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"MPHTB merupakan masalah darurat global karena menyebabkan lebih banyak kematian dibandingkan penyakit menular lainnya. Berdasarkan WHO Global Tuberculosis 2016 menyatakan bahwa Indonesia dengan jumlah penduduk 254.831.222, menempati posisi kedua dengan beban TB tertinggi didunia.Timbulnya penyakit tuberculosis TBC di masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor resiko determinan, salah satunya kurangnya sinar matahari masuk kedalam rumah. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara pencahayaan alami dalam rumah dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif pada usia ge;15 tahun keatas di Kota Solok Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2017. Desain Penelitian ini adalah case control dengan melakukan wawancara, obeservasi dan pengukuran terhadap pencahayaan dan kelembaban. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Mei 2018. Hasil Peneilitian ini Pencahayaan yang dalam rumahyang < 60 lux beresiko terkena TB Parur 3,732 kali 95 CI 1,584-8,793 setelah di kontrol oleh variabel Kepadatan Hunian dan Status Gizi.

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MPH Tuberculosis is a global emergency issue because it causes more deaths than other infectious diseases. According to WHO Global Tuberculosis 2016 states that Indonesia with a population of 254,831,222, occupies the second position with the highest burden of TB in the world. The incidence of tuberculosis TB in the community is influenced by several determinant risk factors, one of which is the lack of sunlight into the house. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between natural light in the house with the incidence of positive smear pulmonary tuberculosis at age ge 15 years and above in Solok city of West Sumatera in 2017. Design This research is case control by conducting interview, obeservasi and measurement to lighting and humidity. This study was conducted from April to May 2018. The results of this study The in house lightings "

"[ABSTRAKPM2,5 merupakan salah satu indikator adanya pencemaran udara dalamruang (indoor air pollution). Indonesia termasuk peringkat kelima jumlah kasus TBterbesar di dunia, dan Kota Cirebon merupakan kota dengan angka penemuan kasusTB paru tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmenganalisis hubungan PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah dengan kejadian TBparu BTA positif di Kota Cirebon.Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kriteria kasus adalah penderitabaru TB Paru yang berusia minimal 15 tahun dan hasil pemeriksaan sputum positifberdasarkan konfirmasi laboratorium Puskesmas periode November 2014 s/d April2015 serta bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Kriteria kontrol adalah tetanggaterdekat kasus yang tidak menderita TB paru, tidak memiliki gejala klinis mirip TBparu berdasarkan konfirmasi dari petugas puskesmas setempat, berusia minimal 15tahun dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Total jumlah sampel adalah 168responden dengan jumlah kasus adalah 84 responden, dan kontrol 84 responden.Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah berpengaruh terhadapkejadian TB paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon (OR 7,034; 95% CI 3,570 ? 13,860).Variabel lainnya yang signifikan adalah jenis kelamin (OR 3,947; 95% CI 2,026-7,692), lama berada di rumah (OR 2,682; 95% CI 1,430 ? 5,028), jenis bahan bakarmemasak (OR 3,260; 95% CI 1,116-9,523), status merokok (OR 3,034; 95% CI1,446 ? 6,365), jenis atap rumah (OR 3,713; 95% CI 1,945 ? 7,089), dan lajuventilasi kamar (OR 2,493; 95% CI 1,264 ? 4,918). Hasil analisis multivariatdengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumahberhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI2,904-12,975) dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, jenis atap rumah, dan lajuventilasi kamar. Masih banyak rumah yang belum dilengkapi jendela atauventilasinya kurang, atap rumah tidak dilengkapi oleh langit-langit, sehingga masihbanyak rumah yang tidak memenuhi kriteria rumah sehat. Diperlukan upayapeningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kriteria rumah sehat,dan masyarakat agar menjaga pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, termasuk tidakmerokok.

