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"ABSTRAKCognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk Meningkatkan Illness Acceptance pada Pasien Retinitis Pigmentosa Latar Belakang Retinitis Pigmentosa RP adalah salah satu jenis penyakit retinal herediter yang bersifat degeneratif dan dapat berujung pada kebutaan total. Dampak kerusakan penglihatan pada RP dapat mempengaruhi berbagai aspek di dalam kehidupan penderitanya, baik itu fisik, psikologis maupun psikososial penderitanya. Pasien usia dewasa awal memiliki risiko yang lebih besar mengalami permasalahan psikologis sehubungan dengan adanya perubahan serta gangguan signifikan terhadap peran sosialnya. Di sisi lain, penerimaan individu terhadap penyakit dapat mengurangi reaksi dan emosi negatif terkait dengan penyakit dan penanganan medisnya. Penerimaan terhadap penyakit bermanfaat untuk membantu pasien dalam mengoptimalkan fungsi kesehariannya sehingga ia dapat beradaptasi dengan sisa fungsi penglihatannya dan dampak dari hendaya penglihatannya terhadap kehidupannya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba menjawab kebutuhan tersebut dengan memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy kepada 3 tiga orang penyandang Retinitis Pigmentosa. Desain Penelitian Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single subject design. Adapun intervensi CBT diberikan dalam 5 sesi. Hasil Partisipan mengalami peningkatan illness acceptance yang ditandai dengan perbaikan skor Illness Cognition Questionnaire ICQ pada subskala Acceptance maupun Helplessness. Kata kunci: Illness acceptance, retinitis pigmentosa, low vision, dewasa awal, cognitive behavioral therapy.

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ABSTRACTCognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to Increase Illness Acceptance in Adult Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients Background Retinitis pigmentosa RP is a slowly progressive loss of vision which eventually leads to bare or no light perception, posing a continuous threat to patients 39 independence. Negative psychological states such as distress, sleepiness, anxiety and depression are common in RP patients due to the nature of this chronic, disabling illness. Young adults with RP present unique challenges and more prone to psychological problems because of their significant change in many areas of their life, such as working life and care giving roles that inevitably be compromised. Within coping strategy to deal with this disabling illness, acceptance is considered a key variable. When patients accept the disease, it is assumed that they will adjust their life goals towards more achievable goals by integrating this difficult life event. In this research, the researcher provide Cognitive Behavior Therapy for three RP patients. Design With single subjet design, this research aims to find out the effectivity of 5 sessions CBT to improve the illness acceptance of RP patients. Result Improvement was found for all variables in two subscales of Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Qualitatively, it is also found that CBT helps the patient to unconditionally accept themselves, have more positive thoughts towards their illness, and learn how to cope more effectively. "

"ABSTRAKGagal ginjal kronis GGK adalah penyakit degeneratif yang tidak dapat disembuhkan dan mengakibatkan perubahan yang besar dalam kehidupan seseorang. Pada dewasa muda yang merupakan tahap perkembangan paling produktif, GGK menyebabkan permasalahan yang kompleks sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup individu. Kualitas hidup seseorang sangat dipengaruhi oleh penerimaan diri terhadap situasi yang dihadapi. Illness acceptance merupakan hal yang harus dimiliki pasien GGK untuk dapat mengembangkan strategi coping yang adaptif dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien itu sendiri. Hal ini dapat diperbaiki dengan menghentikan pola pikir negatif individu sehingga dapat berpikir positif dan merasa lebih baik. Pola pikir negatif dapat diubah menjadi positif dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif yang terdapat dalam Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas CBT dalam meningkatkan illness acceptance pada dewasa muda yang mengalami GGK. Efektivitas terapi diketahui dari perubahan skor illness acceptance yang diukur dengan Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Secara umum seluruh partisian mengalami peningkatan dari pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah terapi. Masing-masing partisipan mengetahui pentingnya berpikir positif dan bagaimana cara untuk mengubah pikiran negatif menjadi positif. Hal ini mempengaruhi penerimaan individu terhadap kondisinya dan kemampuan untuk berperilaku lebih adaptif. Berdasarkan hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT efektif dalam meingkatkan illness acceptance pada pasien GGK usia dewasa muda.

