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"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab keterlambatan serah terima proyek pembangunan gedung pada Proyek Menara Danamon. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara dengan narasumber dari pihak pemilik dan konsultan project management yang terlibat langsung dalam proyek ini. Analisis faktor penyebab keterlambatan dengan pendekatan lean design management pada tahap desain dan procurement serta pendekatan lean construction pada tahap konstruksi. Memakai tools diagram tulang ikan untuk identifikasi faktor penyebab masalah keterlambatan serta tools diagram simpal kausal untuk memperkuat hasil dan melihat hubungan sebab akibat yang ditimbulkan dari faktor keterlambatan yang ada. Hasil penelitian faktor keterlambatan dipicu dari kesalahan desain/ desain belum matang serta kualitas dari pemenang konsultan maupun kontraktor yang terlibat.

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The purpose of this thesis to analyze the factors causing delays in handover building proyek at Menara Danamon. Used Qualitative research by interview with sources from the pemilik and proyek management consultants directly involved in this proyek. Analysis of the factors causing delays in the lean design management approach for design phase and procurement phase , lean construction for construction phase. To identify the factors of delay used fishbone diagram as well as the causal loop diagram to strengthen and see the causal relationship arising from any delay factors. The results of the research are delay factors triggered from design error or incomplete design also the quality of the consultants and contractors involved."

"Dalam perkembangan proyek konstruksi yang sangat kompleks, industri konstruksi masih banyak memiliki ketidakefisienan yang tercermin dengan masih banyaknya pemborosan (waste) yang terjadi dalam setiap proyek konstruksi. Sehingga, sering kali menimbulkan keterlambatan waktu pelaksanaan proyek. Melalui pendekatan lean thinking, maka penerapan pada industri konstruksi digunakan pendekatan konstruksi ramping (lean construction). Sehingga, lean construction dipilih karena mempunyai suatu konsep untuk meminimalisasi pemborosan (waste) dari pemakaian material, waktu (time) dan usaha dalam rangka menghasilkan jumlah nilai yang maksimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berdampak terhadap jadwal proyek dan bisa menyebabkan keterlambatan waktu konstruksi di proyek mall X serta kegiatan-kegiatan mana saja dari faktor-faktor tersebut, yang dapat diminimalkan dengan penerapan konsep lean construction di proyek mall X. Sehingga, penelitian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan cara metode deskriptif melalui deskriptif analisis, studi kasus serta survey dan wawancara. Analisa data yang diperoleh dari survey kuisioner, kemudian diolah dengan pendekatan statistik yaitu dengan menggunakan program statistik Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 17. Dari analisa penelitian yang dilakukan, maka faktor-faktor yang berdampak terhadap jadwal proyek dan bisa menyebabkan keterlambatan waktu konstruksi di proyek mall X antara lain faktor pekerja, material, peralatan, sumberdaya personel, pengendalian, kesalahan metode, komunikasi dan keuangan. Kemudian kegiatan yang dapat diminimalkan antara lain kurangnya jumlah tenaga kerja, kurangnya komunikasi dalam bekerja dan keterlambatan pengiriman, ketidaksesuaian spesifikasi peralatan, ketidakhadiran pekerja dan kurangnya koordinasi, ketidakcakapan personel, ketidaktersediaan sumberdaya, kurangnya fasilitas, kurangnya alokasi dana. Namun demikian, lean construcition merupakan bidang kajian yang relatif baru, sehingga diperlukan penelitian yang lebih lanjut lagi untuk mendapatkan waktu yang efisien dan efektif dalam menyelesaikan proyek.

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At construction project development which very complex, construction industry still have inefficiency which reflected by a lot of waste occured of each construction project. With the result that, in the oftentimes become troubles that impact to the project implementation, for the example's construction delay project. By means of lean thinking approach and so, the implementation to construction industry called by lean construction. And so, lean construction is the approach which have a concept to minimize waste of material usage, time and some effort to deliver maximum value.

This research has a purpose to find out the construction delay caused factors and reduce the activity from those factors with implementation of lean construction on X mall project. So that, research methodology used the desciptive method according to analysis descriptive, case study, questionnaire survey and interview. Analysis data acquired from questionnaire survey, processed by statistic approach using statistic program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 17th version.

From analysis method of research, the result of construction delay caused factors were a worker factor, material, tools, human resources, controling, error of work method, communication and fund factor. And also, the activity can be reduce were less of worker, misscommuincation and delay of suplly material, incorrect of tools specification, absence of worker and misscoordination, human resources incapability, less of project facility and less of project fund. However, lean construction is a new concept from construction management theory and so, still need an advanced research to get efficiency and the effectiveness to accomplish the project."

