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"Intensi berganti produk pada konsumen perlu menjadi pertimbangan produsen karena perilaku konsumen tersebut dapat memberikan dampak pada perusahaan. Pengukuran intensi berganti sudah banyak dilakukan dengan menerapkan Push-Pull-Mooring Model untuk melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi berganti. Penelitian-penelitian yang sudah ada masih minim melibatkan pendekatan informasi sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi berganti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berusaha mengintegrasikan Information Adoption Model (IAM) ke dalam Push-Pull-Mooring Model untuk melihat pengaruh informasi terhadap intensi berpindah. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma positivistik dengan menerapkan logika deduktif dan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk membuktikan dugaan yang sudah dirumuskan. Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil secara purposive dengan karakteristik merupakan anggota atau pembaca informasi di komunitas daring Female Daily Network. Data primer diambil dengan teknik online survey menggunakan Google Form yang dikirimkan kepada followers Instagram dan twitter dari akun FDN. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional study. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegunaan informasi yang dikategorikan sebagai pull factor tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap intensi berganti. Sedangkan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa E-WOM negatif yang dikategorikan push factor memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap intensi berganti. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa adopsi informasi yang dikategorikan sebagai mooring factor tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap intensi berganti. Secara keseluruhan, model dalam penelitian ini memiliki berkontribusi yang cukup rendah dalam memprediksi intensi beganti pada konsumen kosmetik dalam komunitas daring.

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The switching intention on consumers is an important issue for any firm because it could give negative impact on business. The switching intention measurement has been carried out by applying the Push-Pull-Mooring Model to measure the factors that influence the switching intention. The prior studies of PPM Model have not measured the information approach as a factor that influencing switching intentions. Therefore, this study attempt to integrate the Information Adoption Model (IAM) into the Push-Pull-Mooring Model to assess the effect of information on switching intention. This study used a positivistic paradigm by applying deductive logic and quantitative approach to prove the formulated assumptions. The sample of this study was purposively taken by considering samples characteristic. Primary data was collected using an online survey technique with Google Forms that was sent to the followers account of Female Daily Network on Instagram and Twitter. The questionnaire was filled independently by respondents or self-administered. The research design of this research is a cross-sectional study. The results of this study indicated that information usefulness that categorized as push factor has not a significant effect towards switching intention on cosmetic products. Meanwhile, the result indicated that negative E-WOM categorized as push factor has a significant effect towards switching intention. Information adoption that categorized as mooring factor has not a significant effect towards switching intention. The overall model in this research has low contribution to predict switching intention on cosmetic consumers in online community."

"Besarnya pertumbuhan dari penggunaan layanan aplikasi Online Food Delivery (OFD) di Indonesia menjadikan layanan tersebut relevan dan penting bagi masyarakat. Perilaku konsumen dalam melakukan peralihan di antara aplikasi OFD yang populer mendorong perusahaan untuk berkompetisi dalam menarik dan mempertahankan pengguna yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi niat pengguna untuk beralih ke suatu aplikasi OFD. Penelitian ini menggunakan push-pull-mooring theory untuk menyelidiki niatan beralih (switching intention) masyarakat. Penelitian ini melakukan pengumpulan data kualitatif dari 12 responden dan data kuantitatif dari 786 responden. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan thematic analysis dan partial-least-square structural equation modeling dengan bantuan program SmartPLS4. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa promotions, social influence, dan prior switching experience berpengaruh terhadap switching intention pengguna aplikasi OFD. Kemudian, penelitian menemukan bahwa dissatisfaction with information, dissatisfaction with system quality, expensive price, inertia, ease of use, dan alternative attractiveness tidak berpengaruh terhadap switching intention pengguna aplikasi OFD. Selain itu, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa habit, sunk cost, dan setup cost berpengaruh terhadap inertia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi penyedia layanan aplikasi OFD agar bisa meningkatkan aspek yang diberikan oleh layanannya, agar pengguna lebih menikmati aspek yang berpengaruh baginya.