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ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease CKD is degenerative disease that can not recover and affect big changes in life. For young adult, CKD causes complex problems that affect their quality of life. Through this problem, they have to raise their ability to think positively, and counter their negative assumption about their condition. The more adaptive, the more they can accept their illness and increase their quality of life. Thus, cognitive behavior therapy CBT is one of the cognitive therapy which is effective to restructuring the mind of the people. This research try to see the effectiveness of CBT in improving illness acceptance. The improvement known by identified the change of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire score and WHOQOL BREF score, before and after intervention. In general, all partisipants have improvement of illness acceptance and quality of life. Then can be conclude that CBT is effective to improve illness acceptance of young adult with chronic kidney disease."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah penyakit kronis yang perawatannya sangat bergantung kepada kemampuan penderitanya untuk mematuhi regimen medis berupa pengaturan pola makan, berolahraga, pengecekan kadar glukosa darah, dan meminum obat sesuai anjuran. Ketidakpatuhan terhadap regimen medis dapat mengakibatkan kontrol glukosa darah memburuk dan memperbesar resiko komplikasi penyakit, seperti gangguan mata dan hipertensi. Pada lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2, kepatuhan medis menjadi suatu isu yang lebih kompleks, karena semakin bertambah usia seseorang maka regimen medis yang dimiliki juga akan menjadi lebih kompleks, sedangkan kemampuan kognitif dan memori mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan memberikan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy kepada 2 (dua) orang lansia dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang bermasalah dengan kepatuhan medis. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan single subject design. Pengukuran dilakukan saat pra-intervensi, pertengahan intervensi, dan pasca-intervensi. Hasil pengukuran intervensi melalui pengisian 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), wawancara dan observasi, serta pengukuran kadar glukosa darah, menunjukkan kenaikan tingkat kepatuhan medis dari rendah menjadi menengah pada kedua partisipan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Cognitive Behavioral Therapy efektif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan medis pada para lansia dengan penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2. Partisipan juga merasa mendapatkan manfaat dari teknik-teknik yang diajarkan dalam terapi ini dan memahami bahwa untuk mempertahankan kepatuhan medis yang mereka miliki, partisipan perlu untuk selalu menerapkan teknik-teknik tersebut dalam keseharian mereka.

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ABSTRACT

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which its treatment heavily depend on patients ability to adhere to their medical regimens. Type 2 diabetes mellitus medical regimen consists of healthy diets, frequent exercises, blood glucose level control, and regular taking of medications. Non-adherence to medical regimen could lead to worse blood glucose control and result in the increase of another disease complication, such as glaucoma and hypertension. In older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, medical adherence becomes a more complex issue, because as people grow old, their medical regimen will become more complex. Meanwhile, their cognitive and memory ability decrease. In this research, the researcher will provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for 2 (two) older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have problems with their medical adherence. Research design use single subject design. There are three assessments that were taken, pre-intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. Result assessments through 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), interview, observation, and blood glucose control showed increase in medical adherence levels, from low medical adherence to medium medical adherence in both participants. Conclusion this research proved that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is effective to increase medical adherence in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All participants also experienced the benefits from techniques that were given during therapy and understood that to maintain the medical adherence they achieved; they need to keep applied those techniques into their daily life."

"[Latar Belakang : Konflik relasi berpacaran rentan dialami oleh dewasa muda. Konflik yang tidak terselesaikan memunculkan kekerasan dalam pacaran. Kekerasan dalam pacaran mungkin terjadi dalam bentuk fisik, psikologis, seksual dan ekonomi. Riwayat pengalaman traumatis yang dialami sebelumnya oleh individu, membentuk self-esteem rendah pada individu dan membuka peluang pada individu untuk kembali terjebak pada relasi berkekerasan yang serupa, salah satunya kekerasan dalam pacaran. Self-esteem yang rendah mengakibatkan korban sulit untuk keluar dari siklus relasi berkekerasan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran. Intervensi yang telah terbukti efektif dalam menangani self-esteem yang rendah adalah cognitive behavior therapy. Metode : Penelitian ini berupa intervensi CBT pada 4 orang partisipan. Desain penelitian ini termasuk dalam one group pretest-posttest design (before and after). Analisis : Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data kuantitatif dari hasil pre-test dan post-test pada alat ukur RSES. Analisa kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap perkembangan dan perubahan yang dialami partisipan. Hasil : CBT cukup berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada partisipan, namun demikian intervensi selama 6 sesi pertemuan ini dirasa belum cukup untuk mengatasi permasalahan kekerasan dalam pacaran secara menyeluruh. Partisipan mengalami perubahan aspek kognitif dan perilaku. Partisipan merasa percaya diri dan nyaman terhadap penampilan fisik maupun kemampuan yang dimiliki. Partisipan memperoleh pemikiran yang lebih realistis untuk keluar dari relasi pacaran yang tidak sehat.