"Inefisiensi pada aktivitas dalam proyek konstruksi menciptakan pemborosan. Penelitian ini berfokus padaidentifikasi faktor-faktor pemborosan dari aktivitas dalam proyek konstruksi. Kemudian membentuk desain penerapan lean construction tools sebagai sarana meminimalkan pemborosan waktu proyek konstruksi perumahan di PT XYZ. Tujuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan menghasilkan rekomendasi tanggapan terhadap faktor-faktor pemborosan yang dapat terjadi pada pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi perumahan di PT XYZ untuk selanjutnya dilakukan penerapan manajemen proyek konstruksi dengan pendekatan lean construction. PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan subkontraktor proyek konstruksi yang jasa pekerjaanya dominan pada proyek konstruksi perumahan dengan skala kecil dan menengah. Waktu penyelesaian proyek menjadi faktor signifikan dalam penentuan keberhasilan proyek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh dengan pertanyaan tertulis dan wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 4 aktivitas yang tepat dikategorikan sebagai faktor pemborosan waktu dalam pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi perumahan. Dengan membentuk desain penerapan Last Planner System penghematan waktu dapat dihasilkan selama 3 hari dari total 120 hari kalender. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan kesiapan perusahaan dalam mengimplementasikan prinsip-prinsip lean construction menunjukkan nilai 3.5 dari skala 5 hal tersebut mengindikasikan prinsip-prinsip tersebut telah dinyatakan dalam setiap proyek namun jarang diterapkan dalam proyek yang dikerjakan

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Inefficient construction project operations produce waste. This research focuses on the identification of waste factors from activities in construction projects. Then form a design to apply lean construction tools to minimize the waste of time for housing construction projects at PT XYZ. This study aims to produce recommendations for responses to waste factors that can occur in housing construction projects at PT XYZ for further implementation of construction project management with a lean construction approach. PT XYZ is a construction project subcontractor whose work services dominate small and medium-scale residential construction projects. Project completion time is a significant factor in determining project success. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were obtained by written questions and in-depth interviews with several respondents. The results showed that four activities were rightly categorized as time-wasting factors in the implementation of housing construction projects. By designing the implementation of the Last Planner System, time savings can be generated for three days out of a total of 120 calendar days. The results also show the company's readiness to implement lean construction principles, showing a score of 3.5 out of 5, indicating that these principles have been stated in every project but are rarely applied in their projects. "

"Pembengkakan biaya yang terjadi pada proyek konstruksi di Indonesia masih masif dan terus terjadi. Dampak dari pembengkakan biaya diantaranya yaitu penundaan dalam penyelesaian proyek, penurunan kualitas proyek, hingga menurunkan keuntungan stakeholder proyek (Susanti & Nurdiana, 2020). Pembengkakan biaya dapat terjadi akibat adanya pemborosan waste dari kegiatan proyek yang tidak menambah nilai (Non-Value Added). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan lean construction untuk meminimalkan pemborosan dan memaksimalkan nilai tambah proyek. Kerangka lean thinking dan metode Value Stream Mapping akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Value Stream Mappingmerupakan alat untuk membuat representasi diagram alur dari seluruh langkah dalam suatu proses pekerjaan proyek dengan tujuan untuk menampilkan potensi perbaikan yang dapat diterapkan. Dengan metode ini akan diidentifikasi faktor pemborosan dalam fase perancangan dan fase konstruksi serta rekomendasi untuk mengeliminasi pemborosan pada proyek bangunan gedung bertingkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah validasi pakar, survei kuesioner, dan pengolahan data menggunakan analisa deskriptif, analisa RII, dan analisis uji SPSS 29. Analisis ini akan memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang bagaimana setiap faktor pemborosan berkontribusi terhadap inefisiensi keseluruhan dan biaya tambahan dalam proyek konstruksi. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian, VSM mempengaruhi proyek dalam membantu mengurangi ketidakefisienan dalam biaya operasional proyek & pembengkakan biaya proyek. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi praktis yang dapat diimplementasikan oleh para stakeholder proyek untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mengurangi potensi dalam pembengkakan biaya proyek.

