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"Pendidikan inklusif merupakan sistem pendidikan yang dewasa ini diimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) di sekolah umum. Pada konteks Indonesia, penerapan pendidikan inklusif memiliki beberapa hambatan, termasuk didalamnya adalah peran guru dalam memberikan strategi pengajaran inklusif yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran mediasi teacher efficacy terhadap hubungan antara dukungan sekolah dan strategi pengajaran inklusif di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah BCSQ (Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire), PSSIE (Perceived School Support for Inclusive Education), dan TEIP (Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 324 guru SD inklusif dari 15 provinsi. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa teacher efficacy memiliki peran mediasi total terhadap hubungan antara dukungan sekolah dan strategi pengajaran inklusif, yaitu dengan direct effect yang tidak signifikan (β=0,1128, p=0,051) dan indirect effect yang signifikan (β=0,2636, [0,1882, 0,3570]). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan dari sekolah untuk mengimplementasikan pendidikan inklusif akan mempengaruhi efikasi guru dalam mengajar, sehingga akan memunculkan strategi pengajaran inklusif. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan observasi langsung terhadap strategi pengajaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini memiliki implikasi yang kuat untuk meningkatkan praktik pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia, terutama dalam pemberdayaan guru dalam pengajaran inklusif.

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Inclusive education has become the world’s recent strategy to increase student with special needs’ (SEN) participation in mainstream school. In Indonesia, inclusive education has several obstacles, including the role of teachers in giving inclusive teaching strategies that were not optimum. This study investigated the mediation of teacher efficacy towards the relationship between school support and teaching strategies in an inclusive primary school in Indonesia. The measurement used in this study were BCSQ (Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire), PSSIE (Perceived School Support for Inclusive Education), and TEIP (Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice). The participants were 324 inclusive primary school teachers from 15 provinces. Process Mediation Model analysis revealed that teacher efficacy has a total mediation role in the relationship between school support and inclusive teaching strategies, which shown by significant direct effect (β=0,1128, p=0,051) and insignificant indirect effect (β=0,2636, [0,1882, 0,3570]). This reflects a notion that the supports from school will lead to teacher efficacy in teaching SEN, then effective inclusive teaching strategys will emerge. Further research could consider direct observation of inclusive teaching. The results have strong implications to enhance inclusive education practice in Indonesia, especially for teacher empowerment in terms of inclusive teaching."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara teacher efficacy dengan strategi pengajaran pada guru Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Swasta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 11 SD Inklusif Swasta di Jakarta dan Depok. Total responden dari penelitian yakni 70 guru SD Inklusif Swasta. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Teacher?s Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) untuk mengukur teacher efficacy dan The Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ) untuk mengukur strategi pengajaran inklusif. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara teacher efficacy dengan strategi pengajaran pada guru di SD Inklusif Swasta (r (70)= .247, p<0.05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin yakin guru terhadap kemampuan dirinya maka guru akan semakin sering menggunakan strategi pengajaran yang beragam. Selain itu, peneliti juga melihat perbedaan teacher efficacy dan strategi pengajaran dilihat dari pernah atau tidaknya guru mengikuti pelatihan. Ditemukan tidak ada perbedaan teacher efficacy (t(68)= -.026, p>.05) dan strategi pengajaran (t(68)=.188,p>.05) pada kelompok guru yang pernah dan tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa baik guru yang pernah mengikuti pelatihan maupun guru yang tidak pernah mengikuti pelatihan memiliki keyakinan yang sama mengenai kemampuan dirinya untuk melakukan pengajaran dan menggunakan strategi pengajaran inklusif yang sama di kelas.

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The objective of this research is to examine relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching strategy on teacher in private inclusive primary school. This research is conducted in 11 private inclusive primary school in Jakarta and Depok area, with total respondent of 70 teachers. Teacher?s sense of efficacy scale (TSES) and the The Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ) are administered to measure teacher efficacy and inclusive teaching strategy respectively. Significant positive correlations found between teacher efficacy and teaching strategy on teacher in private inclusive primary school (r (70)= .247, p<0.05).

