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"For fourteen months in 2000-2001, I conducted a research in the District of Witihama, eastern Adonara. Witihama is a religiously mixed community, made up of Muslims and Catholics. However, both groups also practice blood sacrifice and carry out ceremonies required by adat. Muslims and Catholics are closely related by ties of marriage and descent. In the recent historical past, as well as in the ancient legendary past, the community has a remembered history of bloody warfare and murder, not linked to questions of modern religious allegiances, which provide incentives to take precautions to maintain community harmony and peace. Mindful of sectarian conflict elsewhere in Indonesia, Catholics and Muslims maintain close ties of cooperation and solidarity. On holidays like Christmas, Easter and Idul Fitri, for example, they hold community meetings to express mutual friendship. Members of the District have suffered from conflict elsewhere in Indonesia, for example during the fighting between Suku Batak and the 'Flores people' in 1999 in Batam, in the Moluccas and in the violence inDili, East Timor. Refugees from these other conflicts came and went while I was there. There have been attempts at sectarian provocation in Witihama by people from elsewhere in the past, leading to their expulsion. There was an unexplained incident in which a hand grenade exploded in Witihama killing one child and injuring two others, causing considerable consternation within the community. Rumors of plans to bomb the Catholic Church were taken seriously. Efforts to place East Timorese refugees in the Kabupaten of Flores Timur were strongly resisted on grounds of safety and local peace. Finally the national move toward regional autonomy led to Witihama becoming a separate Kecamatan and resulted in moves to turn Flores and Lembata into a separate Province."

"For fourteen months in 2000-2001, I conducted a research in the District of Witihama, eastern Adonara. Witihama is a religiously mixed community, made up of Muslims and Catholics. However, both groups also practice blood sacrifice and carry out ceremonies required by adat. Muslims and Catholics are closely related by ties of marriage and descent. In the recent historical past, as well as in the ancient legendary past, the community has a remembered history of bloody warfare and murder, not linked to questions of modern religious allegiances, which provide incentives to take precautions to maintain community harmony and peace. Mindful of sectarian conflict elsewhere in Indonesia, Catholics and Muslims maintain close ties of cooperation and solidarity. On holidays like Christmas, Easter and Idul Fitri, for example, they hold community meetings to express mutual friendship. Members of the District have suffered from conflict elsewhere in Indonesia, for example during the fighting between Suku Batak and the 'Flores people' in 1999 in Batam, in the Moluccas and in the violence inDili, East Timor. Refugees from these other conflicts came and went while I was there. There have been attempts at sectarian provocation in Witihama by people from elsewhere in the past, leading to their expulsion. There was an unexplained incident in which a hand grenade exploded in Witihama killing one child and injuring two others, causing considerable consternation within the community. Rumors of plans to bomb the Catholic Church were taken seriously. Efforts to place East Timorese refugees in the Kabupaten of Flores Timur were strongly resisted on grounds of safety and local peace. Finally the national move toward regional autonomy led to Witihama becoming a separate Kecamatan and resulted in moves to turn Flores and Lembata into a separate Province."

"Konsep mengenai tanah di kota juga mencakup tanah disekitar kota tersebut. Tanah di desa umumnya berkaitan erat dengan tanah pertanian dan tanah adat, tetapi tanah di kota biasanya menunjuk pada suatu keterpaduan dan yang terutama adalah tanah sebagai tempat untuk mendirikan bangunan baik bangunan untuk tempat tinggal maupun bangunan untuk kegunaan lainnya. Pemilikan tanah di desa berhubungan erat dengan suatu pewarisan dari nenek moyang dari suatu klen. Pemilikan tanah di kota terutama diperoleh karena pembelian. Pemilikan tanah di desa diatur dengan akte Lurah dan di kota dengan akte Notaris. Keduanya secara hokum diangkat sebagai Pejabat Pembuat Akte Tanah."

"Desa Cikoang di pantai selatan Sulawesi Selatan adalah tempat bermukimnya komuniti Sayyid yang anggota-anggotanya menelusuri asal-usulnya melalui golongan Hadhramauthingga Nabi Muhammad. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah kajian tentang identitas mereka direpresentasikan melalui kekerabatan dan perkawinan. Ciri khas Sayyid Cikoang yang menonjol tidak hanya di desa-desa asal mereka, tetapi juga di tempat-tempat mereka bermigrasi. Dibicarakan perihal bertahannya identitas semacam itu di Indonesia masa kini.Kekerabatan dan perkawinan melanggengkan keyakinan adanya garis keturunan yang membedakan orang Sayyid dari penduduk lainnya. Meskipun perkawinan terjadi antara orang Sayyid dan non-Sayyid, selalu antara seorang laki-laki Sayyid dan perempuan non-Sayyid, atas dasar bahwa anak-anak akan mengikuti status ayah mereka. Oleh karena itu,perempuan Sayyid hanya akan menikah di dalam kelompok Sayyid atau memilih tetap tidak menikah. Sistem gelar dan kategori status yang kompleks menandai hubungan perkawinan yang berbeda."