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ABSTRACTPM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking.;PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking., PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largestnumber of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highestrate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and theincidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patientswith TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed withpublic health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived inCirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and hadno clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centreofficials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number ofsamples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84control respondents.PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositivepulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstayperiod (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), typesof roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logisticregression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor airassociated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type ofthe house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are notequipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is notcompleted by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteriafor a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness aboutthe criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthylifestyle, including not smoking.]"

"ABSTRACTAngka penemuan kasus (Case Detection Rate) di Kota Sukabumi merupakan tertinggi ketiga di Provinsi Jawa Barat yaitu 75,83% pada tahun 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian TB Paru BTA (+) di Kota Sukabumi tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi unmatched case control. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 116 responden yang terdiri dari 58 kasus dan 58 kontrol dan tercatat dalam buku register bulan Februari-April 2014. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data variabel independen diperoleh dengan wawancara, observasi dan mengukur.Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pencahayaan (p-value: 0,000; OR: 4,222; 95%CI: 1,943-9,176), kepadatan rumah (p-value: 0,009; OR: 3,237; 95%CI: 1,401-7,477), jenis kelamin (p-value: 0,000; OR: 7,283; 95% CI: 3,161-16,782), status gizi (p-value: 0,000; OR: 10,667; 95% CI: 4,426-25,705) kejadian TB Paru BTA (+), sedangkan kelembaban, suhu, ventilasi, kepadatan kamar, umur dan pengetahuan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru.

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ABSTRACTCase Detection Rate of Sukabumi City is the third highest in West Java Province 75,83% in 2013. The purpose of this study is to determine quality of home environment with the incidence of pulmonary TB BTA (+) in Sukabumi City in 2014. This study used unmatched case-control design. The sample 116 people consists of 58 cases and 58 control recorded in the register book of February-April 2014. Sampling technique in this research using purposive sampling which is appropriate with the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. All of the data and informations in this research are collected using interviews, observations and variables measurement.The result of bivariat analysis showed that there were correlation between lighting (p-value: 0,000; OR: 4,222; 95%CI: 1,943-9,176), housing density (p-value: 0,009; OR: 3,237; 95%CI: 1,401-7,477), sex (p-value: 0,000; OR: 7,283; 95% CI: 3,161-16,782), nutrition status (p-value: 0,000; OR: 10,667; 95% CI: 4,426-25,705) with the incidence of pulmonary TB. While other variables like humidity, temperature, ventilation, room density, age and knowledge have no correlation with the incidence of pulmonary TB."

"Saat ini bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis telah menginfeksi sekitar seperempat populasi dunia yang menyebar melalui udara dan Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan beban tuberkulosis yang tinggi. 4 dari 6 provinsi di Pulau Jawa masuk dalam 10 provinsi dengan prevalensi TB paru tertinggi, yaitu Banten, Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Tengah dengan prevalensi TB paru di atas 0,4 yang merupakan rata-rata Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik individu dan kondisi lingkungan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru pada penduduk usia ≥ 15 tahun di Pulau Jawa tahun 2018. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2018. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 216.098 responden. Analisis data menggunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan variabel yang memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru yaitu jenis kelamin, status gizi, tingkat Pendidikan, merokok, jumlah anggota keluarga, pencahayaan kamar utama, pencahayaan dapur, pencahayaan ruang keluarga, keberadaan jendela kamar utama, keberadaan jendela dapur, ventilasi kamar utama, dan ventilasi dapur. Penting untuk dilakukan peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait dengan penularan dan pencegahan tuberkulosis paru, termasuk pemberian edukasi tentang kriteria rumah sehat, serta meningkatkan surveilans penemuan kasus melalui peningkatan pemberdayaan kader kesehatan.

