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"ABSTRAKBerdasarkan data dari Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM, jumlah usaha kecil menengah Indonesia pada tahun 2013 berjumlah 99,99% dari jumlah unit usaha dengan kontribusi terhadap PDB sebesar 60,34%. Sayangnya, UMKM seringkali mengalami kesulitan dalam mengakses sumber daya, salah satunya sumber daya permodalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan panel data dari 124 bank yang ada di Indonesia sejak tahun 2008 hingga tahun 2014. Dengan menggunakan metode fixed effect, random effect dan GMM, penelitian ini diharapkan mampu melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi pembiayaan UMKM pada perbankan syariah. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa aspek syariah, moneter dan ukuran bank memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pembiayaan usaha mikro kecil menengah pada perbankan di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTBased on data from the Cooperatives and SMEs Ministry, the number of Indonesian small and medium enterprises in 2013 was 99.99% of the total business units with contribution until 60.34% of GDP. However, SMEs mostly have difficult in accessing resources which one of them was capital resource. This study uses panel data of 124 banks in Indonesia from 2008 to 2014. By using random effect and GMM methods, this study tried to assess the factors that influence the banks preference for fiancing SMEs, especially in Islamic banking. The results of this study indicate that aspects of sharia, monetary and bank size have significant impact on SME financing Indonesian banking."

"Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah mempunyai peran besar dan memiliki potensi sebagai alat penunjang dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Perbankan masih dianggap kurang dalam menyalurkan kredit kepada UMKM. Bank Syariah dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif bagi perkembangan UMKM untuk memecahkan masalah akses pembiayaan karena saat ini pembiayaan yang disalurkan oleh bank syariah didominasi oleh pembiayaan kepada UMKM. Dengan pertimbangan tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembiayaan yang disalurkan oleh bank syariah di Indonesia. Data Penelitian ini diolah menggunakan program Eviews 6.0 dengan metode data panel dan hasil penelitian menjelaskan ROA, NPF, dan PDB tidak mempengaruhi porsi pembiayaan mikro, kecil, dan menengah yang disalurkan sedangkan ukuran bank (size) signifikan mempengaruhi dengan prob. sebesar 0.0002.

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises has a big role and has potential as a means of supporting the growth of the national economy. Banking is still considered to be less in lending to MSMEs. Islamic Banking can be used as an alternative for the development of SMEs to solve the problem of access to financing due to the current financing disbursed by Islamic banks dominated financing to SMEs. with these considerations, the aim of this study is to discuss the factors that influence the financing disbursed by Islamic banks in Indonesia.

The research data was processed using Eviews 6.0 program with panel data methods and results of the study describes the ROA, NPF, and GDP does not affect the portion of financing micro, small, and medium enterprises. Whereas bank size (size) significantly positive affect with a probability of 0.0002."

"Transformasi Facebook, Instagram, dan Tiktok yang semulanya digunakan untuk bersosialisasi kini telah dimanfaatkan sebagai social commerce (s-commerce) untuk berjualan. Ketiga platform tersebut berhasil menduduki posisi s-commerce dengan popularitas tertinggi namun sayangnya belum banyak UMKM yang memanfaatkannya untuk meningkatkan proses bisnis mereka. Kebutuhan UMKM dieksplorasi menggunakan technology affordance untuk meningkatkan perilaku intensi penggunaan s-commerce dari UMKM yang kemudian diintegrasikan dengan model Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi intensi perilaku penggunaan s-commerce pada UMKM. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method dengan 10 responden wawancara daring dan 470 responden kuesioner dimana kedua jenis narasumber merupakan pelaku UMKM yang telah menggunakan s-commerce untuk menunjang kegiatan bisnisnya. Didapatkan lima konstruk technology affordance dari s-commerce, diantaranya adalah metavoicing, brand visibility, monitorability, customer shopping guidance, dan association. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa relative advantage, compatibility, dan complexity berhasil memengaruhi intensi perilaku penggunaan s-commerce oleh UMKM secara signifikan. Relative advantage dan complexity sama-sama dipengaruhi oleh seluruh aspek technology affordance, namun relative advantage dipengaruhi paling kuat oleh brand visibility sedangkan complexity dipengaruhi paling kuat oleh customer shopping guidance. Berbeda dengan relative advantage dan complexity, compatibility hanya memiliki tiga aspek technology affordance yang memengaruhi secara signifikan, yaitu metavoicing, brand visibility, dan customer shopping guidance. Pengembangan lanjutan dari penelitian ini dapat memperdalam kegunaan platform s-commerce serta memberikan implikasi berupa saran pengembangan fitur enhanced chat bot, katalog, dan kustomisasi ads agar dapat dikembangkan sesuai kebutuhan pengguna.