This shows that teachers with high self efficacy are more often employing different teaching strategies. Differences in the correlation between teacher efficacy and teaching strategy are observed from whether the teacher had training before. No differences are found in the correlation between teacher efficacy (t(68)= -.026, p>.05) and teaching strategy (t(68)=.188,p>.05) on teacher who have and have not received training. This shows that both teacher with and without training have the same self efficacy to do teaching and to employ inclusive teaching strategy in the class."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara teacher efficacy dan strategi pengajaran guru yang ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar, pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri di lingkungan kota Depok, Bogor, dan Jakarta dengan jumlah responden 78 guru. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teacher Sense's of Efficacy Scale (TSES) dan Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara teacher efficacy dengan strategi pengajaran pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri dengan nilai (r(78)= 0.37, p<0.01). Hasil ini menunjukan semakin tinggi keyakinan yang dimiliki, semakin bervariasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan pada guru sekolah inklusif Negeri. Pada guru yang mengajar 1-3 tahun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang siginifikan dengan nilai (r(29)=0.11, p>0.05), pada guru yang mengajar 4-5 tahun dan 7-18 tahun ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai (r(26)= 0.59, p<0.01) dan (r(23)= 0.42, p<0.05). Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pengalaman mengajar yang dimiliki guru berpengaruh terhadap hubungan antara keyakinan yang dimiliki dengan variasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa pengalaman mengajar yang dimiliki tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap teacher efficacy yang dimiliki, tetapi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching strategies teachers in terms of teaching experience of the National elementary inclusive school teachers in the city of Depok, Bogor and Jakarta with the number of respondents 78 teachers. Measuring instrument used in this study is Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ). The results of this study showed positive and significant relationship between teacher efficacy with teaching strategies of National elementary inclusive school teachers by value (r(78) = 0.37, p<0.01).

This result suggests that the higher the confidence, the more varied teaching strategies used by the National elementary inclusive school teachers. Teachers who teach 1-3 year was not found significant relationship with value (r(29) = 0.11, p>0.05), there was a significant correlation with the value (r( 26) = 0:59, p<0:01) and (r(23) = 0:42, p<0.05) for the teachers who teach 4-5 years and 7-18 years. These results indicate that the teachers experience teaching affect the relationship between teacher efficacy they have with the variation of teaching strategies used. Results from this study also shows that teaching experience possessed no significant influence on teacher efficacy, but significantly influence the variation of teaching strategies used on National elementary inclusive school teachers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara teacher efficacy dan dimensi teacher efficacy dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur teacher efficacy adalah Teachers? Sense of Efficacy Scale sedangkan untuk mengukur sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif digunakan Multidimensional Atitude toward Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah guru-guru di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri (N=100). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara teacher efficacy dan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Dengan kata lain, ketika guru memiliki skor teacher efficacy yang tinggi, guru tersebut cenderung memiliki sikap yang positif terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Sebaliknya, ketika guru memiliki skor teacher efficacy yang rendah, maka guru tersebut cenderung memiliki sikap yang negatif terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan dimensi teacher efficacy ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pada dimensi instructional strategies & student engagement dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri. Sebaliknya, untuk dimensi classroom management ditemukan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri. Untuk meningkatkan teacher efficacy yang dimiliki oleh guru di sekolah dasar inklusif negeri, pihak sekolah dapat menyediakan fasilitas seperti alat peraga dan guru pendamping khusus serta membatasi jumlah siswa di tiap kelas.

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This research is conducted to find about the relationship between teacher efficacy and dimensions of teacher efficacy with attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. The instruments of this study were Teachers? Sense of Efficacy Scale (to measure teacher efficacy) and Multidimensional Atitude toward Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) (to measure attitude teacher toward inclusive education). Participants of this study were teacher in public inclusive elementary school (N=100).