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Currently, Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria have infected about a quarter of the world's population that spreads through the air and Indonesia is one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis. 4 out of 6 provinces in Java are included in the 10 provinces with the highest prevalence of pulmonary TB, namely Banten, West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Central Java with the prevalence of pulmonary TB above 0.4 which is the Indonesian average. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between individual characteristics and environmental conditions with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the population aged 15 years in Java Island in 2018. The study design used was cross-sectional using Riskesdas 2018 data. used are 216,098 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variables that had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis were gender, nutritional status, education level, smoking, number of family members, main room lighting, kitchen lighting, living room lighting, presence of main bedroom window, presence of kitchen windows, main bedroom ventilation, and kitchen. It is important to increase public knowledge related to the transmission and prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis, including providing education about the criteria for healthy homes, as well as increasing case finding surveillance by increasing the empowerment of health cadres."

"Melihat tingginya prevalensi merokok dan kejadian TB paru di Indonesia tahun 2010 maka perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut tentang hubungan merokok dengan kejadian TB paru setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancunya pada penduduk laki-laki usia >15 di Indonesia tahun 2010. Penelitian ini menganalisa data RISKESDAS 2010 dengan sampel penelitian penduduk laki-laki yang berumur > 15 tahun di Indonesia yang eligible berjumlah 1.428 responden. Penderita TB paru didapatkan berdasarkan diagnosis Tebaga kesehatan melalui pemeriksaan dahak atau rongten paru. Gambaran distribusi penelitian berupa 41% responden penelitian menderita TB paru dan 50,8% merokok. Hasil penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan yang bersifat protektif antara merokok dengan TB paru (PR=0,73 95% CI 0,2-0,86) sebelum dan setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancu. tidak hubungan dose respons jumlah rata-rata merokok per hari dengan TB paru (PR 1-10 batang per hari =0,74 95% CI 0,6-0,90 dan PR >10 batang per hari =0,74 95% CI 0,6-0,90). Ada Hubungan dose respons antara lama menjadi perokok dengan kejadian TB paru (PR 1-10 tahun =0,63 95% CI 0,45-0,90 dan PR >10 tahun =0,76 95% CI 0,64-0,90) dimana semakin lama responden menjadi perokok semakin tidak protektif terhadap TB paru.

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Base on prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and prevalence of Smoking in Indonesia in 2010, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the association of smoking habit and the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis among 15 years old man in Indonesia in 2010. Base on Basic Medical Research 2010 data, this study used cross sectional methodology design to analyze to 1,428 eligible respondents. Patients diagnostic get pulmonary tuberculosis by health professionals through the examination of sputum or lung Rontgen at last 12 mouths. From the research found that 41% of respondents suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis and 50.8% of respondents are smoked.

The results of this study is that there is a protected relationship between smoking and pulmonary TB (PR = 0.73 95% CI 0.2 to 0.86) before and after controlled for confounding variables. There are no dose-response relationship between average cigarette per day with pulmonary TB (PR 1-10 cigarettes per day = 0.74 95% CI from 0.6 to 0.90 and PR>10 cigarettes per day = 0.74 95% CI 0.6 to 0.90), but there are dose-response relationship between long duration of smoking (PR1-10 years = 0.63 95% CI 0.45 to 0.90 and PR>10 years = 0.76 95% CI 0.64 - 0.90). It means the longer becomes smokers more unprotective against pulmonary tuberculosis."

"ABSTRAKProgram penanggulangan TB nasional menggunakan strategi DOTS (DirectlyObserved Treatment Shortcourse) telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 1995. Secaranasional strategi DOTS telah memberikan perubahan meskipun belum secarakomprehensif. Kondisi diatas diperparah dengan munculnya masalah baru,diantaranya adalah kejadian TB-HIV. Tipe penderita dan ko-infeksi TB-HIVmenjadi faktor risiko terjadinya putus berobat OAT pada penderita TB Paru BTAPositif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tipe penderita dan koinfeksiTB-HIV dengan kejadian putus berobat penderita TB Paru BTA positif diKota Jakarta Timur.Desain penelitian kasus kontrol, dilakukan pengamatan pada penderita TB ParuBTA positif di Kota Jakarta Timur. Analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistic.Hasil penelitian didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara ko-infeksi TB-HIVdengan kejadian putus berobat pada penderita TB Paru BTA positif di KotaJakarta Timur dengan aOR 19,27 setelah dikontrol jenis kelamin dan status PMO(p value=0,006; 95% CI: 2,36-157,21). Keberadaan infeksi HIV secara bersamaandengan infeksi TB semakin mengancam kelangsungan hidup sehingga diperlukanterapi yang adekuat untuk mengendalikan virus dan membunuh kumanmycobacterium tuberculosis. Skrining HIV pada penderita TB harus dilakukansecara intensif untuk tata laksana pengobatan yang adekuat melalui programkolaborasi TB-HIV sehingga penderita bisa sembuh dari infeksi TB.