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The transformation of Facebook, Instagram and Tiktok, which were originally used for socializing, has now been used as social commerce (s-commerce) for sales. The three platforms successfully occupied s-commerce's position with the highest popularity but unfortunately not many MSME have used it to improve their business processes. MSME’s need are explored using state-of-the-art of technology affordance to build s-commerce behavior from MSME, then integrated with Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) models to identify factors that influence the behavioral intention to use s-commerce in MSMEs. This study was conducted using a mixed-method approach of 10 online interview respondents and 470 online questionnaire respondents whom both types of respondents are MSME actors who are likely to used s-commerce to support their business activities. Five technology affordance constructs were obtained from s-commerce, including metavoicing, brand visibility, monitorability, customer shopping guidance, and association. Furthermore, quantitative data processing used the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square called PLS-SEM method. The results of the quantitative analysis show that relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity have succeeded in significantly influencing the behavioral intention to use s-commerce by MSMEs. Relative advantage and complexity are both influenced by all aspects of technology affordance, but relative advantage is most strongly influenced by brand visibility while complexity is most strongly influenced by customer shopping guidance. In contrast to relative advantage and complexity, compatibility has only three aspects of technology affordance that significantly affect them, namely metavoicing, brand visibility, and customer shopping guidance. Further development of this research can deepen the use of s-commerce platforms and provide implications in the form of suggestions for developing enhanced chat bot features, catalogs, and ad customization so that they can be developed according to user needs."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi akses ke jasa keuangan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari World Bank Enterprise Survey dan melibatkan 881 UMKM dari sembilan provinsi di Indonesia sebagai sampel penelitian. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dalam menentukan determinan kesuksesan perolehan pinjaman menggunakan metode regresi logistik biner data cross-section. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyertaan laporan keuangan, pemberian jaminan, usia usaha, penjualan usaha, dan jenis kepemilikan usaha secara signifikan mampu memengaruhi akses ke jasa keuangan UMKM di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mendiskusikan implikasi dari hasi penelitian baik bagi pembuat kebijakan, pelaku industri, dan akademisi

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This study discusses several factors that affect the access to finance among micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. The study utilizes secondary data from World Bank Enterprise Survey and involved 881 MSMEs from nine provinces in Indonesia as the research sample. The hypothesis testing regarding the determinants of obtaining access to external finance is carried out using the binary logistic regression and cross section data. The results of this study indicate that the financial statements lending, the provision of collateral, firm age, firm revenues, and firm ownership significantly influence access to external finance of Indonesian MSMEs. This study also discusses the implications of the results both for policy makers, industry players, and academics."

