,Amerika). The mean SBS for Group A and B were 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa and ARI: 1and 2 (p>0,05). It was concluded that the SBS of two groups was significantlydifferent with cohesive bond failure.;The aims of this study were to compare in vitro shear bond strength (SBS)and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of two metal bracket products bonded with anadhesive material. Twenty human upper first premolar embedded in acrylic resin.Specimens were divided into two groups, Group A: 3B, China metal bracket +Transbond XT; Group B: Protect, China metal bracket + Transbond XT (3M,Amerika). The mean SBS for Group A and B were 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa and ARI: 1and 2 (p>0,05). It was concluded that the SBS of two groups was significantlydifferent with cohesive bond failure., The aims of this study were to compare in vitro shear bond strength (SBS)and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) of two metal bracket products bonded with anadhesive material. Twenty human upper first premolar embedded in acrylic resin.Specimens were divided into two groups, Group A: 3B, China metal bracket +Transbond XT; Group B: Protect, China metal bracket + Transbond XT (3M,Amerika). The mean SBS for Group A and B were 6,09 dan 7,91 MPa and ARI: 1and 2 (p>0,05). It was concluded that the SBS of two groups was significantlydifferent with cohesive bond failure.]"

"Skripsi ini memberikan informasi mengenai ketersediaan bahan restorasi gigi plastis di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit di lingkungan kabupaten Bireuen propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) selama Agustus 2007 sampai dengan Agustus 2008. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Amalgam adalah bahan restorasi plastis yang paling banyak tersedia di rumah sakit dan puskesmas di Kabupaten Bireuen. Perlu menjadi perhatian bagi rumah sakit dan puskesmas yang ada di Kabupaten Bireuen adalah penyeragaman harga penambalan pada pasien dengan jenis bahan restorasi yang sama serta merek yang sama. Perlu juga diperhatikan pengadaan ketiga jenis bahan restorasi plastis antara lain amalgam, GIC dan resin komposit oleh Dinkes setempat. Hal ini diperlukan agar tersedianya ketiga jenis bahan restorasi tersebut di setiap rumah sakit dan puskesmas yang ada di Kabupaten Bireuen sehingga memudahkan masyarakat dalam memperoleh perawatan restorasi gigi karena tidak harus dirujuk ke rumah sakit atau puskesmas yang jauh dari tempat tinggalnya.

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This survey give the information about availability of dental restorative materials used at hospitals and public health centers at Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD), especially at Bireuen Regency during August 2007 until August 2008. This research is quantitative descriptive interpretive. Based on the results of the survey, it is identified that the restorative materials used by hospitals and public hospitals at Bireuen Regency, the most preferred one is the Amalgam. It is necessary for hospital and public health centers at Bireuen regency to charge the same prices for the tooth patch with the same type and materials. In addition, local health office is expected to have more attention on the procurement of the three dental restorative materials. It is necessary in order that the materials are always available at the hospitals and public health centers at Bireuen Regency so it will facilitate the local people to obtain tooth patch service. Accordingly, local people will not have to be referred to other hospital and public health centers located far from their houses."

"The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin composite materials to dentin by using different bonding agents. Forty human premolars were selected for the study, and cylindrical posts of either Spectrum TPH and Charisma were bonded vertically to a standard flat dentinal area, prepared on the buccal survace. A chisel-shaped shearing blade, attached to the crosshead of a universal mechanical testing machine. The shear bond strengths to dentin of 10 resin composite-dentin adhesive combinations were measured. The results showed that the bond strength values of dentin bonding agents were not significant (p>0.05). It seems important for clinicians to use the combination of resin composite and dentin bonding agent recommended by the manufacturer."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Jumlah penduduk lansia di kota Depok terus mengalami peningkatan. Lansia memiliki kerentanan terhadap penyakit sistemik maupun gigi dan mulut yang saling berhubungan, salah satunya perubahan kualitas dan kuantitas saliva. Namun, belum ada penelitian dengan subjek lansia mengenai profil saliva yang dilakukan di kota Depok. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil saliva antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik, medikasi dan persepsi serostomia pada lansia di kota Depok. Metode: Studi analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada subjek berusia ge; 60 tahun yang berdomisili di Depok. Subjek diperiksa volume saliva tanpa stimulasi, terstimulasi, derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar. Subjek menjawab kuesioner Fox mengenai serostomia dan kuesioner tentang penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney-U, Kruskal Wallis dan korelasi Spearman ?=5 . Hasil: Jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan dengan laju alir saliva, tetapi derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar tidak. Tidak terdapat perbedaan profil saliva antar kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Koefisien korelasi antara serostomia dengan laju alir terstimulasi lebik kuat 0,426 dibanding tanpa stimulasi 0,303 . Kesimpulan: Laju alir saliva memiliki perbedaan bermakna antara laki-laki dan perempuan, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar tidak berbeda bermakna antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Persepsi serostomia berhubungan dengan laju alir saliva.