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ABSTRACTA national TB control program using the DOTS strategy (Directly ObservedTreatment Shortcourse) has been implemented since 1995. Nationally, the DOTSstrategy has provided changes although not yet comprehensively. The aboveconditions are exacerbated by the emergence of new problem, such as theincidence of TB-HIV. Type of patient and TB-HIV co-infection is a risk factor todefault of anti tuberculosis drugs on positive smear pulmonary tuberculosispatient. The purpose research is to know relation between patient type and TBHIVco-infection default of treatment for positive smear pulmonary tuberculosis patients in East Jakarta.The design of case control research, conducted observation on the patient of smearpositive pulmonary tuberculosis in East Jakarta. Multivariate analysis with logisticregression.The result of anti tuberculosis drugs of the research showed significant correlationbetween TB-HIV co-infection with default with smear positive pulmonarytuberculosis patient with aOR 19,27 after controlled sex and drug administersuperviser statue (p value = 0,006; 95% CI: 2,36-157.21). The presence of HIVinfection simultaneously with TB infection is increasingly threatening survival sothat adequate therapy is needed to control the virus and kill the bacteriamycobacterium tuberculosis. HIV screening of tuberculosis patients should beintensified for an adequate treatment regimen through a TB-HIV collaborationprogram so that people can recover from TB infection."

"Angka penemuan kasus tuberculosis paru tahun 2012 di Kelurahan Kotabaru masih sangat rendah yaitu 45,2% sehingga resiko penularan masih tinggi. Lingkungan fisik rumah merupakan salah satu faktor resikonya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penyebaran penyakit. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Geographical epidemiologi dengan analisa spasial. Sampelnya adalah total populasi penderita tuberculosis paru BTA positif sebanyak 62 orang. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan penyebaran penderita berdasarkan semua faktor lingkungan fisik rumah di wilayah RW dengan kriteria keparahan dari terberat hingga terendah adalah RW 22, 12, 11, 10, 1, 8, 15, 4, 6, 13, 5, dan 17. RW 22, 12, 11, 10, 1, 8, dan 15 merupakan wilayah perkampungan sementara RW 4, 6, 13, 5 dan 17 adalah wilayah perumahan.

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Case detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis at 2012 in Kotabaru stil low 45,2%, makes risk ot transmission is high. Physical environment in house is one of the risk factors. The aim of this study is to know description of dispersal patterns of the case. This research method is Geographical epidemiologi with spatial analysis. Sample is all population of case that 62 people. The results of the study illustrated the spread of the patient based on all factors in the physical environment in the neighborhoods area. Neighborhoods criteria from the heaviest to the lowest severity is 22, 12, 11, 10, 1, 8, 15, 4, 6, 13, 5, and 17. The neighborhoods of 22 , 12, 11, 10, 1, 8, and 15 are the area of the township the neighborhoods of 4, 6, 13, 5 and 17 are residential areas. "

