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"Penelitian ini menganalisis mengenai program tata kelola destinasi pariwisata atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Destination Management Organization yang dilakukan oleh Kementerian Pariwisata. Apakah program tersebut berhasil dalam perannya dalam meningkatkan perekonomian daerah dan memeratakan manfaat ekonomi dari pariwisata kepada masyarakat lokal. Dengan menggunakan analisis kovarians untuk membandingkan koefisien Gini antara kabupaten/kota dengan program DMO dengan kabupaten/kota tanpa program DMO pada saat sebelum dan setelah pelaksanaan program didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Namun secara deskriptif terdapat indikasi bahwa program DMO akan mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan di kabupaten/kota yang mendapatkan program tersebut.

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This study aim to analyze whether the Destination Management Organization program conducted by the Ministry of Tourism is successful in its role increasing the local economy and distributing the economic benefits of tourism equally to the local communities. Using analysis covariance to compare the Gini coefficient between districts cities with DMO program with the district city without DMO program before and after the implementation of the program, this study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups. However descriptively there are indications that the DMO program will reduce inequality in districts cities with the program."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan langsung dan tidak langsung antara motivasi dan kepuasan wisatawan terhadap destinasi wisata melalui peran experiental-related factors dan destination image yang dipersepsikan oleh para wisatawan selama berwisata di situs warisan. Sampel penelitian ini merupakan Warga Negara Indonesia yang pernah berwisata ke Candi Borobudur dalam waktu satu tahun terakhir. Pengolahan data penelitian ini menggunakan Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) dengan 442 sampel responden. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara motivasi dan kepuasan wisatawan melalui peran destination image dan salah satu experiental-related factors. Temuan ini membantu dalam memahami faktor penentu perilaku dan kepuasan dari wisatawan terhadap situs wisata warisan.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects between motivation satisfaction of tourists towards the heritage destination through the role of experience related factors and destination images perceived by tourists during a visit to a heritage destination. The sample are Indonesian citizens who had traveled to Borobudur Temple last year. The research is using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for processing data from 442 respondents. The result indicate that there is a significant effect between motivation-satisfaction through the role of destination image and one of the experiental related factors. These findings contribute to understanding the determinants of tourists behavior and satisfaction towards a heritage destination."

"[ABSTRAK

Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh perkembangan

pariwisata terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan penduduk di 10 Kabupaten/Kota yang

ada di NTB pada kurun waktu 2007 - 2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk

menjawab tujuan tersebut adalah regresi data panel dengan pendekatan fixed effect.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan pariwisata (SHTour)

tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan penduduk

Kabupaten/kota di NTB, ceteris paribus. Adapun variabel yang berpengaruh

terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan adalah jumlah penduduk tingkat Pendidikan

tinggi (Pend_tinggi) dan rata-rata lama belajar, dengan hubungan negatif terhadao

ketimpangan pendapatan penduduk Kabupaten/kota di NTB, ceteris paribus.

Variabel pendapatan per kapita juga berpengaruh signifikan dan memiliki hubungan

positif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan penduduk Kabupaten/kota di NTB, ceteris

paribus.

Untuk menekan ketimpangan pendapatan penduduk melalui sektor

pariwisata pemerintah daerah perlu mengurangi kebocoran ekspor dan impor di

sektor pariwisata antara lain melalui peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat lokal serta

kualitas dan kuantitas produk lokal agar dapat bersaing di pasar lokal, regional, dan

global.

---

ABSTRACT

This thesis aims to identify the effects of tourism development to income

inequality in 10 cities in NTB during 2007-2012. Research methods used in this

study is panel data regression with fixed effect approach.

The results showed that

development of tourism didn?t significantly affect to income inequality at cities in

West Nusa Tenggara. Variables that significantly influence income inequality is

high education level of population and year of school population. Its has negative

correlation to income inequality, ceteris paribus. Income per capita is the other

significant variable that affect income inequality in Cities in West Nusa Tenggara,

ceteris paribus.