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Cost overruns in construction projects in Indonesia remain massive and ongoing. The impacts of these cost overruns include delays in project completion, decreased project quality, and reduced profits for project stakeholders (Susanti & Nurdiana, 2020). Cost overruns can occur due to wasteful activities in project operations that do not add value (Non-Value Added). Therefore, a lean construction approach is required to minimize waste and maximize the added value of the project. The lean thinking framework and the Value Stream Mapping method will be used in this research. Value Stream Mapping is a tool for creating a diagrammatic representation of all steps in a project work process, with the aim of showcasing potential improvements that can be applied. This method will identify faktors of waste in the design and construction phases and provide recommendations for eliminating waste in high-rise building projects. The methods used in this research are expert validation, questionnaire survey, and data processing using descriptive analysis and spearman correlation using Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS). As a result of the research, VSM affects the project by helping to reduce inefficiencies in project operational costs and project cost overruns. The results of this research are expected to provide practical recommendations that can be implemented by project stakeholders to enhance productivity and reduce the potential for cost overruns in construction projects."

"Perkembangan pembangunan konstruksi yang sudah sangat pesat dituntut untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari bangunannya. Untuk mendapatkan kualitas yang baik dan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, diperlukan manajemen mutu yang baik serta kontrol kualitas yang tepat. Di dalam perkembangannya, sudah ada beberapa metode quality control yang berkembang. Metode-metode quality control tersebut sudah terbukti hasilnya dalam industri manufaktur tetapi masih dalam tahap pengembangan pada industri konstruksi. Pada penelitian kali ini, peneliti akan mencoba mengaplikasikan 2 metode kontrol kualitas yang sudah berkembang yaitu Total Quality Management dan Lean Construction pada industri konstruksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan kedua metode quality control tersebut dapat membantu dan secara tidak langsung telah dijalankan dalam peningkatan kualitas dari suatu bangunan.

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The development of construction which has been very rapid required to improve the quality of the building. To get a good quality as expected, need a good quality management and precise quality control. In its development, there have been several methods of quality control that we can use. the quality control methods has been shown the result in the manufacturing industry but still in the development stage in the construction industry. In this research, the researcher will try to apply two methods of quality control that have been developed, which is Total Quality Management and Lean Construction in the construction industry. The results of this research found that the two methods of quality control can help and indirectly been executed in improving the quality of a building."

"[Industri konstruksi mempunyai karakteristik lingkungan dengan gejolak yang tinggi,berubah dengan cepat, proses yang tidak kontinyu dan sangat kompleks. Hal tersebutmenyebabkan ketidakefisienan dan timbulnya waste dalam pelaksanaan konstruksi.Waste yang terjadi pada pekerjaan konstruksi tidak hanya berupa waste material dilapangan, tetapi juga akibat aktivitas konstruksi seperti overproduction, waktu tunggu,handling, processing, inventory, perpindahan pekerja dan sebagainya. Belajar dariindustri manufaktur, salah satu inovasi untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut adalahpenerapan Lean Production (produksi ramping), yang dalam bidang konstruksi disebutLean Construction. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan indikator kinerjalean constuction dengan pendekatan 6 elemen/kriteria lean construction yang spesifik,terukur, memiliki bobot indikator pengukuran kinerja yang jelas di proyek infrastrukturdan bangunan gedung. Objek penelitian dalam perancangan indikator kinerja dilakukandi sebuah perusahaan konstruksi nasional. Kuesioner disebar ke proyek-proyek untukmendapatkan indikator lean construction. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi ada 31indikator kinerja lean construction pada proyek infrastruktur dan bangunan gedung.Pembobotan indikator dilakukan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)dengan bantuan software expert choice. Untuk menentukan faktor keberhasilanpenerapan Lean Construction yang paling berpengaruh, maka dilakukan pemeringkatanmenggunakan Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor organisasi kunci: keterlibatankaryawan, dukungan pimpinan puncak, pelatihan, dan keterkaitan kinerja denganpenghargaan mempunyai pengaruh yang hampir sama terhadap penerapan leanconstruction di proyek infrastruktur dan bangunan gedung;The construction industry is a highly volatile industry characterized with frequentchanges and complex and non-continuous processes. These factors often lead toinefficiency and waste in the construction process. The waste in construction work isnot only limited to material waste, but also includes waste in construction activities suchas over production, delay, handling, processing, inventory, and worker movements.Learning from the manufacturing industry, one of the innovations to tackle the problemis to apply the concept of Lean Production, which in the construction sector is adaptedto Lean Construction. The goal of this research is to obtain performance indicators ofLean Construction. The approach is to utilize six specific elements/criteria of LeanConstruction which can be measured with clear performance indicator measurement ininfrastructure and building projects. The research was conducted in a nationalconstruction company. Questionnaires were distributed to a number of projects tocollect the Lean Construction performance indicators. The result identifies 31 LeanConstruction performance indicators in infrastructure and building projects. Theperformance indicators are weighted based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) withthe help of the expert choice software. To determine the most important performanceindicators in Lean Construction application, the performance indicator is ranked using amethod called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS). The resul shows that the key organization factors: employee participation,top management support, training, and performance based rewards have an almost equalimpact to the application of Lean Construction in infrastructure and building projects;The construction industry is a highly volatile industry characterized with frequentchanges and complex and non-continuous processes. These factors often lead toinefficiency and waste in the construction process. The waste in construction work isnot only limited to material waste, but also includes waste in construction activities suchas over production, delay, handling, processing, inventory, and worker movements.Learning from the manufacturing industry, one of the innovations to tackle the problemis to apply the concept of Lean Production, which in the construction sector is adaptedto Lean Construction. The goal of this research is to obtain performance indicators ofLean Construction. The approach is to utilize six specific elements/criteria of LeanConstruction which can be measured with clear performance indicator measurement ininfrastructure and building projects. The research was conducted in a nationalconstruction company. Questionnaires were distributed to a number of projects tocollect the Lean Construction performance indicators. The result identifies 31 LeanConstruction performance indicators in infrastructure and building projects. Theperformance indicators are weighted based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) withthe help of the expert choice software. To determine the most important performanceindicators in Lean Construction application, the performance indicator is ranked using amethod called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS). The resul shows that the key organization factors: employee participation,top management support, training, and performance based rewards have an almost equalimpact to the application of Lean Construction in infrastructure and building projects, The construction industry is a highly volatile industry characterized with frequentchanges and complex and non-continuous processes. These factors often lead toinefficiency and waste in the construction process. The waste in construction work isnot only limited to material waste, but also includes waste in construction activities suchas over production, delay, handling, processing, inventory, and worker movements.Learning from the manufacturing industry, one of the innovations to tackle the problemis to apply the concept of Lean Production, which in the construction sector is adaptedto Lean Construction. The goal of this research is to obtain performance indicators ofLean Construction. The approach is to utilize six specific elements/criteria of LeanConstruction which can be measured with clear performance indicator measurement ininfrastructure and building projects. The research was conducted in a nationalconstruction company. Questionnaires were distributed to a number of projects tocollect the Lean Construction performance indicators. The result identifies 31 LeanConstruction performance indicators in infrastructure and building projects. Theperformance indicators are weighted based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) withthe help of the expert choice software. To determine the most important performanceindicators in Lean Construction application, the performance indicator is ranked using amethod called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS). The resul shows that the key organization factors: employee participation,top management support, training, and performance based rewards have an almost equalimpact to the application of Lean Construction in infrastructure and building projects]"