"[ABSTRAKTuberkulosis paru merupakan penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk di Indonesia, negara dengan kasus TB terbanyak kelima di dunia. Prevalensi TB paru di Indonesia menurut Riskesdas 2013 sebesar 0,4% (400/100.000) dan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki prevalensi TB paru di atas prevalensi nasional adalah DKI Jakarta (0,6%). Kepadatan yang tinggi, merokok tembakau, diabetes, dan malnutrisi diketahui sebagai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterpaparan terhadap infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan perkembangan TB aktif.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor klinis, sosio-demografi, dan lingkungan dengan kejadian TB paru usia ≥ 15 tahun di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2013 berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang. Analisis data dengan regresi logistik ganda menggunakan SPSS versi 17.0 . Penderita TB paru adalah responden yang pernah didiagnosis oleh tenaga kesehatan melalui pemeriksaan dahak dan/atau foto rontgen dalam waktu ≤ 1 tahun atau memiliki semua gejala klinis TB paru.Hasil penelitian menemukan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru usia ≥ 15 tahun yaitu, diabetes melitus (POR = 3,25), status perkawinan (tidak kawin) (POR=0,44), riwayat merokok (POR=1,93), dan interaksi antara status gizi dengan umur (POR=21,31). Pengendalian dan pencegahan terhadap faktor risiko TB diantaranya edukasi tentang gizi, konseling mengenai pentingnya menjaga kadar gula darah bagi para diabetesi, dan memperluas Kawasan Tanpa Rokok penting untuk dilakukan guna menurunkan prevalensi TB paru serta mendukung keberhasilan program pengendalian TB paru di DKI Jakarta.

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ABSTRACT

;The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of clinical, sociodemography,

and environmental factors with the occurrence of pulmonary TB age

􀂕􀀔􀀘􀀃 􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁖􀀃 􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀀧􀀮􀀬􀀃 􀀭􀁄􀁎􀁄􀁕􀁗􀁄􀀃 􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀀕􀀓􀀔􀀖􀀃 􀁅􀁄􀁖􀁈􀁇􀀃 􀁒􀁑􀀃 􀀥􀁄􀁖􀁌􀁆􀀃 􀀫􀁈􀁄􀁏􀁗􀁋􀀃 Research 2013. The

study design is cross-sectional. Data analysis used in this study is multiple logistic

regression using SPSS version 17.0. Patient with pulmonary TB is a respondent

who had been diagnosed by health professionals through the examination of

􀁖􀁓􀁘􀁗􀁘􀁐􀀃 􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀒􀁒􀁕􀀃 􀁏􀁘􀁑􀁊􀀃 􀁕􀁒􀁑􀁗􀁊􀁈􀁑􀀃 􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀂔􀀔􀀃 􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀀃 􀁒􀁕􀀃 􀁚􀁋􀁒􀀃 􀁋􀁄􀁇􀀃 􀁆􀁏􀁌􀁑􀁌􀁆􀁄􀁏􀀃 􀁖􀁜􀁐􀁓􀁗􀁒􀁐􀁖􀀃 􀁒􀁉􀀃

pulmonary TB.

The study result found that factors related to the occurrence of pulmonary

􀀷􀀥􀀃 􀁄􀁊􀁈􀀃 􀂕􀀔􀀘􀀃 􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁖􀀃 􀁒􀁏􀁇􀀃 􀁄􀁕􀁈􀀃 􀁇􀁌􀁄􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁈􀁖􀀃 􀀋􀀳􀀲􀀵􀀠􀀖􀀏􀀕􀀘􀀌􀀏􀀃 􀁐􀁄􀁕􀁌􀁗􀁄􀁏􀀃 􀁖􀁗􀁄􀁗􀁘􀁖􀀃 􀀋􀁘􀁑􀁐􀁄􀁕􀁕􀁌􀁈􀁇􀀌􀀃

