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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 sebagai kultur starter terhadap kualitas rusip melalui proses fermentasi. Rusip teri dibuat melalui fermentasi tanpa dan dengan penambahan starter dengan variasi penggaraman 10, 15, dan 20% dan masing-masing ditambah gula merah 10% dari berat ikan pada suhu kamar (30 ± 2°C) selama 12 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi parameter mikrobiologi (ALT, total bakteri asam laktat (BAL), dan total coliform), kimiawi (pH, total asam, TVB, kadar air, dan kadar garam), dan sensori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan Pediococcus acidilactici F-11 dapat meningkatkan total BAL dan menurunkan total coliform produk rusip yang dihasilkan. Selain itu dapat mempersingkat waktu fermentasi dari 12 hari menjadi 9 hari dan menghasilkan produk rusip dengan sifat sensori yang lebih disukai terutama pada perlakuan penggaraman 15%. Produk rusip yang dihasilkan memiliki total BAL lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 7,47 log, total coliform lebih rendah yaitu 3,34 log daripada rusip tanpa starter serta memiliki rasa dan tekstur yang lebih disukai. "

"[Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan starter mikroba (Acetobacter aceti, Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae) serta pemerasan pulp terhadap fermentasi dan mutu biji kakao. Penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 3x5 dengan dua kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan starter meningkatkan konsentrasi etanol pada saat fermentasi dan meningkatkan kadar asam asetat dan asam sitrat, tetapi menurunkan konsentrasi asam oksalat pada biji kakao. Penambahan starter disertai pemerasan pulp menghasilkan biji kakao dengan kadar asam asetat sebesar 0,47%, sedangkan biji kakao tanpa pemerasan menghasilkan kadar asam asetat 0,49%. Penambahan starter disertai pemerasan pulp menghasilkan mutu biji kakao terbaik dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut: skor nilai uji belah tertinggi (379 dari 400), mutu fisik (Golongan mutu A) serta memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI 2008 No. 2323 tentang biji kakao dengan rasio jumlah per berat biji sebanyak 88 biji/100g; nilai pH 4,93; kadar asam asetat 0,47%, kadar lemak 34,90%, kadar air 4,47%, kadar serat kasar 3,66% dan kadar abu 4,82% dengan waktu fermentasi selama 5 hari.;The aimed of this study was to investigate the effect of starter culture addition (Acetobacter aceti, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with depulping on the fermentation and quality of cocoa beans. The experimental design of this study was conducted using a 3×5 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with duplicate replication. The result revealed that starter addition increased ethanol concentration on the fermentation process, increased acetate acid, and citric acid concentration meanwhile oxalic acid was decreased on cocoa beans during 5 days of fermentation. Depulping caused a slight decrease in acetic acid concentration at the end of fermentation with values of 0,47%, meanwhile the sample of cocoa beans without depulping treatment had acetic acid concentration of 0,49%. Starter culture addition and depulping treatment resulted the best characteristic of cocoa beans which visualized by the largest amounts of cut test score (379 of 400), physical quality (Grade A) and completed SNI No. 2323-2008 requirements with total beans/100 g ratio of 88 beans/100g; pH values of 4,93; acetic acid concentrations of 0,47%, content of fat 15,12%, moisture 4,47%, crude fiber 3,66% and total ash 4,82% after 5 days fermentation., The aimed of this study was to investigate the effect of starter culture addition (Acetobacter aceti, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with depulping on the fermentation and quality of cocoa beans. The experimental design of this study was conducted using a 3×5 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with duplicate replication. The result revealed that starter addition increased ethanol concentration on the fermentation process, increased acetate acid, and citric acid concentration meanwhile oxalic acid was decreased on cocoa beans during 5 days of fermentation. Depulping caused a slight decrease in acetic acid concentration at the end of fermentation with values of 0,47%, meanwhile the sample of cocoa beans without depulping treatment had acetic acid concentration of 0,49%. Starter culture addition and depulping treatment resulted the best characteristic of cocoa beans which visualized by the largest amounts of cut test score (379 of 400), physical quality (Grade A) and completed SNI No. 2323-2008 requirements with total beans/100 g ratio of 88 beans/100g; pH values of 4,93; acetic acid concentrations of 0,47%, content of fat 15,12%, moisture 4,47%, crude fiber 3,66% and total ash 4,82% after 5 days fermentation.]"

"Proses fermentasi merupakan salah satu tahap yang penting dalam penanganan pasca panen coklat. Penolahan biji coklat basah menjadi biji coklat kering diperlukan untuk membentuk aroma coklat, selama pengolahan biji coklat basah menjadi biji coklat kering aroma coklat yang akan terbentuk apabila fermentasi dan pengeringan dilakukan dengan sempurna...."