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Online food delivery (OFD) apps are a popular and important service for Indonesians. People frequently use, compare and switch between three OFD apps (Grabfood, Gofood and Shopeefood). In using these apps, there are significant aspects that influence people's switching. This study aims to analyze the factors that can influence users' intention to switch to an OFD app. This study uses push-pull-mooring theory to investigate people's switching intention. The study collected qualitative data from 12 respondents and quantitative data from 786 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and partial-least-square structural equation modeling with the help of the SmartPLS4 program. The results of this study found that promotions, social influence, and prior switching experience affect the switching intention of OFD application users. Then, the study found that dissatisfaction with information quality, dissatisfaction with system quality, expensive price, inertia, ease of use, superapp ecosystem, merchant and menu option, and application appearance have no effect on the switching intention of OFD application users. In addition, the study also found that habit, sunk cost, and setup cost affect inertia. Based on this, this research is expected to contribute to OFD application service providers in order to improve the aspects provided by their services, so that users enjoy the aspects that are influential for them."

"Besarnya pertumbuhan dari penggunaan layanan aplikasi Online Food Delivery (OFD) di Indonesia menjadikan layanan tersebut relevan dan penting bagi masyarakat. Perilaku konsumen dalam melakukan peralihan di antara aplikasi OFD yang populer mendorong perusahaan untuk berkompetisi dalam menarik dan mempertahankan pengguna yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi niat pengguna untuk beralih ke suatu aplikasi OFD. Penelitian ini menggunakan push-pull-mooring theory untuk menyelidiki niatan beralih (switching intention) masyarakat. Penelitian ini melakukan pengumpulan data kualitatif dari 12 responden dan data kuantitatif dari 786 responden. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan thematic analysis dan partial-least-square structural equation modeling dengan bantuan program SmartPLS4. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa promotions, social influence, dan prior switching experience berpengaruh terhadap switching intention pengguna aplikasi OFD. Kemudian, penelitian menemukan bahwa dissatisfaction with information, dissatisfaction with system quality, expensive price, inertia, ease of use, dan alternative attractiveness tidak berpengaruh terhadap switching intention pengguna aplikasi OFD. Selain itu, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa habit, sunk cost, dan setup cost berpengaruh terhadap inertia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi penyedia layanan aplikasi OFD agar bisa meningkatkan aspek yang diberikan oleh layanannya, agar pengguna lebih menikmati aspek yang berpengaruh baginya.

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Online food delivery (OFD) apps are a popular and important service for Indonesians. People frequently use, compare and switch between three OFD apps (Grabfood, Gofood and Shopeefood). In using these apps, there are significant aspects that influence people's switching. This study aims to analyze the factors that can influence users' intention to switch to an OFD app. This study uses push-pull-mooring theory to investigate people's switching intention. The study collected qualitative data from 12 respondents and quantitative data from 786 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and partial-least-square structural equation modeling with the help of the SmartPLS4 program. The results of this study found that promotions, social influence, and prior switching experience affect the switching intention of OFD application users. Then, the study found that dissatisfaction with information quality, dissatisfaction with system quality, expensive price, inertia, ease of use, superapp ecosystem, merchant and menu option, and application appearance have no effect on the switching intention of OFD application users. In addition, the study also found that habit, sunk cost, and setup cost affect inertia. Based on this, this research is expected to contribute to OFD application service providers in order to improve the aspects provided by their services, so that users enjoy the aspects that are influential for them."