(POR=0,44), smoking history (POR=1,93), and interaction between nutritional

status and age (POR=21,31). Control and preventive efforts of risk factors of

pulmonary TB, such as nutrition education, counseling about the need to control

blood glucose among diabetes patient, and expanding no smoking area are

important to do in order to decrease prevalence of pulmonary TB and support the

success of pulmonary TB control program in DKI Jakarta, The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of clinical, sociodemography,

and environmental factors with the occurrence of pulmonary TB age

􀂕􀀔􀀘􀀃 􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁖􀀃 􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀀧􀀮􀀬􀀃 􀀭􀁄􀁎􀁄􀁕􀁗􀁄􀀃 􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀀕􀀓􀀔􀀖􀀃 􀁅􀁄􀁖􀁈􀁇􀀃 􀁒􀁑􀀃 􀀥􀁄􀁖􀁌􀁆􀀃 􀀫􀁈􀁄􀁏􀁗􀁋􀀃 Research 2013. The

study design is cross-sectional. Data analysis used in this study is multiple logistic

regression using SPSS version 17.0. Patient with pulmonary TB is a respondent

who had been diagnosed by health professionals through the examination of

􀁖􀁓􀁘􀁗􀁘􀁐􀀃 􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀒􀁒􀁕􀀃 􀁏􀁘􀁑􀁊􀀃 􀁕􀁒􀁑􀁗􀁊􀁈􀁑􀀃 􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀁌􀁑􀀃 􀂔􀀔􀀃 􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀀃 􀁒􀁕􀀃 􀁚􀁋􀁒􀀃 􀁋􀁄􀁇􀀃 􀁆􀁏􀁌􀁑􀁌􀁆􀁄􀁏􀀃 􀁖􀁜􀁐􀁓􀁗􀁒􀁐􀁖􀀃 􀁒􀁉􀀃

pulmonary TB.

The study result found that factors related to the occurrence of pulmonary

􀀷􀀥􀀃 􀁄􀁊􀁈􀀃 􀂕􀀔􀀘􀀃 􀁜􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁖􀀃 􀁒􀁏􀁇􀀃 􀁄􀁕􀁈􀀃 􀁇􀁌􀁄􀁅􀁈􀁗􀁈􀁖􀀃 􀀋􀀳􀀲􀀵􀀠􀀖􀀏􀀕􀀘􀀌􀀏􀀃 􀁐􀁄􀁕􀁌􀁗􀁄􀁏􀀃 􀁖􀁗􀁄􀁗􀁘􀁖􀀃 􀀋􀁘􀁑􀁐􀁄􀁕􀁕􀁌􀁈􀁇􀀌􀀃

(POR=0,44), smoking history (POR=1,93), and interaction between nutritional

status and age (POR=21,31). Control and preventive efforts of risk factors of

pulmonary TB, such as nutrition education, counseling about the need to control

blood glucose among diabetes patient, and expanding no smoking area are

important to do in order to decrease prevalence of pulmonary TB and support the

success of pulmonary TB control program in DKI Jakarta]"

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggunakan disain case control untuk melihat besar risikoanak yang tidak diimunisasi BCG untuk terkena TB Paru. Kasus dan kontrol adalahanak kota Sukabumi usia 0-5 tahun yang diperoleh dari laporan rutin program TB,imunisasi, KIA dan Gizi di dinas kesehatan kota Sukabumi. Hasil analisis bivariatmenunjukkan bahwa anak yang tidak diimunisasi BCG memiliki risiko 3,270 kalilebih besar untuk terkena TB paru dibandingkan anak yang diimunisasi BCG.Sedangkan hasil analisis multivariat yang memasukkan variabel kunjunganneonatal sebagai variabel interaksi dan variabel berat badan lahir sebagaiconfounding menunjukkan bahwa anak yang tidak diimunisasi BCG dan kunjunganneonatal < 3 kali memiliki tingkat Risiko sebesar 5,63 kali lebih tinggi untukterkena TB paru dibandingkan anak yang diimunisasi BCG dan kunjungan neonatal= 3 kali (kelompok referens). Adapun tingkat risiko anak yang tidak diimunisasiBCG dan kunjungan neonatal = 3 kali adalah sebesar 1,13 kali lebih besar untukterkena TB paru dibandingkan kelompok referens dan anak yang diimunisasi BCGnamun kunjungan neonatal<3 memiliki tingkat risiko 4,99 kali lebih besar darikelompok referens. Dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa efikasi vaksin BCG tanpainteraksi adalah dengan 67% sedangkan efikasi vaksin BCG dengan interaksiadalah 82%. ini berarti, efikasi vaksin di Kota Sukabumi mengalami peningkatandengan adanya interaksi variabel kunjungan neonatal dengan imunisasi BCG.