The result of research showed that there is a positive significant correlation between teacher efficacy and attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. This finding suggests when teachers have high score in teacher efficacy, they tend to have positive attitude toward inclusive education. On the contrary, when teachers have low score in teacher efficacy, they tend to have negative attitude toward inclusive education.

The results of research related to dimensions of teacher efficacy found that there is positive significant correlation between efficacy in student engagement and efficacy in instructional strategies dimensions with teacher attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. In the other hand, efficacy in classroom management dimension showed there is no positive significant correlation with attitude toward inclusive education in public inclusive elementary school. In order to increase teacher efficacy in public inclusive elementary school, schools can provide facilities such as property to teach, shadow teachers and also to limit the number of student in each class."

"Teacher efficacy dan sikap terhadap pendidikan inklusif merupakan salah satu hal yang dianggap akan memengaruhi keberhasilan pendidikan inklusif. Variabel Teacher efficacy maupun sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yaitu pengalaman mengajar guru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara teacher efficacy dengan sikap terhadap pendidikan inklusif di sekolah dasar inklusif swasta yang ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar guru. Sebanyak sembilan puluh tujuh guru SD inklusif swasta di Jakarta dan Depok dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) untuk mengukur teacher efficacy dan Multidimensional Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan positif antara teacher efficacy dengan sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif (r (97)=321, p<.01). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi keyakinan guru akan kompetensinya sebagai pengajar maka semakin positif sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif. Di sisi lain, hubungan antara kedua variabel ketika ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar bervariasi. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan teacher efficacy (F(94)= .212, p>.05) maupun sikap guru (F(94)= .335, p>.05) pada guru dengan kelompok pengalaman mengajar yang berbeda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa guru dengan pengalaman mengajar yang berbeda memiliki keyakinan yang sama akan kompetensinya sebagai pengajar dan memiliki sikap yang sama terhadap pendidikan inklusi.

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It has been argued that teacher efficacy and attitude towards inclusive education have positive effect for the successful of inclusive education. Both teacher efficacy and attitude towards inclusive education are influenced by teaching experiences. This study is aimed to analyze the relationship between teacher efficacy and teacher attitude toward inclusive education reviewed by teaching experiences in private elementary school in Jakarta and Depok. 97 private elementary teachers are involve in this research. This quantitative study uses Teacher?s Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) to measure teacher efficacy and Multidimensional Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) to measure teachers attitude. The result reveals that there is significant positive correlation between teacher efficacy and teacher attitude towards inclusive education (r (97)=321, p<.01). it shows that when the teachers have high efficacy about their competence so the more positive their attitude towards inclusive education. In the other side, the relationship between two variables when reviewed by teaching experiences are various. This study also shows there is no differences in teacher efficacy (F(94)= .212, p>.05) and teacher attitude (F(94)= .335, p>.05) for the teacher with different teaching experiences. This study reveals that teacher with different teaching experiences have same belief about their competence as a teacher and have same attitude toward inclusive education."

"Pendidikan inklusif menuntut guru untuk berinteraksi tidak hanya dengan siswa reguler namun juga siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif dan manajemen kelas, serta mendapatkan gambaran manajemen kelas seperti apa yang dilakukan guru di kelas inklusif. Sejumlah 40 guru kelas dari delapan Sekolah Dasar Negeri Inklusif di Depok terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif diukur menggunakan MATIES-VI dan manajemen kelas diukur melalui alat ukur manajemen kelas. Untuk melihat perilaku manajemen kelas guru, dilakukan observasi melalui video rekaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif dan manajemen kelas dengan nilai korelasi r sebesar 0,475 ? < 0,01 . Sementara hasil observasi memperlihatkan bahwa perilaku manajemen kelas guru lebih sering muncul pada dimensi format pembelajaran.