In order to reduce population income inequality in Cities in West Nusa

Tenggara through tourism development, local government and other stakeholders

should reduce import and export leakages by increasing the capacity of local

community, also increasing quality and quantity of local product to be competitive at

local, regional, and international market,;This thesis aims to identify the effects of tourism development to income

inequality in 10 cities in NTB during 2007-2012. Research methods used in this

study is panel data regression with fixed effect approach. The results showed that

development of tourism didn?t significantly affect to income inequality at cities in

West Nusa Tenggara. Variables that significantly influence income inequality is

high education level of population and year of school population. Its has negative

correlation to income inequality, ceteris paribus. Income per capita is the other

significant variable that affect income inequality in Cities in West Nusa Tenggara,

ceteris paribus.

In order to reduce population income inequality in Cities in West Nusa

Tenggara through tourism development, local government and other stakeholders

should reduce import and export leakages by increasing the capacity of local

community, also increasing quality and quantity of local product to be competitive at

local, regional, and international market,;This thesis aims to identify the effects of tourism development to income

inequality in 10 cities in NTB during 2007-2012. Research methods used in this

study is panel data regression with fixed effect approach. The results showed that

development of tourism didn?t significantly affect to income inequality at cities in

West Nusa Tenggara. Variables that significantly influence income inequality is

high education level of population and year of school population. Its has negative

correlation to income inequality, ceteris paribus. Income per capita is the other

significant variable that affect income inequality in Cities in West Nusa Tenggara,

ceteris paribus.

In order to reduce population income inequality in Cities in West Nusa

Tenggara through tourism development, local government and other stakeholders

should reduce import and export leakages by increasing the capacity of local

community, also increasing quality and quantity of local product to be competitive at

local, regional, and international market,;This thesis aims to identify the effects of tourism development to income

inequality in 10 cities in NTB during 2007-2012. Research methods used in this

study is panel data regression with fixed effect approach. The results showed that

development of tourism didn’t significantly affect to income inequality at cities in

West Nusa Tenggara. Variables that significantly influence income inequality is

high education level of population and year of school population. Its has negative

correlation to income inequality, ceteris paribus. Income per capita is the other

significant variable that affect income inequality in Cities in West Nusa Tenggara,

ceteris paribus.

In order to reduce population income inequality in Cities in West Nusa

Tenggara through tourism development, local government and other stakeholders

should reduce import and export leakages by increasing the capacity of local

community, also increasing quality and quantity of local product to be competitive at

local, regional, and international market,, This thesis aims to identify the effects of tourism development to income

inequality in 10 cities in NTB during 2007-2012. Research methods used in this

study is panel data regression with fixed effect approach. The results showed that

development of tourism didn’t significantly affect to income inequality at cities in

West Nusa Tenggara. Variables that significantly influence income inequality is

high education level of population and year of school population. Its has negative

correlation to income inequality, ceteris paribus. Income per capita is the other

significant variable that affect income inequality in Cities in West Nusa Tenggara,

ceteris paribus.

In order to reduce population income inequality in Cities in West Nusa

Tenggara through tourism development, local government and other stakeholders

should reduce import and export leakages by increasing the capacity of local

community, also increasing quality and quantity of local product to be competitive at

local, regional, and international market,]"

"Studi ini meneliti hubungan antara halal tourism (pariwisata halal), tourist experience (pengalaman wisata), dan constraint (kendala) untuk mengidentifikasi peran khusus dari atribut-atribut dalam membentuk destination image (citra daerah tujuan) dan revisit intention (intensi mengunjungi kembali) ke Lombok. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 330 tanggapan survei dari wisatawan domestik Lombok. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, pemodelan persamaan struktural digunakan untuk menganalisis data menggunakan PLS untuk menguji dampak dimensi dan variabel yang mempengaruhi destination image dan revisit intention. Lima dimensi halal tourism attributes (lingkungan sosial, fasilitas, makanan dan minuman, layanan, dan staf), empat dimensi tourist experience (escapism, entertainment, esthetics, dan education), tiga dimensi constraint (avaibility, structural, dan interpersonal), tiga dimensi destination image (scenery, infrastructure, affective dan water sports), dan tiga atribut revisit intention diidentifikasi. Analisis regresi kuadrat terkecil parsial menunjukkan bahwa tourist experience menentukan peran terbesar dalam destination image. Hasil penelitian menentukan apakah keberadaan faktor pariwisata halal dapat mempengaruhi citra tujuan dan membuat wisatawan untuk mengunjungi kembali Lombok di masa depan, oleh karena itu pemasar dapat menciptakan nilai tambah untuk daerah tujuan wisata yang dikelola dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor pariwisata halal.