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ABSTRACTThis study used case control design to look at the risk of children not immunizedwith BCG for pulmonary tuberculosis. Case and control are children under 5years old in Sukabumi City obtained from regular reports of TB program,immunization, KIA and Nutrition at health office in Sukabumi city. The resultof bivariate analysis showed that children who were not immunized with BCGhad a risk at 3.270 times higher to have pulmonary TB than children wereimmunized with BCG. While the results of multivariate analysis that includedneonatal visit variables as interaction variables and born weight variables asconfounding showed that children were not immunized with BCG and neonatalvisits < 3 times had a Risk level at 5.63 times higher for pulmonary tuberculosisthan immunized children BCG and neonatal visits = 3 times (reference group).The risk of children not immunized by BCG and neonatal visits = 3 times was1.13 times higher for pulmonary tuberculosis than the referent group andchildren immunized with BCG but neonatal visits <3 had a risk level 4.99 timesgreater than the group Referens. From these results it is known that the efficacyof BCG vaccine without interaction is 67 % while the efficacy of BCG vaccinewith interaction is 82 %. This means, the efficacy of vaccine BCG in SukabumiCity has increased with the interaction between neonatal visit variable and BCGimmunization"

"Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2020 penyakit TB menempati peringkat kedua penyebab utama kematian akibat infeksi agen tunggal. Infeksi TB pada anak masih menjadi salah satu penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas sehingga dibutuhkan tindakan preventif dan promotif yang tepat untuk menurunkan angka insiden TB salah satunya dengan mengevaluasi faktor-faktor risiko kejadian TB paru pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru pada anak di Kota Bekasi tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus-kontrol dengan sampel 135 kasus dan 135 kontrol yang diambil berdasarkan data SITB Kota Bekasi. Variabel yang diteliti antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, status vaksinasi BCG, riwayat kontak serumah dengan penderita TB, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang tua, kepadatan hunian, ventilasi rumah, dan sumber pencahayaan. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko usia 0 - ≤5 tahun (OR 2,27; 95% CI: 1,22-4,22), status vaksinasi BCG negatif (OR 7,96; 95% CI: 2,02-31,40), status gizi kurang (OR 13,24; 95% CI: 5,44-32,22), riwayat kontak TB serumah lebih dari 4 minggu (OR 4,52; 95% CI: 2,41-8,48), dan pencahayaan rumah tidak memenuhi syarat (OR 2,39; 95% CI: 1,17-4,84) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian TB paru pada anak di Kota Bekasi tahun 2022.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in worldwide. In 2020 TB disease is the second leading cause of death due to single agent infection. TB infection in children is still one of the causes of mortality and morbidity, so appropriate preventive and promotive measures are needed to reduce the incidence of TB, one of which is by evaluating the risk factors for pulmonary TB in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in children in Bekasi City in 2022. This study used a case-control study with a sample of 135 cases and 135 controls taken based on SITB from Bekasi City. The variables studied included age, gender, nutritional status, BCG immunization status, history of household contact with TB, parents' education level, parents' occupation, occupancy density, house ventilation, and lighting sources. The results of the study based on multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors were age 0 - ≤5 years (OR 2,27; 95% CI: 1,22-4,22), negative BCG immunization status (OR 7,96; 95% CI: 2,02-31,40), malnutrition status (OR 13,24; 95% CI: 5,44-32,22), history of contact with TB in the household for more than 4 weeks (OR 4,52; 95% CI: 2,41-8,48), and house lighting not requirements (OR 2,39; 95% CI: 1,17-4,84) has a significant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary TB in children in Bekasi City in 2022."