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Inclusive education requires teachers to interact not only with regular students but also special educational need SEN student. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the teachers rsquo attitudes towards inclusive education and classroom management, and also get an overview about classroom management that teachers actually do in inclusive classroom. 40 teachers from eight Inclusive Public Primary School in Depok has been willing to engage in this research. The attitude of teachers towards inclusive education is measured using the MATIES VI and classroom management is measured by classroom management instrument. To view the teachers rsquo classroom management, observations was done through the video footage.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the teachers rsquo attitude towards inclusive education and classroom management with a value of correlation r of 0,475 at 0,002 significance 0,01 . While the results of observations show that teachers rsquo classroom management behavior occurred more frequently in learning format dimension."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara teacher efficacy kepuasan kerja pada guru SD Negeri inklusi. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah guru SD Negeri inklusi yang berada di wilayah JABODETABEK sebanyak 77 orang. Kepuasan kerja diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang dimodifikasi oleh peneliti berdasarkan instrumen JSS (Job Satisfaction Survey) yang dikembangkan oleh Paul E. Spector (1985) yang terdiri atas sembilan aspek kepuasan kerja seperti gaji, kenaikan pangkat, atasan, imbalan, penghargaan, kondisi operasi kerja, Rekan kerja, pekerjaan itu sendiri dan komunikasi. Teacher efficacy diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang dimodifikasi oleh Winafaisal (2010) berdasarkan instrumen OSTES (Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Sense) yang dikembangkan oleh Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy (2001) dengan tiga dimensi yakni Efficacy in Student Engagement, Efficacy in Instructional Strategies dan Efficacy in Classroom.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kepuasan kerja dan teacher efficacy mengunakan teknik korelasi pearson (r = 0.249). Aspek nature of work pada kepuasan kerja juga memiliki korelasi positif dengan teacher efficacy (korelasi parsial = 0,336). Implikasi dari penelitian ini penting bagi pengembangan dunia pendidikan inklusi di Indonesia khususnya yang berkaitan dengan teacher efficacy dan kepuasan kerja bagi guru sekolah dasar negeri inklusi.

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The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is any between teacher efficacy and job satisfaction among public inclusive elementary school teachers. Participants of this study are inclusive public elementary school teacher located around JABODETABEK. Job satisfaction was measured by instrument modified by researcher based on JSS (Job Satisfaction Survey) which originally developed by Paul E. Spector (1985) with nine aspect of job satisfaction (Pay, Promotion, Supervision, Fringe Benefit, Contingen reward, Operating condition, Co-worker, Nature of work and Communication). Teacher efficacy was measured by instrument modified by Winafaisal (2010) based on OSTES (Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Sense) originally developed by Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy (2001) with three dimention (Efficacy in Student Engagement, Efficacy in Instructional Strategies and Efficacy in Classroom Management).This current study shows that there is a significant correlation between job satisfaction and teacher efficacy using Pearson Correlation (r=0,249). The nature of work aspect in job satisfaction also has positive correlation with instructional engagement aspect in teacher efficacy (partial correlation= 0,336). This study has important implications for the development of inclusive education in Indonesia, particularly those related to teacher efficacy and job satisfaction for public inclusive elementary school teachers."

"Guru di sekolah dasar (SD) inklusif menghadapi beragam tantangan yang dapat berdampak pada penurunan performa guru dalam mengajar, termasuk perilaku mengembangkan kreativitas pada siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara self-compassion guru SD inklusif dengan creativity fostering teacher behavior (CFTB). Penelitian yang melibatkan 143 partisipan guru ini menggunakan alat ukur CFTIndex untuk mengukur CFTB dan SWD untuk mengukur self-compassion . Hasil penelitian menggunakan Spearman’s rho menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara self-compassion dan CFTB pada guru SD inklusif. Di sisi lain, dimensi self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, mindfulness , dan overidentification berhubungan secara signifikan dengan CFTB. Namun, hubungan yang tidak signifikan ditemukan pada dimensi isolation dan CFTB. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini adalah dapat menjadi pijakan bagi penelitian selanjutnya yang serupa dan meningkatkan kesadaran bagi pihak sekolah serta guru SD inklusif akan pentingnya self-compassion dalam pelaksanaan CFTB.