"Tingginya waste dan rendahnya value-addedpada industri konstruksi yang telah terjadi selama ini memberikan indikasi bahwa dibutuhkan solusi baruyang tepat untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Seiring dengan terjadinya peningkatan waktu dalam penyelesaian proyek yang terjadi pada PT XYZ dan mengakibatkan kegagalan proyek dalam mencapai target yang telah ditentukan, maka diperlukan adanya tindakan penyelesaian permasalahan yang efektif. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor dominan penyebab pemborosan waktu pada rangkaian proses Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) di PT XYZ. Identifikasi faktor-faktor dilakukan melalui studi literatur terkait konsep lean construction dan struktur Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik (dengan alat bantu Software SPSS 22), analisis deskriptif, pemetaan matriks, dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) menggunakan software Super Decisionsuntuk menentukan pembobotan kriteria. Pengelolaan faktor-faktor dominan diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan narasumber untuk mengetahui penyebab utama, tindakan perbaikan dan tindakan pencegahan untuk setiap faktor dominan sesuai dengan urutan prioritas. Penelitian ini menghasilkan urutan prioritas 5 faktor dominan yang muncul di setiap fase LPDS, dan dilengkapi dengan tindakan-tindakan pengelolaannya, baik dalam hal komunikasi internal, kontrol kualitas, standar prosedur, proses survei di lapangan, maupun komunikasi dan keterbukaan informasi dengan pihak pemilik proyek.

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High waste and low value-added in the construction industry gives an indication that the new solutions are required to address these issues. Along with the increase of time to complete the projects in the PT XYZ that lead to failure in achieving the set targets, it is necessary to haveeffective solution of the issue. This study is conducted to identify and analyze the dominant factors that cause waste of time on a series of processes of Engineering-Procurement-Construction (EPC) in PT XYZ. Identification of factors is done through the study of literature related to the concept of lean construction and structure of Lean System Delivery Project (LPDS), followed by statistical analysis (SPSS 22 software), descriptive analysis, matrix mapping, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using the Super Decisions software to determine weighting of criteria. The solutions to manage dominant factors is obtained through interviews to find out the main cause, corrective action and preventive action for each of the dominant factors in order of priority. This research resulted in the order of priorityof the 5 dominant factor that appears in every phase of LPDS, complete with management actions, both in terms of internal communication, quality control, standard of procedures, the process of the survey in the field, as well as communication and disclosure of information by the project owner."