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This study examines the relationship between halal tourism, travel experience, and constraint to identify the particular role of the attributes in forming destination image and revisit intention to Lombok. The study population comprises of 330 survey responses from domestic tourists of Lombok. In order to achieve this objective, structural equation modelling was used to analyze the data using PLS to examine the impact of dimensions and variable that influence destination image and revisit intention. Five dimensions of halal tourism (social environment, facilities, food and beverages, service, and staff), four dimensions of travel experience (escapism, entertainment, esthetics, and education), three dimensions of constraints (avaibility, structural, and interpersonal), three dimension of destination image (scenery, infrastructure, affective, and water sports), and three attributes of revisit intention were identified. Partial least squares regression analysis shows that tourism experience defining biggest roles in the destination image. The results determine whether the existence of halal tourism factors can affect the destination image and make a tourist to revisit Lombok in the future, therefore marketers can create added value for managed tourist destination areas by taking into the factors of halal tourism."

"Penelitian ini fokus pada pengaruh Pre-visit Destination Image terhadap Intention to Visit pada Flashpacker. Destination image adalah citra yang dirasakan seseorang tentang sebuah destinasi dan yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah pre-visit image atau image yang dirasakan sebelum melakukan kunjungan yang sebenarnya. Destination image berasal dari evaluasi afeksi yang dipengaruhi evaluasi kognisi, dan evaluasi kognisi dibentuk oleh motivasi wisata dan sumber informasi (Baloglu dan McCleary, 1999) yang didominasi oleh penggunaan jejaring dan media sosial (Govers dan Go, 2003). Penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukan hubungan positif antar variabel yang diteliti, namun karena penelitian tersebut dilakukan di Amerika, maka peneliti hendak membuktikan model yang digunakan dan melihat pengaruh antar variabel di Indonesia dengan membatasi subjek penelitian terhadap flashpacker yang didefinisikan sebagai traveler yang tech savvy, telah bekerja dan mapan namun tetap memiliki semangat berpetualangan layaknya seorang backpacker (Caniago, 2010, Paris, 2010). Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah model yang digunakan oleh Baloglu dan McCleary (1999) dengan responden sebanyak 235 yang mengunakan metode judgemental sampling dan snowball sampling. Setelah itu data diolah menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan aplikasi LISREL 8.7. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pre-visit Destination Image secara positif mempengaruhi Intention to Visit, yang berarti semakin tinggi image yang terpapar dan dirasakan oleh flashpacker akan menaikkan keinginan mereka untuk datang ke Destinasi Wisata. Maka dari itu, pemasar destinasi wisata dapat melakukan promosi kepada segmen flashpacker dengan cara menimbulkan citra yang sesuai dengan motivasi wisata melalui sumber informasi yang dekat dengan target, yaitu jejaring dan media sosial.

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This research is focused on the effect of Pre-visit Destination Image towards Intention to Visit on Flashpacker. Destination image is an image that a traveler is perceived about a destination and this research is using a pre-visit image which is an image perceived before the actual visit. Destination image is made from Affective Evaluation and influenced by Cognitive Evaluation which is derived from Travel Motivation and Information (Baloglu dan McCleary, 1999) dominated by the usage of Media and Social Network (Govers dan Go, 2003).