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Playing the role of a teacher in an inclusive elementary school does not rule out the possibility of facing challenges that can impact teacher performance in teaching, including fostering student’s creativity. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-compassion and creativity fostering teacher behavior (CFTB) in inclusive elementary school teachers. This study involved 143 participating class teachers and subject teachers at inclusive primary schools with at least 1 year of teaching experience. The instruments used are CFTIndex to measure CFTB  and SWD to measure self-compassion. The results of the study using Spearman's rho showed that there was a significant relationship between self-compassion and CFTB in inclusive elementary school teachers. In addition, the dimensions of self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, mindfulness, and overidentification are significantly related to CFTB. However, no significant relationship was found in the dimension of isolation and CFTB. The implication of the results of this study is that it can become a basis for further similar research and increase awareness for schools and inclusive elementary school teachers of the importance of self-compassion in the implementation of CFTB."

"ABSTRAK

Sikap dan strategi pengajaran pada guru di sekolah inklusif memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap keberhasilan pendidikan inklusif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji hubungan antara sikap dan strategi pengajaran gruru. Sebanyak seratus guru yang mengajar di SD inklusif dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini.

Hasil penelitian menemukan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan strategi pengajaran guru di SD negeri inklusif. Di sisi lain, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan strategi pengajaran guru di SD swasta inklusif. Penelitian ini juga menemukan tidak terdapat perbedaan strategi pengajaran guru di SD negeri Inklusif dan SD swasta inklusif. Sementara itu, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada komponen kognitif dan afektif sikap terhadap pendidikan inklusif antara guru SD negeri inklusif dan guru SD swasta inklusif. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya didiskusikan dalam penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACT

It has been argued that attitudes and teaching strategies of teachers have positive effect on the successful implementation of inclusive education. This study was set up to examine the relationship between atitudes and teaching strategies of teachers. One hundred inclusive primary school teachers were involved in this research.

The results show that there is no significant correlation between attitudes and teaching strategies of teachers working in inclusive public primary school. On the other hand, it was found that teachers’ attitudes in inclusive private primary school has a significant correlation with their teaching strategies. Furthermore, there is a significant difference on cognitive and affective components of attitudes between groups of teachers working in the two types of school.The study

reveals that there is no a significant difference on teaching strategies between these groups. Recommendations for future research are discussed in the study.

"

"Pendidikan inklusi memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa berkebutuhan khusus untuk menerima kualitas pendidikan yang sama dengan siswa reguler pada umumnya. Akan tetapi, dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat beberapa hambatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sikap guru dan peer acceptance siswa reguler terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Swasta. Penelitian diikuti oleh guru kelas (N=45) dan siswa reguler (N=294) kelas 4, 5 dan 6. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Multidimentional Attitude toward Inclusive Education (MATIES) dan Peer Acceptance Scale (PAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap guru dan peer acceptance siswa reguler terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Swasta. Namun, ditemukan bahwa dari sikap guru komponen kognitif memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan peer acceptance siswa reguler terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif Swasta. Juga, tidak ditemukan perbedaan sikap guru antara guru yang memiliki pengalaman mengajar kurang dari 6 tahun dan guru yang memiliki pengalaman mengajar lebih dari 6 tahun.

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Inclusive education provides the opportunity for students with special needs to receive the same quality of education to regular students in general. However, in practice there are still some obstacles. This study aims to determine the relationship between teacher attitude and peer acceptance of regular students towards student with special needs in inclusive private primary school. The study followed by classroom teachers (N = 45) and regular students (N = 294) of grade 4, 5 and 6. The measuring instrument used in this study is Multidimentional Attitude toward Inclusive Education (MATIES) and Peer Acceptance Scale (PAS).

The results showed that there was no significant relationship between teacher attitude and peer acceptance of regular students towards student with special needs in Inclusive Private Primary School. However, it was found that the cognitive component of teacher attitudes have a significant relationship with peer acceptance of regular students towards student with special needs in Inclusive Private Primary School. As well, there was no difference in the attitudes of teachers among teachers who have teaching experience less than 6 years and teachers who have teaching experience more than 6 years."