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Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.;Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship., Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.]"

"ABSTRAKPenurunan jumlah aktivitas pada lansia biasa dikaitkan dengan pengalaman tidak menyenangkan seperti tidak memiliki teman, perasaan hampa dan kesepian. Pengalaman tersebut didefinisikan sebagai loneliness yang sifatnya subjektif dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup serta kesehatan individu. Loneliness ditemukan dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah sistolik pada lansia yang mengarahkan lansia pada gangguan hipertensi.Fenomena terkait loneliness dapat ditemukan pada para lansia di Depok. Peneliti memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) pada 3 (tiga) orang lansia untuk menurunkan tingkat loneliness yang dialaminya. Jika loneliness telah menurun, maka peneliti juga mengharapkan tekanan darah lansia dapat turun dan stabil. Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single-subject repeated measures dengan melakukan tiga kali pengukuran di awal, pertengahan dan akhir rangkaian intervensi untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian terapi terhadap loneliness yang dialami partisipan.Hasil dari penelitian adalah ketiga partisipan mengalami penurunan loneliness yang terlihat dari wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran menggunakan The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, dan Personal Definitions of Loneliness. Seluruh partisipan juga mengalami penurunan tekanan darah menurut hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan tensi meter digital. Penurunan loneliness diperkirakan terjadi karena ketaatan partisipan dalam menjalani terapi terutama dalam melakukan perubahan perilaku serta adanya motivasi yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Penurunan loneliness akan lebih signifikan jika partisipan memiliki dukungan sosial untuk mempertahankan perilaku positif serta kemampuan bahasa yang lebih baik. Selain itu, Partisipan telah mampu mempraktikkan teknik-teknik yang diberikan dalam terapi seperti mengenali loneliness yang dialami, relaksasi, pemecahan masalah, dan melawan pikiran buruk.

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ABSTRACT

In older adults, reduced activities often related to unpleasant experiences, such as having no friends, feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Feeling of loneliness is subjective to individuals and affects their health and quality of life. It is found that loneliness can have impact on systolic blood pressure among older adults and result in hypertension.

Phenomena related to loneliness happen among older adults in Depok. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducing level of loneliness among older adults, so that their blood pressure would get lower and stay in a stable condition. Design of the study was single-subject repeated measures with three participants, and three times measurement (initial, middle, final).

Results of the study suggest that all three participants' level of loneliness reduced, which can be seen from interview, observation, and scores of quantitative inventories (The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Personal Definitions of Loneliness). Participants' blood pressure also reduced. Participants' compliance to therapy processes, such as high motivation and changes in behavior, contributed to the reduced level of loneliness. It is assumed that loneliness scores would be reduced more significantly if participants had better social support, maintained positive behaviors, and had better verbal capacity. Despite of lack of verbal capacity, participants were able to practice some techniques, such as identifying loneliness, relaxation, problem solving, and countering negative thoughts."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan Self Esteem dewasa muda. Subjek penelitian berjumlah tiga orang, dewasa muda (19-30 tahun), dan memiliki self esteem yang rendah berdasarkan skor Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) dan Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intervensi Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan self esteem pada dewasa muda. Ketiga partisipan menunjukkan peningkatan pada skor RSES dan CSEI pada post-test. Hasil wawancara juga menunjukkan bahwa partisipan merasakan manfaat yang positif dengan mengikuti program intervensi.

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The objective of this research is to test the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in raising self esteem on young adults. The subjects are three persons, young adult (19-30 years old), and have low self esteem based on Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Result of this research shows that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention program proved to be effective in raising self esteem on young adults. The post-test indicates that the three subjects had improvement in score for RSES and CSEI. Interview result also shows that the subjects benefited from this intervention program."