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ABSTRACTLatar Belakang Jumlah penduduk lansia di kota Depok terus mengalami peningkatan. Lansia memiliki kerentanan terhadap penyakit sistemik maupun gigi dan mulut yang saling berhubungan, salah satunya perubahan kualitas dan kuantitas saliva. Namun, belum ada penelitian dengan subjek lansia mengenai profil saliva yang dilakukan di kota Depok. Tujuan Mengetahui profil saliva antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik, medikasi dan persepsi serostomia pada lansia di kota Depok. Metode Studi analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada subjek berusia ge 60 tahun yang berdomisili di Depok. Subjek diperiksa volume saliva tanpa stimulasi, terstimulasi, derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar. Subjek menjawab kuesioner Fox mengenai serostomia dan kuesioner tentang penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis dan korelasi Spearman 5 . Hasil Jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan dengan laju alir saliva, tetapi tidak pada pada derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar. Tidak terdapat perbedaan profil saliva antar jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi yang dikonsumsi subjek. Koefisien korelasi antara serostomia dengan laju alir terstimulasi lebik kuat 0,426 dibanding laju alir tanpa stimulasi 0,303 . Kesimpulan Laju alir tanpa stimulasi dan terstimulasi, memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara laki laki dan perempuan, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna antar kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Derajat keasaman dan kapasitas dapar tidak berbeda bermakna antar jenis kelamin, kelompok usia, jenis penyakit sistemik dan medikasi. Persepsi serostomia berhubungan dengan laju alir saliva. "

"Tren terbaru estimasi PMI melalui data gigi adalah dengan mengamati perubahan yang terjadi pada material kedokteran gigi. Perubahan material yang ada di dalam rongga mulut dipengaruhi oleh durasi korban terpapar lingkungan tempat tubuh mereka ditinggalkan. Salah satu lingkungan adalah jika korban terkubur di dalam tanah. Analisis perubahan fisik material pasca penguburan yang dapat diamati antara lain perubahan warna dan perubahan mekanis seperti microhardness. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis apakah perubahan material tumpatan resin komposit yang terkubur dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasi PMI pada kasus jasad terkubur. Tiga puluh lima spesimen gigi premolar manusia dipreparasi dan direstorasi dengan material resin komposit nanohibrida (warna A3.5, Filtek Z250 XT, 3M, USA). Spesimen dibagi menjadi 1 kelompok kontrol dan 6 kelompok perlakuan yang akan dikubur selama 3 bulan di Gadog (Jawa Barat, Indonesia). Penggalian spesimen dari dalam tanah dilakukan dalam interval 2 minggu, lalu dilakukan foto klinis, uji stabilitas warna (CIE*Lab) dengan alat colorimeter, dan Knoop microhardness. Data diolah menggunakan software Microsoft Excel dan SPSS dengan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan warna yang tidak signifikan (p>0,05) untul nilai ΔE, ΔL, Δa, dan Δb. Terdapat perubahan microhardness yang signifikan (p<0,05) untuk semua kelompok kecuali minggu ke-12. Namun, pola perubahan yang terjadi seiring waktu masih kurang jelas untuk semua hasil pengujian. Meskipun terlihat adanya perubahan pada material resin komposit pasca penguburan, tampaknya analisis perubahan warna dan microhardness masih belum menjanjikan untuk dijadikan dasar estimasi PMI yang akurat dan spesifik.

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A recent trend in PMI estimation through dental data is to observe the changes that occur in dental materials. This is because the changes in the material should be related to the time in which the material inside the victim's oral cavity is exposed to the surrounding environment where the body is left out. One of the scenarios is a buried victim in soil. Some of the ways to analyze the physical changes that occured after burial are changes in color and mechanical properties such as microhardness. The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes that can occur to a buried resin composite filling material, and then determine what changes can be used to estimate PMI. 35 human premolar tooth specimens were prepared and restored with nanohybrid resin composite material (A3.5 color, Filtek Z250 XT, 3M, USA). They are divided into 1 control group and 6 groups that will be buried for 3 months in Gadog (West Java, Indonesia). Specimens are excavated in 2 weeks interval, and then examined for clinical photos, color stability (CIE*Lab) with a colorimeter, and Knoop microhardness. Data is processed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software with ANOVA test. There were changes, albeit statistically insignificant, in color changes (p>0,05) for values ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb. On the other hand, there was a significant change in microhardness number (p<0,05) for all groups except the 12th week. However, the pattern in relation to change over time is still not clear for all results. Although changes are seen in post-burial composite resin material, it seems that changes in color stability and microhardness is still far from being used as the basis of an accurate and specific PMI estimation"

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi denture stomatitis pada pengguna gigi tiruan dengan basis cukup tinggi. Tujuan: Mengamati pengaruh kekasaran bahan basis gigi tiruan terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Kekasaran spesimen diukur menggunakan surface roughness tester. Spesimen dicelupkan ke dalam eppendorf tube modifikasi berisi Streptococcus mutans dengan durasi inkubasi 12 jam dan 24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan Korelasi Bivariat (Pearson). Hasil: Terdapat hubungan kuat positif antara pemolesan bahan basis gigi tiruan dengan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Kesimpulan: Penurunan nilai kekasaran permukaan setelah dilakukan pemolesan pada bahan basis gigi tiruan metal, resin akrilik, dan valplast, akan diikuti dengan penurunan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans.