"Besarnya pertumbuhan dari penggunaan layanan aplikasi Online Food Delivery (OFD) di Indonesia menjadikan layanan tersebut relevan dan penting bagi masyarakat. Perilaku konsumen dalam melakukan peralihan di antara aplikasi OFD yang populer mendorong perusahaan untuk berkompetisi dalam menarik dan mempertahankan pengguna yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi niat pengguna untuk beralih ke suatu aplikasi OFD. Penelitian ini menggunakan push-pull-mooring theory untuk menyelidiki niatan beralih (switching intention) masyarakat. Penelitian ini melakukan pengumpulan data kualitatif dari 12 responden dan data kuantitatif dari 786 responden. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan thematic analysis dan partial-least-square structural equation modeling dengan bantuan program SmartPLS4. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa promotions, social influence, dan prior switching experience berpengaruh terhadap switching intention pengguna aplikasi OFD. Kemudian, penelitian menemukan bahwa dissatisfaction with information, dissatisfaction with system quality, expensive price, inertia, ease of use, dan alternative attractiveness tidak berpengaruh terhadap switching intention pengguna aplikasi OFD. Selain itu, penelitian juga menemukan bahwa habit, sunk cost, dan setup cost berpengaruh terhadap inertia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi penyedia layanan aplikasi OFD agar bisa meningkatkan aspek yang diberikan oleh layanannya, agar pengguna lebih menikmati aspek yang berpengaruh baginya.

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Online food delivery (OFD) apps are a popular and important service for Indonesians. People frequently use, compare and switch between three OFD apps (Grabfood, Gofood and Shopeefood). In using these apps, there are significant aspects that influence people's switching. This study aims to analyze the factors that can influence users' intention to switch to an OFD app. This study uses push-pull-mooring theory to investigate people's switching intention. The study collected qualitative data from 12 respondents and quantitative data from 786 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis and partial-least-square structural equation modeling with the help of the SmartPLS4 program. The results of this study found that promotions, social influence, and prior switching experience affect the switching intention of OFD application users. Then, the study found that dissatisfaction with information quality, dissatisfaction with system quality, expensive price, inertia, ease of use, superapp ecosystem, merchant and menu option, and application appearance have no effect on the switching intention of OFD application users. In addition, the study also found that habit, sunk cost, and setup cost affect inertia. Based on this, this research is expected to contribute to OFD application service providers in order to improve the aspects provided by their services, so that users enjoy the aspects that are influential for them."

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Studi ini meneliti faktor secara keseluruhan yang mempengaruhi keinginan berpindah pelanggan pada penyedia layanan internet dengan menggunakan model Push-Pull Mooring. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran kuantitatif kuesioner survei online pada 185 responden Indonesia dengan pengalaman menggunakan internet kabel selama setidaknya 1 bulan. Pengukuran menggunakan metode SEM untuk menganalisa data perolehan riset. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor Push tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap keinginan berpindah konsumen, sedangkan faktor Pull dan Mooring memiliki pengaruh terhadap keinginan berpindah konsumen layanan internet. Sebagai moderasi, faktor Mooring memiliki dampak terhadap hubungan faktor Pull dengan keinginan berpindah, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap hubungan faktor Push dengan keinginan berpindah. Validasi faktor-faktor yang paling mempengaruhi niat switching pelanggan dapat menjadi referensi bagi penyedia layanan internet, sehingga perusahaan dapat merumuskan strategi pemasaran untuk meminimalkan niat switching pelanggan. Penelitian ini membangun model yang komprehensif terhadap niat beralih pelanggan dari penyedia layanan internet di Indonesia.

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This study examines the holistic factors that influence the customers switching intention on fixed internet services provider using the Push-Pull Mooring model. Employs quantitative measurements of online survey questionnaire on 185 Indonesian respondents with experience using cable internet for at least 1 months, the measurement uses structural equation model to examine the research data. The result shows that Push factors doesnt have impact to switching intention. However, Pull and Mooring factors have an impact to switching intention. As moderating, the mooring factor has an impact to Pull and switching intention relationship but hasnt significant impact to Push and switching intention relationship. Validation the most factors influence customers switching intention can be a reference for internet service provider, so that company can formulate marketing strategy to minimize customers switching intention. This study builds comprehensive model toward customer switching intention of internet service provider in Indonesia.