The previous research has shown that there is a positive correlation among the variables yet the research was conducted in United States. Hence, the researcher is trying to prove the model in Indonesia and using a smaller segment as the subject. The subject used is Flashpacker, which is defined as a tech-savvy traveler with a bigger budget because they had a good job but still with a passion to explore and advanture like a backpacker (Caniago, 2010, Paris, 2010). This paper is using the model that was used by Baloglu and McCleary (1999). A survey is conducted involving 235 participants using judgmental sampling and snowball sampling via media and social network. Afterwards, the data is proccesed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using LISREL 8.7.

The research founding shows that Pre-visit Destination Image is affecting Intention to Visit positively, which means if there is a raise in pre-visit destination image perceived by flashpacker, the more they willing to visit the destination. Henceforth, Destination Marketing Organization should put efforts in increasing the destination image in the flashpacker segment by juxtaposing the destinasion image with their motivation and using the information source they‟re using, which is the media and social network."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis destination branding pariwisata Indonesia di akun Instagram resmi yang dimiliki oleh Kementrian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Kemenparekraf) yaitu @kemenparekraf.ri. Destination branding terdiri atas dua poin penting yaitu identifikasi dan diferensiasi. Dengan menggunakan analisis semiotik pemasaran terhadap program kerja 10 Bali Baru, studi ini melihat brand dari kacamata pemilik brand. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan referensi terhadap studi brand yang kebanyakan berfokus pada konsumen sehingga membuat kita mengerti bagaimana pemilik brand menerjemahkan pesan yang ingin disampaikan ke follower melalui post (gambar/video) dan caption di Instagram sehingga menghasilkan pesan yang dimaksud. Temuan antara lain bahwa hanya tiga dari sepuluh post terpilih yang mendukung program kerja tersebut. Sisanya dinilai tidak menjalankan poin diferensiasi dengan baik karena tidak mengenalkan destinasi wisata sebagai bagian dari 10 Bali Baru. Dari tujuh post yang tersisa, walaupun tidak mengenalkan sebagai bagian dari program kerja, namun tetap memberikan awareness berupa menampilkan update dari program kerja yaitu berupa perkenalan destinasi wisata dan atraksi wisata baru yang ada di destinasi wisata utama. Hal ini membuat tujuan dari akun tersebut tidak tercapai dengan sempurna. Post terpilih dinilai tidak digunakan secara maksimal karena hanya berisi update program kerja dan kebijakan yang telah dilaksanakan namun tidak dibarengi dengan konsistensi terhadap destination branding yang ada.

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This is an analysis study of destination branding on Indonesia tourism at official Instagram account owned by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemeparekraf) @kemenparekraf.ri. Destination branding comprises of two key points that are identification and differentiation. By using marketing semiotic analysis against 10 Bali Baru programs, to the study views the brand from brands owner perspective. This research expects to provide a reference for brand study which mostly focused on consumers, so it will make us understand how the brand owner translate the message that want to convey through post (image/video and caption) in Instagram so it will be understood. Findings show that only three out of ten selected posts support the program. The rest are viewed didnt follow the differentiation point well because these posts didnt introduce the destination as part of 10 Bali Baru. Despite the lacking in programs introduction, the seven posts still provide awareness through update of the program which are travel destination introduction and their main attraction. This matter suggests that the purpose of the account have not yet been achieved. The selected posts are viewed as underutilized because they are only filled with the policy and programs update that already been implemented, and not aligned with the remining destination branding consistency."

"[Membangun keterikatan destinasi adalah kunci dalam pemasaran kepariwisataan saat ini Sebuah studi menjelaskan bahwa secara teori model untuk membangun kepuasan dalam berwisata dapat didasari oleh rasa keterikatan pada destinasi yang rasa keterikatan tersebut dapat diciptakan dari kredibilitas suatu informasi dan citra destinasi itu sendiri. Hubungan keempat variabel tersebut diuji pada 187 responden yang mengunjungi Pulau Tidung Hasil olahan data dengan SEM mengindikasikan bahwa kredibilitas informasi dan citra suatu destinasi dengan melalui mediasi keterikatan destinasi dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan berwisata. Studi ini dapat memberikan implikasi manajerial terhadap praktek kepariwisataan.