"Insomnia adalah salah satu masalah yang paling umum bagi lanjut usia (lansia). Seperti gangguan psikologis lainnya, terdapat berbagai tipe dan penyebab insomnia. Walaupun demikian, mencari penyebab dan membeda-bedakan berbagai tipe insomnia seringkali tidak bermanfaat dalam menangani insomnia. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa semua tipe dan penyebab insomnia dapat menerima manfaat terapi. Terapi yang paling efektif dan direkomendasikan untuk menangani insomnia adalah multi-komponen cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Teknik yang umumnya termasuk dalam paket terapi adalah sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, dan pendekatan kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan paket terapi tersebut ditambah teknik pemecahan masalah yang efektif untuk menangani insomnia. Terapi dibawakan dalam kelompok yang terdiri dari 8-sesi dan berlangsung selama 4 minggu. Setiap minggu terdapat dua sesi, sehingga terdapat sekitar 3-4 hari pada antar sesi. Desain penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen pre-post within group. Partisipan adalah lima lansia (64-75 tahun) yang terdiagnosis dengan insomnia berdasarkan Research Diagnotic Criteria untuk insomnia (Edinger, dkk., 2004). Untuk mengukur efektivitas terapi, partisipan diwawancarai dan mengisi kuesioner Skala Mengantuk Epworth, kuesioner Insomnia Severity Index, dan sleep diary. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi efektif dalam mengurangi simtom insomnia. Sebagian besar partisipan mengalami penurunan skor ISI yang besar dan penurunan yang lebih dari 50% pada waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk tidur dan waktu bangun setelah tidur. Selanjutnya, sebagian besar partisipan mengakui peningkatan kualitas tidurnya dan hilangnya simtom insomnia. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CBT multi-komponen kelompok dapat menurunkan simtom insomnia dengan cukup besar pada lansia Indonesia. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan efektivitas CBT multi-komponen kelompok penting untuk menyediakan intervensi psikologis evidence based yang efektif dan ekonomis bagi lansia.

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Insomnia is one of the most common problems for the elderly. Like other psychological disorders, there are differing types and causes of insomnia. However, discovering the causes and differentiating insomnia types is often not useful in treating insomnia. Researches have shown that all insomnia types and causes can benefit from therapy. The most effective and recommended therapy for treating insomnia is multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The usual techniques included in the therapy package are sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and a cognitive approach.

This research used the usual therapy package with an additional problem solving technique, which has been shown effective for treating insomnia. The therapy is delivered in group setting, which consists of 8-sessions. The therapy takes 4 weeks with 2 sessions per week, leaving around 3-4 days between sessions.

The research design is a quasiexperiment pre-post within group design. The participants are five older adults (64-75 years old) that are diagnosed with insomnia based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for insomnia (Edinger, et. al., 2004). To measure the effectiveness of the therapy, the participants are interviewed and completed Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and sleep diary.

The result showed that the intervention is effective in reducing insomnia symptoms. Most participants experience a large reduction of ISI scores during the therapy and more than 50% reduction of sleep onset time and wake time after sleep onset. Furthermore, most participants acknowledge their sleep improvement and the disappearance of insomnia symptoms. This research shows that group multicomponent CBT can achieve clinically significant reduction of insomnia symptoms in Indonesian elderly. This finding provides evidence on using group multicomponent CBT to treat insomnia for Indonesian elderly. Evidence for the effectiveness of group multicomponent CBT is important in providing evidence based psychological intervention that is effective and economical for the elderly."