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"Penelitian ini menguji tiga kelompolc variabel dalam model Push, PNN, dan Mooring (PPM) terhadap keinginan berpindah kartu GSM prabayar pacla pelanggan generasi Y, khususnya untuk palajar SMP kelas IX, dan pelajar SMA di Jakarta. Push effect diukur dengan kualitas, kepuasan, nilai, kepercayaan, dan persepsi harga, mooring eject diukur dengan perilaku terhadap perpindahan, dan pull eject diukur dengan ketertarikan altematii Berdasarkan data dari 315 konsumen generasi Y yang diolah menggunakan metode SEM, maka dapat diketahui bahwa pull effect dan mooring effect berpengaruh pada timbulnya keinginan berpindah kartu GSM prabayar Sedangkan push eject tidak berpengaruh pada timbulnya keinginan berpindah kartu GSM prabayar, serta mooring eject tidak memoderasi pengaruh antara push eject dan pull efjiecf terdahap keinginan berpindah.

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This research examined the effect of three groups variables of Push, Pull, and Mooring (PPM) model toward switching Intention of GSM prepaid cellular card on customer generation Y, especially for junior high school students of class IX, and senior high school students in Jakarta. Push effect is measured by quality, satisfaction, value, trust, and price perception, mooring effect is measured by attitude toward switching, and pull effect is measured by alternative attractiveness. From the data of 3 15 constumer generation Y using SEM method, the research finds that pull effect and mooring effect have a significant effect toward the appearance of switching intention of GSM prepaid cellular card, while push effect do not seem to have effect toward the appearance of switching intention of GSM prepaid cellular card. This research also finds that mooring effect has no moderate effect toward the relationship between push effect and pull effect on switching intention."

"Tren sistem registrasi rekening online semakin meningkat terutama saat pandemi Covid-19 pada bank konvensional/syariah. Perkembangan tersebut menandakan semakin tinggi intensi adopsi sistem registrasi rekening online sehingga perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang dapat berpengaruh. Teori yang digunakan adalah Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM). Push factor terdiri dari perceived severity (PS), perceived vulnerability (PV), serta perceived inefficiency (PI). Pull factor terdiri dari perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), serta perceived privacy and security (PPS). Mooring factor terdiri dari institution-based trust (IBT), perceived innovativeness (PIO), serta social influence (SI). Usia dan tingkat pendidikan diteliti sebagai faktor moderasi. Pendekatan menggunakan explanatory sequential mixed methods dengan kuantitatif covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) yang dilanjutkan kualitatif. Hasil penyebaran kuesioner daring 404 responden valid dan wawancara 9 responden. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa faktor PS dan PV mendorong adopsi, faktor PEOU dan PU menarik adopsi, serta semua mooring factor berpengaruh terhadap adopsi. Namun, PI dan PPS tidak memengaruhi adopsi. Usia terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara PV, PU, PPS, dan IBT dengan adopsi, sedangkan tingkat pendidikan dapat moderasi antara PV, PEOU, dan SI dengan adopsi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya penelitian terdahulu dan bank sebagai penyedia sistem registrasi rekening online dapat mengatur strategi bisnis yang tepat.

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The trend of online account registration at conventional/sharia banks is increasing yearly, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. It indicates the intention to adopt an online account registration system is increasing, so it’s necessary to know the factors that influence it. This research uses Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory. Push factors are perceived severity (PS), perceived vulnerability (PV), perceived inefficiency (PI). Pull factors are perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived privacy and security (PPS). Mooring factors are institution-based trust (IBT), perceived innovativeness (PIO), social influence (SI). Age and education level were investigated as moderating factors. This research was conducted using an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach with Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) for quantitative and followed by qualitative. The results of online questionnaires were 404 valid respondents and interviews with 9 respondents. The analysis result is prove that PS and PV push the adoption, PEOU and PU pull the adoption, and all mooring factors affect the adoption. However, PI and PPS do not affect the adoption. Age is proven to moderate the relationship between PV, PU, PPS, and IBT with the adoption, while education level moderate between PV, PEOU, and SI with the adoption. This research is expected to enrich previous research and help banks to organize the proper business strategy."