"Transformasi Facebook, Instagram, dan Tiktok yang semulanya digunakan untuk bersosialisasi kini telah dimanfaatkan sebagai social commerce (s-commerce) untuk berjualan. Ketiga platform tersebut berhasil menduduki posisi s-commerce dengan popularitas tertinggi namun sayangnya belum banyak UMKM yang memanfaatkannya untuk meningkatkan proses bisnis mereka. Kebutuhan UMKM dieksplorasi menggunakan technology affordance untuk meningkatkan perilaku intensi penggunaan s-commerce dari UMKM yang kemudian diintegrasikan dengan model Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi intensi perilaku penggunaan s-commerce pada UMKM. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method dengan 10 responden wawancara daring dan 470 responden kuesioner dimana kedua jenis narasumber merupakan pelaku UMKM yang telah menggunakan s-commerce untuk menunjang kegiatan bisnisnya. Didapatkan lima konstruk technology affordance dari s-commerce, diantaranya adalah metavoicing, brand visibility, monitorability, customer shopping guidance, dan association. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa relative advantage, compatibility, dan complexity berhasil memengaruhi intensi perilaku penggunaan s-commerce oleh UMKM secara signifikan. Relative advantage dan complexity sama-sama dipengaruhi oleh seluruh aspek technology affordance, namun relative advantage dipengaruhi paling kuat oleh brand visibility sedangkan complexity dipengaruhi paling kuat oleh customer shopping guidance. Berbeda dengan relative advantage dan complexity, compatibility hanya memiliki tiga aspek technology affordance yang memengaruhi secara signifikan, yaitu metavoicing, brand visibility, dan customer shopping guidance. Pengembangan lanjutan dari penelitian ini dapat memperdalam kegunaan platform s-commerce serta memberikan implikasi berupa saran pengembangan fitur enhanced chat bot, katalog, dan kustomisasi ads agar dapat dikembangkan sesuai kebutuhan pengguna.

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The transformation of Facebook, Instagram and Tiktok, which were originally used for socializing, has now been used as social commerce (s-commerce) for sales. The three platforms successfully occupied s-commerce's position with the highest popularity but unfortunately not many MSME have used it to improve their business processes. MSME’s need are explored using state-of-the-art of technology affordance to build s-commerce behavior from MSME, then integrated with Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) models to identify factors that influence the behavioral intention to use s-commerce in MSMEs. This study was conducted using a mixed-method approach of 10 online interview respondents and 470 online questionnaire respondents whom both types of respondents are MSME actors who are likely to used s-commerce to support their business activities. Five technology affordance constructs were obtained from s-commerce, including metavoicing, brand visibility, monitorability, customer shopping guidance, and association. Furthermore, quantitative data processing used the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square called PLS-SEM method. The results of the quantitative analysis show that relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity have succeeded in significantly influencing the behavioral intention to use s-commerce by MSMEs. Relative advantage and complexity are both influenced by all aspects of technology affordance, but relative advantage is most strongly influenced by brand visibility while complexity is most strongly influenced by customer shopping guidance. In contrast to relative advantage and complexity, compatibility has only three aspects of technology affordance that significantly affect them, namely metavoicing, brand visibility, and customer shopping guidance. Further development of this research can deepen the use of s-commerce platforms and provide implications in the form of suggestions for developing enhanced chat bot features, catalogs, and ad customization so that they can be developed according to user needs."

"Transformasi Facebook, Instagram, dan Tiktok yang semulanya digunakan untuk bersosialisasi kini telah dimanfaatkan sebagai social commerce (s-commerce) untuk berjualan. Ketiga platform tersebut berhasil menduduki posisi s-commerce dengan popularitas tertinggi namun sayangnya belum banyak UMKM yang memanfaatkannya untuk meningkatkan proses bisnis mereka. Kebutuhan UMKM dieksplorasi menggunakan technology affordance untuk meningkatkan perilaku intensi penggunaan s-commerce dari UMKM yang kemudian diintegrasikan dengan model Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi intensi perilaku penggunaan s-commerce pada UMKM. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method dengan 10 responden wawancara daring dan 470 responden kuesioner dimana kedua jenis narasumber merupakan pelaku UMKM yang telah menggunakan s-commerce untuk menunjang kegiatan bisnisnya. Didapatkan lima konstruk technology affordance dari s-commerce, diantaranya adalah metavoicing, brand visibility, monitorability, customer shopping guidance, dan association. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa relative advantage, compatibility, dan complexity berhasil memengaruhi intensi perilaku penggunaan s-commerce oleh UMKM secara signifikan. Relative advantage dan complexity sama-sama dipengaruhi oleh seluruh aspek technology affordance, namun relative advantage dipengaruhi paling kuat oleh brand visibility sedangkan complexity dipengaruhi paling kuat oleh customer shopping guidance. Berbeda dengan relative advantage dan complexity, compatibility hanya memiliki tiga aspek technology affordance yang memengaruhi secara signifikan, yaitu metavoicing, brand visibility, dan customer shopping guidance. Pengembangan lanjutan dari penelitian ini dapat memperdalam kegunaan platform s-commerce serta memberikan implikasi berupa saran pengembangan fitur enhanced chat bot, katalog, dan kustomisasi ads agar dapat dikembangkan sesuai kebutuhan pengguna.

