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"ABSTRACTXylitol is a five-carbon polyol sugar. It has many healthy benefits and is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and healthcare. Natural sources with abundant carbon such as lignocellulose can be used for xylitol production. One of the potencial sources with high prevalency in Indonesia is water hyacinth. It is known as weeds and has not been fully utilized by people. The aim of this research was the utilization of water hyacinth which contains hemicellulose as a substrate in the bioconversion of xylose into xylitol by yeast cells Debaryomyces hansenii. Stages of processing include the optimization of water hyacinth hydrolysis using autohydrolysis method and optimization of fermentation conditions. Xylose and xylitol were determined by HPLC with RI detector and LiChrosorb® NH2 (4 mm x 125,00 mm, 5μm) column. Acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) was used as a solvent. 20 μL sample volume was injected at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and room temperature. The results showed that optimum conditions for the acquisition of xylose were obtained through autohydrolysis methods for 75 minutes with 1:15 water hyacinth and water ratio and posthydrolysis for 45 min using 4% sulfuric acid. Xylose concentration in hydrolyzate obtained was 25.55 g/L. The optimum fermentation condition for xylitol production was achieved by four day cultivation, limited aeration condition, and addition of metal ions CaCl2.2H2O 0.01%. The yield of xylitol obtained using those conditions was 77.43 %. "

"The objective of the study is to synthesize of 2-(phenylamino)methyl-2-nitro-4(3H)-quinazolinone and their derivatives under microwave irradiation. Solution of 2-bromomethyl-6-nitro-4(3H)-quinazolinone, aniline or subtituted aniline and pyridine was irradiated under modified home microwave completed with reflux condensor. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data. The results showed that the reactions for 7 minutes in power level 30 to give corresponding 2-(phenylamino)methyl-2-nitro-4(3H)-quinazolinones in facile and good yield "

"As a prolactin antagonist, dopamine binds to its receptor D2 and suppresses the secretion of prolactinfrom the pituitary gland. Required ligand that can interact with receptor so that dopamine can nolonger bound to its receptor. Ligands empirically derived from plants and have been proven toincrease human lactation. In silico study using molecular docking technique to identify ligandinteraction with dopamine D2 receptor (PDB: 1I15). The best posing and binding energy (ΔG) wereanalyzed and ranked to get potential dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor. Binding energy of apigenin,luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin with PDB: 1I15 gives value respectively -5.90, -5.67, -5.64, -5.28, -4.36 kcal/mol. Interaction occurred between the ligand and amino acid residue ASN 192,PRO 204, SER 209 formed hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction with HIS 189."

"Molecular dynamic simulation is one field of science that uses computer as a resource for computational methods to calculate the number of forces acting within a molecular system and analyzing its movement. This simulation is useful for the discovery of drug compounds from an illness. This study uses Gromacs as molecular dynamics application which is running on cluster computing environment. A significant speed up is obtained during the experiments. "

"ABSTRACTXylitol is five-carbon polyol sugar which widely used as a sweetener in food and pharmaceutical.Xylitol production by chemical procedures using high pressure and temperature also neededextensive purification are less cost-effective in production. Fermentation which has more advantageswith lower cost due tocheaper substrate and the non-necessity of xylose purification. The purposes ofthis research were to find optimum condition for xylitol production with particular variable such assubstrate concentration, aeration, methanol and nitrogen sources addition. Oil palm empty fruitbunch hydrolyzates containing xylose was fermented into xylitol by Debaryomyces hansenii UICC Y-276 at room temperature. Fermentation was carried out at 200 rpm for 72 hours. Then, xylose andxylitol were determined by HPLC with RI detector and LiChrosorb® NH2 (4 mm x 125,00 mm, 5μm)column. Acetonitrile-water was used as a solvent, 20 mL sample volume was injected at flow rate of1,0 mL/min at room temperature. The optimum fermentation conditions was obtained in a state ofsemi-anaerobic condition (1 : 2.5) with 10,0 % (w/v) xylose concentration. Meanwhile with theaddition of various concentration of methanol and nitrogen sources, it was obtained that 1,5 %methanol and 0,5 % ammonium sulfate gave high yield of xylitol production. The best result for yieldxylitol production was 31,83 %."

"ABSTRACT

Plasmepsin is a prime enzyme in malarial parasite life cycle. Plasmepsins are worked in the hemoglobin degradation inside the food vacuole during the erythrocytic phase. The structures of this enzyme are available through crystallography and show that these structures have an active site which allows many of probabilities of ligand interactions. Xanthone, a compound of active polyphenolic from Garcinia mangastana Linn. and a Xanthone compound which is isolated from Garcinia mangastona Linn. show an inhibition activity to Plasmadium falciparum through the in vitro method. In this research, the molecular docking method is used to study about inhibiton activity of the enzyme. Molecular docking result of Xanthone analogues to plasmepsin shows that more than one hydrogen bond are involved in the inhibition process."

"This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Contemporary Computing, IC3 2010, held in Noida, India, in August 2011. The 42 revised full papers presented together with 7 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 162 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on, algorithm, applications, systems (hardware and software), biomedical informations, and poster papers."

"This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour, SAB 2012, held in Odense, Denmark, in August 2012. The 22 full papers as well as 22 poster papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 66 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named, animat approach and methodology, perception and motor control, evolution, learning and adaptation, and collective and social behaviour."