"Tren sistem registrasi rekening online semakin meningkat terutama saat pandemi Covid-19 pada bank konvensional/syariah. Perkembangan tersebut menandakan semakin tinggi intensi adopsi sistem registrasi rekening online sehingga perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang dapat berpengaruh. Teori yang digunakan adalah Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM). Push factor terdiri dari perceived severity (PS), perceived vulnerability (PV), serta perceived inefficiency (PI). Pull factor terdiri dari perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), serta perceived privacy and security (PPS). Mooring factor terdiri dari institution-based trust (IBT), perceived innovativeness (PIO), serta social influence (SI). Usia dan tingkat pendidikan diteliti sebagai faktor moderasi. Pendekatan menggunakan explanatory sequential mixed methods dengan kuantitatif covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) yang dilanjutkan kualitatif. Hasil penyebaran kuesioner daring 404 responden valid dan wawancara 9 responden. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa faktor PS dan PV mendorong adopsi, faktor PEOU dan PU menarik adopsi, serta semua mooring factor berpengaruh terhadap adopsi. Namun, PI dan PPS tidak memengaruhi adopsi. Usia terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara PV, PU, PPS, dan IBT dengan adopsi, sedangkan tingkat pendidikan dapat moderasi antara PV, PEOU, dan SI dengan adopsi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya penelitian terdahulu dan bank sebagai penyedia sistem registrasi rekening online dapat mengatur strategi bisnis yang tepat.

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The trend of online account registration at conventional/sharia banks is increasing yearly, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. It indicates the intention to adopt an online account registration system is increasing, so it’s necessary to know the factors that influence it. This research uses Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory. Push factors are perceived severity (PS), perceived vulnerability (PV), perceived inefficiency (PI). Pull factors are perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived privacy and security (PPS). Mooring factors are institution-based trust (IBT), perceived innovativeness (PIO), social influence (SI). Age and education level were investigated as moderating factors. This research was conducted using an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach with Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) for quantitative and followed by qualitative. The results of online questionnaires were 404 valid respondents and interviews with 9 respondents. The analysis result is prove that PS and PV push the adoption, PEOU and PU pull the adoption, and all mooring factors affect the adoption. However, PI and PPS do not affect the adoption. Age is proven to moderate the relationship between PV, PU, PPS, and IBT with the adoption, while education level moderate between PV, PEOU, and SI with the adoption. This research is expected to enrich previous research and help banks to organize the proper business strategy."

"Tren sistem registrasi rekening online semakin meningkat terutama saat pandemi Covid-19 pada bank konvensional/syariah. Perkembangan tersebut menandakan semakin tinggi intensi adopsi sistem registrasi rekening online sehingga perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang dapat berpengaruh. Teori yang digunakan adalah Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM). Push factor terdiri dari perceived severity (PS), perceived vulnerability (PV), serta perceived inefficiency (PI). Pull factor terdiri dari perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), serta perceived privacy and security (PPS). Mooring factor terdiri dari institution-based trust (IBT), perceived innovativeness (PIO), serta social influence (SI). Usia dan tingkat pendidikan diteliti sebagai faktor moderasi. Pendekatan menggunakan explanatory sequential mixed methods dengan kuantitatif covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) yang dilanjutkan kualitatif. Hasil penyebaran kuesioner daring 404 responden valid dan wawancara 9 responden. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa faktor PS dan PV mendorong adopsi, faktor PEOU dan PU menarik adopsi, serta semua mooring factor berpengaruh terhadap adopsi. Namun, PI dan PPS tidak memengaruhi adopsi. Usia terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara PV, PU, PPS, dan IBT dengan adopsi, sedangkan tingkat pendidikan dapat moderasi antara PV, PEOU, dan SI dengan adopsi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya penelitian terdahulu dan bank sebagai penyedia sistem registrasi rekening online dapat mengatur strategi bisnis yang tepat.