"Latar Belakang: Rheumatoid arthritis merupakan kondisi nyeri yang menyakitkan dan mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan penderitanya, seperti fisik, psikologis, dan psikososial. Nyeri yang dialami penderita ini dapat membuatnya merasa lemah dan kesulitan dalam beraktivitas sehari-hari. Dampak paling buruk yang dialami oleh penderita rheumatoid arthritis ialah pengaruh negatifnya terhadap kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis. Metode: Dua orang partisipan yang menderita rheumatoid arthritis diberikan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) sebanyak enam kali pertemuan. Intervensi ini terdiri dari identifikasi masalah dan sharing mengenai penyakit yang dialami, psikoedukasi, latihan relaksasi, self monitoring, dan restrukturisasi pikiran negatif. Pengukuran efektivitas dilakukan dengan metode pretest-posttest menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) untuk melihat perubahan skor intensitas nyeri yang dialami dan Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) untuk melihat perubahan skor kualitas hidup. Hasil: Kedua partisipan mengalami peningkatan kualitas hidup seiring dengan menurunnya intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan setelah mengikuti manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ini. Hasil penelitian secara kualitatif juga menunjukkan bahwa latihan relaksasi merupakan teknik yang paling bermanfaat bagi kedua partisipan untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan. Kesimpulan: Intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a painful condition which is painful and affects many aspects of life of sufferers, such as physical, psychological, and psychosocial. Pain experienced by the patient can make her feel weak and difficulties in daily activities. The worst impacts experienced by people with rheumatoid arthritis are negative effects on quality of life.

Purpose: To know the effectiveness of pain management with intervention multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to improve quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis as participants given intervention multi-component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as many as six sessions. This intervention consists of identifying problems and sharing about disease experienced, psychoeducation, relaxation training, self-monitoring, and restructuring negative thoughts. Effectiveness measurement was conducted using a pretest-posttest using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to see the change in pain intensity scores experienced and Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) to see the change in quality of life scores.

Results: Both participants experienced improved quality of life along with a decrease in the intensity of pain experienced after following pain management with multi-component intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Qualitative research results also show that the relaxation exercise is the most beneficial technique for both participants to reduce the perceived pain intensity.

Conclusions: Interventions multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective to improve the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pemberian intervensi Cognitive BehaviorTherapy (CBT) dapat mengurangi simtom-simtom depresi pada mahasiswa UI tahun pertamapenerima Bidikmisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after studydesign, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak tiga orang. Masing-masing partisipan mengikutisesi CBT sebanyak enam kali, disertai satu kali sesi follow up (2 - 3 minggu setelah sesiterminasi). Proses screening awal dilakukan dengan memberikan Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) kepada mahasiswa UI tahun pertama penerima Bidikmisi. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa CBT efektif dalam mengurangi simtom-simtom depresi mahasiswa UItahun pertama penerima Bidikmisi. Didapati penurunan skor BDI yang signifikan dan leveldepresi partisipan berubah dari "berat" menjadi "tidak ada tanda-tanda depresi" dan "ringansedang".Selain itu, perubahan kualitatif juga dilaporkan dalam penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in reducingdepressive symptoms among Bidikmisi Freshmen in Universitas Indonesia (UI). Design ofthe study is one group before and after study design, with three scholars as participants. Eachparticipant attended six sessions of CBT, followed by a follow up session (2 - 3 weeks aftertermination). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used in the screening process. Resultssuggest that CBT reduced depressive symptoms among Bidikmisi freshmen in UI.Participants' BDI scores reduced significantly, and their level of depression changed from"severe" to "no symptoms of depression" and "mild - moderate". Qualitative changes werealso found and discussed."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas pemberian teknik Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalammengurangi gejala gangguan depresipada mahasiswa rantau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest-posttest design, dimana peneliti melihat perubahan skor partisipan saat pre-tes dan post-test menggunakan Beck Depression Inventory dan Coping Attitude Scale (CAS). Proses screening dilakukan dengan memberikan kedua kuesioner tersebut dan wawancara serta observasi pada calon partisipan. Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi ini dari awal sampai akhir sesi, sebanyak 7 sesi pertemuan. Setelah intervensi diberikan, terdapat penurunan skor BDI dan hasil kualitatif menunjukkan terdapat perubahan positif yang dirasakan oleh kedua partisipan.Temuan lain dari penelitian ini adalah masalah utama yang menyeabkan munculnya gejala depresi pada partisipan bukan disebabkan oleh pengalamannya sebagai mahasiswa perantau.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in reducing depressive symptoms for migrate college students. This study used pretest-posttest design by Beck Depression Inventory dan Coping Attitude Scale (CAS) to measure the change of depression symptoms before and after intervenstion process. Initial screening process is conducted using BDI and CAS as well as interview to migrate college students. There are two participants who followed the intervention in seven sessions. After intervention process, the participants showed positive changes. Another findings from this research is the core problems which cause depression symptoms is not about their experience as migrate college student."