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The transformation of Facebook, Instagram and Tiktok, which were originally used for socializing, has now been used as social commerce (s-commerce) for sales. The three platforms successfully occupied s-commerce's position with the highest popularity but unfortunately not many MSME have used it to improve their business processes. MSME’s need are explored using state-of-the-art of technology affordance to build s-commerce behavior from MSME, then integrated with Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) models to identify factors that influence the behavioral intention to use s-commerce in MSMEs. This study was conducted using a mixed-method approach of 10 online interview respondents and 470 online questionnaire respondents whom both types of respondents are MSME actors who are likely to used s-commerce to support their business activities. Five technology affordance constructs were obtained from s-commerce, including metavoicing, brand visibility, monitorability, customer shopping guidance, and association. Furthermore, quantitative data processing used the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square called PLS-SEM method. The results of the quantitative analysis show that relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity have succeeded in significantly influencing the behavioral intention to use s-commerce by MSMEs. Relative advantage and complexity are both influenced by all aspects of technology affordance, but relative advantage is most strongly influenced by brand visibility while complexity is most strongly influenced by customer shopping guidance. In contrast to relative advantage and complexity, compatibility has only three aspects of technology affordance that significantly affect them, namely metavoicing, brand visibility, and customer shopping guidance. Further development of this research can deepen the use of s-commerce platforms and provide implications in the form of suggestions for developing enhanced chat bot features, catalogs, and ad customization so that they can be developed according to user needs."

"ABSTRAKDalam tesis ini Penulis mengangkat topik analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan UKM (EAT dan EBITDA) di Pulau Jawa. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder terhadap 4.196 UKM. Hasil analisis terhadap EAT tampak bahwa variabel persediaan uang kas, piutang usaha, persediaan barang, Cash Coverage Ratio serta jenis usaha memiliki pengaruh positif, namun kolektibilitas kredit, ketergantungan terhadap pemasok/pelanggan , forex dan suku bunga berpengaruh negatif. Hasil analisis terhadap EBITDA tampak bahwa persediaan uang kas, piutang usaha, persediaan barang, bentuk usaha, jaminan kredit dan jenis usaha memiliki pengaruh positif, namun forex berpengaruh negatif. Dengan demikian, hanya melihat dari kinerja operasional pun sudah dapat memprediksi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan UKM

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ABSTRACTIn this thesis, author raised the topic analysis of factors that influence the financial performance of SMEs (EAT and EBITDA) in Java. Analysis were performed using secondary data on 4.196 SMEs . Analysis of EAT appears that the variable cash supply, accounts receivable , inventory , Cash Coverage Ratio and type of business have positive effect, but collectibility of the loans , dependence on suppliers / customers , forex and interest rates have negative influence . Analysis of EBITDA appears that cash supply, accounts receivable , inventory , establishment , credit guarantee and type of business have positive effect , but forex has negative effect. Thus, operational performance able to predict the factors which will affect the financial performance of SMEs."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesuksesan usaha kecil menengah (UKM) di Jakarta seperti yang dilakukan oleh Chittithaworn dalam penelitiannya di Thailand. Delapan faktor digunakan sebagai penentu kesuksesan usaha UKM antara lain entrepreneur characteristics, management and know-how, products and services, customer and market, the way of doing business and cooperation, resource and fiinance, strategy, and external environment. Responden penelitian ini adalah 99 pemilik dan pengelola UKM yang berada di wilayah Jakarta. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap delapan hipotesis berdasarkan hasil dari estimasi analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi kesuseksesan usaha UKM di Jakarta adalah entrepreneur characteristics, products and services, the way of doing business and cooperation, resource and finance, dan external environment. Sedangkan ketiga faktor lainnya tidak signifikan mempengaruhi kesuksesan usaha UKM di DKI Jakarta.