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The trend of online account registration at conventional/sharia banks is increasing yearly, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. It indicates the intention to adopt an online account registration system is increasing, so it’s necessary to know the factors that influence it. This research uses Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) theory. Push factors are perceived severity (PS), perceived vulnerability (PV), perceived inefficiency (PI). Pull factors are perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived privacy and security (PPS). Mooring factors are institution-based trust (IBT), perceived innovativeness (PIO), social influence (SI). Age and education level were investigated as moderating factors. This research was conducted using an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach with Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) for quantitative and followed by qualitative. The results of online questionnaires were 404 valid respondents and interviews with 9 respondents. The analysis result is prove that PS and PV push the adoption, PEOU and PU pull the adoption, and all mooring factors affect the adoption. However, PI and PPS do not affect the adoption. Age is proven to moderate the relationship between PV, PU, PPS, and IBT with the adoption, while education level moderate between PV, PEOU, and SI with the adoption. This research is expected to enrich previous research and help banks to organize the proper business strategy."

"Penggunaan aplikasi messenger menjadi hal utama bagi masyarakat Indonesia saat ini untuk berkomunikasi. Munculnya isu privasi pada salah satu aplikasi messenger terbesar di dunia, membuat beberapa pengguna aplikasi tersebut, khususnya di Indonesia, memiliki keinginan untuk berpindah ke aplikasi messenger alternatif. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melakukan investigasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi intensi pengguna untuk beralih dari aplikasi messenger lama ke aplikasi messenger baru dengan menggunakan teori push, pull, dan mooring, khususnya dampak dari privacy dan security. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online. Data responden sebanyak 1.022 diolah dan dianalisis dengan metode CB-SEM menggunakan aplikasi AMOS 24.0 dan SPSS 25. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga faktor push, hanya dissatisfaction yang signifikan memengaruhi switching intention. Dissatisfaction juga terbukti signifikan sebagai mediator antara perceived privacy risk dan perceived security risk terhadap switching intention. Selanjutnya, faktor pull yang terdiri dari network externalities, subjective norm, dan alternative attractiveness terbukti memberikan pengaruh secara langsung terhadap switching intention. Selain itu, inersia, affective commitment, dan habit, berhasil memengaruhi switching intention sebagai faktor mooring. Penelitian ini juga melakukan analisis efek moderasi inersia terhadap hubungan antara faktor push dan pull dengan switching intention. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa inersia dapat memengaruhi hubungan subjective norm dengan switching intention. Penelitian ini dapat berkontribusi dalam melakukan analisis dampak dari masalah privasi dan keamanan terhadap intensi untuk berpindah aplikasi messenger. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat praktikal bagi penyedia layanan untuk implementasi fitur yang sesuai dan dapat mempertahankan pengguna serta menarik pengguna baru sesuai dengan faktor alternative attractiveness.

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The use of messenger applications is the main thing for Indonesian people today to communicate. The emergence of privacy issues in one of the largest messenger applications in the world has made some users of the application, especially in Indonesia, have the desire to switch to an alternative messenger application. This research aims to investigate the intensity of users switching from the old messenger application to the new messenger application by using push, pull, and mooring factors, especially the impact of privacy and security. This study applies a quantitative approach by distributing online questionnaires. The data of 1,022 respondents were processed and analyzed by the CB- SEM method using the AMOS 24.0 and SPSS 25 applications. The results of the analysis show that of the three push factors, only dissatisfaction significantly affects switching intention. Dissatisfaction was also shown to be significant as a mediator between perceived privacy risk and perceived security risk. Furthermore, pull factors consisting of network externalities, subjective norms, and alternatives attractiveness have been shown to have a direct influence on switching intention. In addition, inertia, affective commitment, and habit succeeded in influencing switching intention as a mooring factor. This study also analyzes the moderating effect of inertia on the relationship between push and pull factors and switching intention. The results of the analysis show that inertia can affect the relationship between subjective norms and switching intentions. This research can contribute to analyzing the impact of privacy and security on the intensity of switching messenger applications. This research is expected to provide benefits for industry players to implement appropriate features and can keep current users also attract new users based on alternative attractiveness factors."