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Introduction: The prevalence of denture stomatitis is high in denture wearers.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to observe the effect of surface roughness of denture base materials to the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Methods: Surface roughness was measured by using surface roughness tester. Specimens were dipped into the eppendorf tube containing Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 12 and 24 hours. Statistical analysis was conducted by Bivariate Correlation (Pearson).

Results: There is a strong positive correlation between polishing denture base material with the amount of Streptococcus mutans.

Conclusion: The decrease in the value of surface roughness after polishing the denture base metal, acrylic resin, and valplast is followed by the decrease in amount of Streptococcus mutans."

"Magnesium merupakan pilihan material yang dapat digunakan sebagai material implan tulang dengan karakteristik yang mirip dengan tulang, merupakan elektrolit normal dalam tubuh, memiliki harga yang ekonomis, dan bersifat dapat terdegradasi. Namun magnesium memiliki keterbatasan yaitu memiliki tingkat korosi yang tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan resistensi korosi dan memperbaiki sifat mekanis dikembangkan berbagai metode, salah satunya adalah proses Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Persyaratan utama sebagai material implan tulang adalah bersifat biokompatibel. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi karakteristik biokompatibilitas magnesium yang telah melalui proses ECAP secara in vitro. Metode: Karakteristik biokompatibilitas magnesium ECAP dievaluasi melalui uji toksisitas terhadap sel osteoblas menggunakan MTT Assay, analisis logam berat yang terkandung di dalamnya dengan perhitungan paparan akumulatif logam berat berdasarkan provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI),serta uji sterilitas setelah melalui proses sterilisasi menggunakan autoclave. Hasil:Tingkat proliferasi sel osteoblas dengan pemberian ekstrak magnesium ECAP lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Logam berat yang dihitung paparan akumulatifnya adalah aluminium, arsen, timbal, kadmium, dan merkuri. Paparan akumulatif logam berat 100% pada penggunaan magnesium ECAP 11,8297 g. Pada uji steriitas tidak ditemukan adanya pertumbuhan bakteri pada tiap tahapan pengujian. Kesimpulan: Magnesium ECAP bersifat tidak toksik, dan dapat merangsang pertumbuhan sel osteoblas dengan batas penggunaan maksimum11,8297 g, serta steril.

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Magnesium is the choice of material for bone implant with characteristic similiar to the bone, one of the normal elctrolytes in the body, have economical price, and degradable. However magnesium has limitation which is

high corosity rate. To improve corosion resistance and mechanical properties, many methods proposed, one of them is the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). The important requirement for bone implant material is biocompatible. Purpose: To evaluate the biocompatibility of magnesium through Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process in vitro. Method: Biocompatibility characteristics of magnesium ECAP was evaluated by toxicity test using MTT assay, analysis of heavy metals in magnesium ECAP by accumulative heavy metal exposure based on provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), also sterility test after sterilized using autoclave. Results: Cell proliferation rate in magnesium extract treatment group was higher than the control group. The heavy metals count for accumulative exposure were aluminium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury. Hundred percent of accumulative exposure was on the use of 11.8297 g magnesium ECAP. In sterility test there was no evidence of bacterial growth in every part of the test. Conclusion: Magnesium ECAP is not toxic and able to induce proliferation of osteoblast with maximum dose is 11.8297 g, and also proved sterile after sterilization using autoclave."

"Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture toughness of a microhybrid and a flowable microhyrid resin composites. Methods. Test specimens (30x15x2)mm made of amicrohybrid and a flowable microhybrid were prepared in a double torsion mould and were then polymerized for 20 seconds using a light-curing device. Taken out from the mould, the specimens were than soaked in disfilled water (37°C) for 1 hour and then fractured in a double-torsion technique. t-Test was used to test significance difference between the microhybrid and flowable microhybrid resin composites. Result. The use of double-torsion technique resulted in crack initition and crack arrest which revealed Klc of 1.14 MN/m3/2 and 1.045 MN/m3/2 for the microhybrid and the flowable microhybrid resin composites, respectively. Both resin composites were insignificantly different in the fracture toughness values showed by t–Test. Conclusions. The present study suggested that there was no significant difference between the microhybrid and the flowable microhybrid resin composites tested. It appreared that filler fraction might not affect the fracture toughness of the resin composties tested."