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This research aims to determine the factors that are affecting perceived business sucess of SMEs in Jakarta as sugested by Chittithaworn who conducted research in Thailand. Eight factors are used as determinant of business success which are entrepreneur characteristics, management and know-how, products and services, customer and market, the way of doing business and cooperation, resource and fiinance, strategy, and external environment. Research respondents are 99 owners or managers from SMEs who operate their business in Jakarta. Eight hypotheses research model is then tested with based on estimation result from regression analysis. The result shows that significant factors affecting business success of SMEs in Jakarta were entrepreneur characteristics, products and services, the way of doing business and cooperation, resource and finance, external environment. While the three other factors were not significant to business success of SMEs in Jakarta."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak kebijakan makroprudensial terkait rasio pembiayaan sektor UMKM terhadap pertumbuhan kredit dan NPL UMKM pada setiap bank. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis panel data dengan model generalized least square kepada data keuangan 40 bank konvensional terbuka sebagai observasi selama periode 2012 hingga 2021 dengan pertumbuhan kredit dan NPL UMKM adalah sebagai variabel dependen serta kebijakan, karakteristik bank dan faktor-faktor makroekonomi adalah sebagai variabel independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan berdampak positif kepada pertumbuhan kredit dan NPL UMKM. Temuan-temuan dalam penelitian ini menyarankan kepada OJK dan BI untuk melakukan evaluasi kembali syarat target pemenuhan rasio pembiayaan UMKM.

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The aim of this research is to identify the impact of macroprudential policy related to the financing ratio for MSME to each bank’s MSME credit growth and NPL. This research used a panel data analysis using the generalized least square model conducted on the financial data of 40 public conventional banks for the observation during the period from 2012 to 2021 with MSME’s credit growth and NPL as the dependent variables and the policy, bank’s characteristics, and macroeconomic factors as independent variables. The results reveals that the policy positively affects MSME’s credit growth and NPL. The findings of this research inquire regulator to re-evaluate the requirement target to achieve minimum financing MSME ratio."

"Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), yang diharapkan berperan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, masih menghadapi berbagai masalah terutama masalah permodalan. Tesis ini membahas pengaturan prinsip KYC oleh bank terhadap UMKM, dan bagaimana mekanisme pemberian kredit kepada UMKM serta kendala-kendala apa saja yang dihadapi oleh UMKM Pakaian Jadi di Pasar Tanah Abang dalam memperoleh pembiayaan dari bank. Metode penelitian hukum normatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan prinsip KYC dilaksanakan dengan ketat oleh bank dan sama untuk semua nasabah termasuk UMKM. Mekanisme pemberian kredit untuk UMKM sama seperti mekanisme pemberian kredit kepada perusahaan tanpa membedakan skala perusahaan tersebut. Hal ini menyebabkan UMKM sulit mendapatkan tambahan modal kerja yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan usaha. Dalam rangka meningkatkan peran dan daya saing UMKM, perlu dipertimbangkan kembali pengaturan prinsip KYC oleh bank untuk UMKM agar lebih fleksibel tetapi tetap aman bagi bank.

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which are expected to play a significant role in the national economy growth, still faces many problems, particularly the problem of capital. This thesis discusses rules on KYC principles applied by banks to SMEs, loan mechanism for SMEs and the constraints faced by the Garment SMEs in Tanah Abang Market to obtain financing from banks. Normative legal research methods used in this study shows that rules on KYC principles have been executed by the banks strictly and alike for all customers, including SMEs. Loan mechanisms applied for SMEs are similar as those applied for general business form without taking into consideration the scale of the business form. As a result, it is difficult for SMEs to obtain additional working capital as needed to improve or develop its business competitiveness. In order to enhance the role and competitiveness of SMEs, it is necessary to reconsider rules on KYC principles applied by banks to SMEs in a more flexible yet secure approach."