"ABSTRAKAmpas tahu di Indonesia cukup besar untuk dimanfaatkan,yaitu 6.387,188 ton pada tahun 1982. Salah satu cara memanfaatkan ampas tahu menjadi bahan pangan adalah dengan cara fermentasi. Mikroorganisrae yang berperan adalah kapang dari genus Rhizopus dan Neurospora. Pada pembuatan tempe gembus dengan campuran bekatul, sejauh ini belum diketahui manfaat terhadap nilai gizinya; mengingat bekatul merupakan sumber thiamin akan tetapi Rhizopus membutuhkan thiamin untuk pertumbuhannya. Analisis thiamin dalam tempe gembus ini dilakukan dengan memberikan enzim taka diastase dan larutan para-amino-asetofenon.Selama proses fermentasi, pola kenaikan dan penurunan thiamin pada tempe gembus campuran bekatul 0% dan 5% sama, yaitu kadar thiamin naik sampai inkubasi 24 jam, kemudian turun pada inkubasi 30 jam dan naik lagi pada 48 jam inkubasi, Uji Tukey pada .kedua campuran bekatul ini, untuk tempe dengan waktu inkubasi 24 dan 30 jam tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil itu adalah: 1353,1895∂ (0%bekatul, 24 jam), 1249,834 3∂ (0% bekatul, 30 jam), 1098,227 ∂ (5% bekatul, 24 jam), dan 865,396∂ (5% bekatul, 30 jam). Pada tempe campuran bekatul 10% polanya berbeda, yaitu terjadi penurunan pada inkubasi 24 jam, kemudian naik pada 30 jam dan 48 jam inkubasi.Uji Tukey antara tempe inkubasi 24 jam (1141,648∂) berbeda nyata dengan tempe inkubasi 30 jam (1363,461 ∂). "

"Rhizopus oryzae is known to produce lactic acid, protease and lipase, make it potential as a starter in cheese production. However, R. oryzae application in the unripened cheese production has not been elucidated. In this research, microbiology and nutritional status of unripened cheese fermented by R. oryzae was analyzed and compared to that of the cheese made by rennet as a control. total plate count of bacteria in unripened cheese fermented by R. oryzae was 8.1 X 10 cfu/ml in PCA medium and 3.7 X 10 cfu/ml in MRSA. Total count of funig group was conducted using PDA, resulting 1.2 X 10 cfu/ml. Dominant microflora were identified as enterococcus faecalis and bacillus subtilis in MRSA and Aspergillus sp. in PDA. HPLC analysis of the unripened cheese fermented by R. oryzae showed that in had higher essential amino acid content than the control. The essential amino acid found were Threonine (1,15 ppm), L-Methionine (0,47 ppm), L-Valine + L-Tryptophan (0,70 ppm), L-Phenylalanine (0,66 ppm), L-Isoleucine (0,48 ppm), L-Leucine (1,28 ppm), and L-Lycine (1,64 ppm)."

"[ABSTRAKAspergillus flavus UICC 360 merupakan fungi yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa lovastatin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi urea terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin. Proses fermentasi menggunakan konsentrasi inokulum Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 sebesar 1,96% (v/v) dalam medium Czapek’s Dox Broth (CDB) modifikasi dengan variasi konsentrasi urea (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, dan 67 mM) dan inkubasi selama 7 hari pada suhu ruang (27--300C) dengan kecepatan agitasi 90 rpm. Ekstrak hasil fermentasi dalam etil asetat diuji terhadap Candida albicans UICC Y-29 menggunakan metode difusi agar cara cakram. Ekstrak hasil fermentasi dari konsentrasi urea 42 mM mempunyai indeks penghambatan rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 0,54 ± 0,15. Hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menunjukkan bahwa nilai Rf ekstrak hasil fermentasi dari konsentrasi urea 42 mM sama dengan lovastatin standar, yaitu 0,42 yang mengindikasikan ekstrak mengandung lovastatin. Uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) (P < 0,05) menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nyata variasi konsentrasi urea terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemberian variasi konsentrasi urea berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 dalam menghasilkan lovastatin.

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ABSTRACTAspergillus flavus UICC 360 is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as lovastatin. The study aims to determine the effect of variations of urea concentration on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process using 1.96% (v/v) inoculum concentration of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in the Czapek’s Dox Broth (CDB) medium modified with urea concentration variations (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, and 67 mM) and incubated for 7 days at room temperature (27--30 °C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Ethyl acetate extracts were tested against Candida albicans UICC Y-29 using agar disc diffusion method. The extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the highest average of inhibition index of 0.54 ± 0.15. Results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that the extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the same Rf value with lovastatin standard Rf 0.42 which indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that there were significant differences in the urea concentration variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. It shows that variation of urea concentrations affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin.;Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as lovastatin. The study aims to determine the effect of variations of urea concentration on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process using 1.96% (v/v) inoculum concentration of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in the Czapek’s Dox Broth (CDB) medium modified with urea concentration variations (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, and 67 mM) and incubated for 7 days at room temperature (27--30 °C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Ethyl acetate extracts were tested against Candida albicans UICC Y-29 using agar disc diffusion method. The extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the highest average of inhibition index of 0.54 ± 0.15. Results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that the extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the same Rf value with lovastatin standard Rf 0.42 which indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that there were significant differences in the urea concentration variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. It shows that variation of urea concentrations affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin.;Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as lovastatin. The study aims to determine the effect of variations of urea concentration on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process using 1.96% (v/v) inoculum concentration of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in the Czapek’s Dox Broth (CDB) medium modified with urea concentration variations (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, and 67 mM) and incubated for 7 days at room temperature (27--30 °C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Ethyl acetate extracts were tested against Candida albicans UICC Y-29 using agar disc diffusion method. The extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the highest average of inhibition index of 0.54 ± 0.15. Results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that the extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the same Rf value with lovastatin standard Rf 0.42 which indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that there were significant differences in the urea concentration variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. It shows that variation of urea concentrations affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin., Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 is capable of producing secondary metabolites such as lovastatin. The study aims to determine the effect of variations of urea concentration on the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. The fermentation process using 1.96% (v/v) inoculum concentration of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 in the Czapek’s Dox Broth (CDB) medium modified with urea concentration variations (0 mM, 33 mM, 42 mM, 50 mM, 58 mM, and 67 mM) and incubated for 7 days at room temperature (27--30 °C) with agitation speed of 90 rpm. Ethyl acetate extracts were tested against Candida albicans UICC Y-29 using agar disc diffusion method. The extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the highest average of inhibition index of 0.54 ± 0.15. Results of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed that the extract from fermentation medium of 42 mM urea has the same Rf value with lovastatin standard Rf 0.42 which indicated that the extract contained lovastatin. Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that there were significant differences in the urea concentration variation in the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin. It shows that variation of urea concentrations affect the ability of Aspergillus flavus UICC 360 to produce lovastatin.]"