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Building emotional destination attachment is a key tourism destination branding issue in todays tourism market. The current study aims to develop and test a comprehensive theoretical model for destination branding are destination source credibility destination image and destination attachment as antecedents of destination satisfaction. These relationships are examined for a sample of 187 tourists visiting Tidung Island Indonesia The SEM indicates that destination source credibility and destination image could indeed affect tourist perceptions of destination satisfaction with regard to destination attachment. The findings offer important implications for tourism management and practice., Building emotional destination attachment is a key tourism destination branding issue in today rsquo s tourism market The current study aims to develop and test a comprehensive theoretical model for destination branding are destination source credibility destination image and destination attachment as antecedents of destination satisfaction These relationships are examined for a sample of 187 tourists visiting Tidung Island Indonesia The SEM indicates that destination source credibility and destination image could indeed affect tourist perceptions of destination satisfaction with regard to destination attachment The findings offer important implications for tourism management and practice ]"

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh travel constraints terhadap destination image wisata leisure di Indonesia berdasarkan persepsi international youth travelers. Travel constraints dibentuk oleh empat dimensi, yaitu unfamiliarity, interpersonal, structural, dan intrapersonal. Destination image dibentuk oleh tiga dimensi, yaitu tourism infrastructure, hospitality atmosphere, dan unique cultural attractions. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 100 orang responden yang berusia 18-35 tahun serta berkewarganegaraan Kanada, Korea Selatan, dan Perancis dengan metode PLS-SEM, independent T-test, dan ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa pertama, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari travel constraints terhadap destination image wisata leisure di Indonesia. Kedua, ditemukan juga perbedaan persepsi travel constraints dan destination image wisata leisure Indonesia, yakni antara international youth travelers yang sudah dan yang belum berkunjung ke Indonesia dan antara international youth travelers dari negara Kanada, Korea Selatan, dan Perancis.

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ABSTRACTThis research explores the influence of travel constraints toward destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia perceived by international youth travelers. Travel constraints are formed by for dimensions, which are unfamiliarity, interpersonal, structural, and intrapersonal. Destination image are formed by for dimensions, which are tourism infrastructure, hospitality atmosphere, and unique cultural attractions. A survey was conducted among 100 international youth travelers from Canada, South Korea, and France. The methods used in this research are PLS-SEM, independent T-test, and ANOVA. The findings of this research concluded that there is significant influence of travel constraints toward destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia. Moreover, there is different perception for travel constraints and destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia between international youth travelers who have been and have not been to Indonesia and also between international youth travelers from Canada, South Korea, and France.;This research explores the influence of travel constraints toward destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia perceived by international youth travelers. Travel constraints are formed by for dimensions, which are unfamiliarity, interpersonal, structural, and intrapersonal. Destination image are formed by for dimensions, which are tourism infrastructure, hospitality atmosphere, and unique cultural attractions. A survey was conducted among 100 international youth travelers from Canada, South Korea, and France. The methods used in this research are PLS-SEM, independent T-test, and ANOVA. The findings of this research concluded that there is significant influence of travel constraints toward destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia. Moreover, there is different perception for travel constraints and destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia between international youth travelers who have been and have not been to Indonesia and also between international youth travelers from Canada, South Korea, and France., This research explores the influence of travel constraints toward destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia perceived by international youth travelers. Travel constraints are formed by for dimensions, which are unfamiliarity, interpersonal, structural, and intrapersonal. Destination image are formed by for dimensions, which are tourism infrastructure, hospitality atmosphere, and unique cultural attractions. A survey was conducted among 100 international youth travelers from Canada, South Korea, and France. The methods used in this research are PLS-SEM, independent T-test, and ANOVA. The findings of this research concluded that there is significant influence of travel constraints toward destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia. Moreover, there is different perception for travel constraints and destination image for leisure travel in Indonesia between international youth travelers who have been and have not been to Indonesia and also between international youth travelers from Canada, South Korea, and France.]"