"Tulisan ini mengulas cara-cara perubahan sosial dan pembangunan ekonomi mempengaruhi kehidupan orang Toraja di Sulawesi. Perubahan-perubahan yang diawali pada masa penjajahan Belanda telah menjadi semakin intens semenjak tahun 1970-an. Beberapa perubahan yang menonjol ialah peralihan dari kegiatan subsistensi menjadi buruh upahan, berlangsungnya migrasi dan pemindahan dana secara besar-besaran, serta perkembangan industri pariwisata. Semua bentuk perubahan ini disebabkan oleh berbagai kekuatan ekonomi-politik yang saling terkait. Yang terpenting dari kekuatan tersebut ialah pembentukan kaum proletar, perekonomian uang, serta program pemerintah nasional dalam memodernisasi ekonomi dan mengomersialkan kebudayaan Toraja. Penelitian sebelumnya yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 1994 menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang Toraja telah berhasil dengan sukses melibatkan diri dalam berbagai kegiatan ekonomi di tingkat lokal, nasional maupun internasional. Hal yang juga menonjol ialah munculnya suatu status baru dalam jenjang hirarkhi berdasarkan keberhasilan ekonomi yang telah mengubah sistem kasta tradisional dan cara memanfaatkan upah atau penghasilan untuk mendanai kegiatan usaha, membayar biaya pendidikan, dan meningkatkan taraf hidup. Pada bulan November dan Desember 2000 dilaksanakan penelitian lebih lanjut. Tulisan ini mengkaji beberapa dampak krisis ekonomi dan politik tahun 1997/1998, pengaruhnya pada proses perubahan yang terjadi, dan cara-cara orang-orang Toraja menanggapi kekuatan ekonomi dan politik yang dihadapi. Secara khusus akan diulas dampak dari krisis itu pada aktivitas ketenagakerjaan orang-orang Toraja, usaha kecil dan menengah, tingkat penghasilan dan pengeluaran, produksi tanaman pangan/palawija, pariwisata, serta migrasi tenaga kerja dan dana."

"Tulisan ini menyajikan suatu bentuk pendekatan yang dianggap berhasil meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dengan cara membuat sebuah kemitraan antarkelompok komuniti antarsekolah. Cara ini dinilai dapat menjawab persoalan-persoalan birokrasi pendidikan negara yang terlalu rumit dan berjenjang. Penulis meyakini bahwa sekolah merupakan tempat seseorang memperkaya diri di segala bidang. Namun, seringkali birokrasi pendidikan yang terpusat dan diatur oleh negara membuat institusi sekolah (termasuk tenaga guru) tidak memiliki otonomi untuk mengembangkan diri, serta mengembangkan visi dan misi yang lebih tepat dan kontekstual. Melalui studi etnografi selama dua tahun terhadap kemitraan dua kelompok bentukan komuniti pendidikan di Amerika dan Australia, diperlihatkan bahwa kerjasama antara tenaga pendidik, staf administrasi, orang tua, dan tokoh masyarakat merupakan unsur penting dalam peningkatan kualitas pendidikan. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan pembanding untuk kasus birokrasi pendidikan di Indonesia dalam konteks otonomi daerah yang mulai bergulir."

"A medical system whether traditional or modern, is a long chain of processes of humanstrategy for adapting to their ecological bio-cultural environment. Naturally humans developtheir biological ability to sustain their kind and develop many adaptation strategies, creatingmedical systems, behavior, and belief sbased on culture as a natural response to the treat ofillness and disease, even though the result of certain behavior does not guarantee the healingof such illness and disease (Dunn in Foster-Anderson, 1986; p.41). under that circumstances,Minangkabau medical systems are seen as a result of a bio-eco-culturally adapting process.Local Etiology of the disease source is closely related to the logic of its healing. Cosmologicalviews influence public knowledge about the concepts of health, illness, disease, and healingmethods. The definition of health and illness is determined by culture, custom, or traditionand it is not always in agreement with the conditions defined by medical science."

"This aritcle discusses about the phenomenon of globalization involving two fishermencommunities, the Tomalou fishermen in Tidore islands and the Philipines fishermen. Bothof them sail and hunt in the same seawater zone, constructed and formed as a transborderterritory between Indonesia and the Philipines. The natural resources management systemthrough decentralization should ensure the exsistence of local fishermen (Tomalou) to gainmarine (fish) resources, secured by government without interference by the Philipine fishermen.The data in this paper has been analyzed with several transborder theories. As a result, thispaper shows that the state representated by the regional government has failed to protect thelocal fishermen (Tomalou) and ensure in continued presence in achiving welfare from the searesources."

"The khanduri of the tree blossom is performed in Jumadil Akhir (the sixth Islamic lunar month). The khanduri is held for fruit-bearing trees. It aim is tu ensure that the trees will bear fruit andtheir blossoms will not fade and fall onto the round prematurely, thatthey will not be attackedby pests so that they will contribute to the livelihood of human beings. This research is a fieldresearch and its data were obtained through meticulous observation and in depth interview withkey informants. The result of the research shows that it is the winds that cause the trees to blossom. The village people performed this ritual in order that the condition of fertility of fruit-bearing trees is safeguarded but the fertility is dependent upon much more important factorrs than just the willingess of the individual family to perform the ritual. The fertility of the tree is dependent upon collective village performance, dependent upon respecting jinn, dependent upon just leadership and dependent upon adat, particularly regarding probihition adn incest which are regarded as a major infringement on community life."