"PT BIRU yang menyediakan jasa konsultasi enjiniring di bidang minyak dan gas, diketahui sering mengalami keterlambatan waktu penyelesaian proyek terutama terkait proses DED (Detailed Engineering Design) sehingga menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan analisis pemborosan pada proses DED dalam proyek EPC (Engineering, Procurement dan Construction) yang dijalankan perusahaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Lean Design Management. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, dan data sekunder. Diagnosis dan evaluasi proses desain menggunakan value stream mapping, distribusi waktu, serta indikator kinerja. Dari identifikasi 24 pemborosan yang diteliti, ditemukan 10 pemborosan dengan kumulatif frekuensi 80% terjadi di proses DED PT BIRU.Dari hasil penelitian diperlukan tindakan perbaikan pada: ruang lingkup pekerjaan; alur komunikasi dan koordinasi internal; quality control; hubungan antar pemilik proyek dan kontraktor; integrasi sistem; motivasi dan dukungan manajemen. Value stream mapping diusulkan untuk mengurangi aktivitas non-added value sebesar 29,3% dan waktu tunggu sebesar 82,5%, serta meningkatkan utilisasi cycle time.

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PT BIRU who provide oil and gas engineering consultation has been suffered from many project delays especially related to DED (Detailed Engineering Design) process. Therefore losses to the company is inevitable. In order to overcome this condition, a waste analysis in DED process of EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) projects is needed. This analysis is conducted using Lean Design Management approach. Data is collected using questionnaire, interview, and secondary data. Process design diagnosis and evaluation is performed using value stream mapping, time distribution, and performance indicator. Out of 24 type of identified wastes, there are 10 type of wastes that have 80% of cumulative frequency that happened in the DED process of PT BIRU.

The research suggests improvement activities in: scope of work; communication and internal coordination; quality control; relationship among project owner and contractor; system integration; and management support. A value stream mapping is proposed to decrease non-added value activity by 29,3%, reducing idle time by 82,5%, and increasing the utilization in the cycle time."

"Ditemukan fenomena pembengkakan (cost overrun) pada PT. XYZ yang disebabkan oleh pemborosan (Waste). Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengevaluasi Work breakdown structure (WBS) yang menyebabkan Waste (pemborosan) sehingga menyebabkan pembengkakan biaya proyek, serta mengevaluasi metode yang cocok yang dapat diterapkan serta dampaknya dengan konsep / prinsip Lean Construction. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan penerapan lean construction dapat menurunkan deviasi progress sebesar 4,27%; memperbaiki kinerja biaya sebesar 18,15%; serta memperbaiki durasi selama 134 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesa awal diterima, yaitu penggunaan kombinasi Lean Construction tools dapat memperbaiki kinerja biaya proyek pada proses berulang pada proyek gedung bertingkat tinggi.

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The phenomenon of cost overrun was found at PT. XYZ caused by waste. So the purpose of this research is to evaluate the work breakdown structure (WBS) that causes waste, causing project cost overruns, as well as evaluating suitable methods that can be applied and the impact on the concept/principle of Lean Construction. The results obtained show that the application of lean construction can reduce the deviation of progress by 4.27%;

improve cost performance by 18,15%; and improved duration by 134 days. It can be concluded that the initial hypothesis is accepted, namely the use of a combination of Lean Construction tools can improve project cost performance in iterative processes in high-rise building projects. "

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang jumlah limbah beton dan besi yang dihasilkan pada tahap pabrikasi di Plant Precast serta meneliti proses-proses yang menjadi penyebab timbulnya limbah tersebut. Skripsi ini juga membahas implementasi konsep Lean Construction dalam proyek konstruksi jembatan dan pengaruh yang dapat diberikan konsep ini dalam minimisasi limbah konstruksi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus dan juga melalui wawancara tidak terstruktur untuk mencari semua informasi yang sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Last Planner System. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa lean construction memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengurangan penghasilan limbah.

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This thesis discusses the amount of concrete and steel waste that are produced at the manufacturing stage in Precast Plant as well as examine the processes that cause the generation of waste. This thesis also discusses the implementation of Lean Construction concept in bridge construction projects and the influence of this concept in for waste minimization in construction processes. The study was a qualitative research using study case method and also through unstructured interviews to seek information according to the approach used in this research that Last Planner System. This result of this research proving lean construction contribution for reducing waste."