"[Sepanjang 1.200 km garis pantai Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung terdapat potensi ekonomi yang meliputi perikanan dan wisata bahari. Namun di sisi lain, kemiskinan justru terjadi di wilayah perdesaan yang didominasi oleh desa pesisir. Padahal disitulah letak sumberdaya kelautan dan perikanan berada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sektor prioritas dari aktivitas ekonomi yang terkait dengan sektor kelautan dan memproyeksikan estimasi investasi bagi pengelolaan sektor kelautan di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Analisis Input Output digunakan untuk menentukan aktivitas ekonomi yang terkait di dalamnya. Dengan pendekatan ICOR (Incremental Capital Output Ratio) diproyeksikan estimasi kebutuhan investasi selama kurun waktu 2015-2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor prioritas dikembangkan adalah wisata bahari; perikanan budidaya; industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan dan hasil biota air lainnya; jasa kelautan; dan bangunan kelautan . Nilai ICOR Kelautan Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah 2.93, lebih efisien dibandingkan sektor kelautan secara nasional.;Bangka Belitung Province has 1,200 km coastline with big potential economic including fisheries and marine tourism. Otherwise, poverty has occurred in rural areas with dominated by coastal villages. While therein lies the marine and fisheries resources. This study aims to identify the priority sectors of economic activity associated with the marine sector and project investment estimate for the management of the marine sector in Bangka Belitung Province. Input Output Analysis is used to determine the priority of economic activity. With the approach of ICOR (Incremental Capital Output Ratio) projected of investment for 2015-2017 period. The results showed the priority sectors to be developed are marine tourism; aquaculture; fish processing; marine services; and marine building. ICOR for Marine development of Bangka Belitung Province is 2.93. It is more efficient than the national marine sector, Bangka Belitung Province has 1,200 km coastline with big potential economic including fisheries and marine tourism. Otherwise, poverty has occurred in rural areas with dominated by coastal villages. While therein lies the marine and fisheries resources. This study aims to identify the priority sectors of economic activity associated with the marine sector and project investment estimate for the management of the marine sector in Bangka Belitung Province. Input Output Analysis is used to determine the priority of economic activity. With the approach of ICOR (Incremental Capital Output Ratio) projected of investment for 2015-2017 period. The results showed the priority sectors to be developed are marine tourism; aquaculture; fish processing; marine services; and marine building. ICOR for Marine development of Bangka Belitung Province is 2.93. It is more efficient than the national marine sector]"

"Algae are a promising source of biofuel but claims about their lipid content can be ambiguous because extraction methods vary and lipid quantitation often does not distinguish between particular lipid classes. One of algae types that meet this condition is Nannochloropsis sp."

"This study was focused on the selection of type of beans for kecap production. The mold fermentation or kecap koji making process was conducted in small scale at room temperature for 3 days and the brine fermentation for 2 weeks at room temperature.Product were analyzed for biochemical (total nitrogen, formol nitrogen, and total water soluble nitrogen) content. It was found that the final composision of kecap mash were mainly due to brain fermentation and by activities of strains showed varies effect to total nitrogen (TN), formol nitrogen (FN), and total water soluble nitrogen (WN).Kecap mash produced using kedelai, hiris and tolo inoculated with Aspergillus sp. K-1 containing formol nitrogen 0.58%, 0.65% and 0.57%, respectively.Meanwhile using Aspergillus sp. K-1A producing kecap mash with formol nitrogen were 0.75%, 0.75%, 0.65%, respectly. The ratio of WN to TN of the kecap mash from hiris and tolo were up to 50%, while the ratio of FN to TN varies, which was influenced by the koji used.Based on the chemical properties above, it can be recommended that hiris can be used for kecap production though requires extensive researches."