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"Salah satu organ yang paling penting selama kehamilan adalah plasenta yang berfungsi sebagai paru-paru, hati, dan ginjal bagi janin. Seperti yang diketahui, plasenta mampu menghasilkan glukosa dengan menggunakan salah satu enzim glukoneogenensis yaitu enzim Fosphoenolpyruvate Karboksikinase (PEPCK). Kehadiran enzim PEPCK dikaitkan dengan hipoksia yang merupakan indikasi suatu kondisi patologis dan komplikasi pada kehamilan. Dikarenakan masih kurangnya penelitian yang membahas PEPCK dan plasenta, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi PEPCK pada plasenta normal. Ada 27 sampel plasenta yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan sandwich ELISA, untuk mengukur konsentrasi PEPCK. Prinsip sandwich ELISA adalah dengan menggunakan dua antibodi untuk mengidentifikasi antigen PEPCK. Hasil akhir dari percobaan sandwich ELISA diukur menggunakan microplate reader pada 450 nm untuk menentukan konsentrasi protein dan dibagi dengan total konsentrasi protein untuk mendapatkan hasil konsentrasi PEPCK dalam ng/mg protein. Nilai median konsentrasi PEPCK dari 27 sampel plasenta adalah 1.552 ng/mg protein (p<0.05) dengan nilai minimal 0.741 dan nilai maksimum 8.832 ng/mg protein. Hasil dari masing-masing sampel juga diklasifikasikan ke dalam empat kelompok berdasarkan karakteristik mereka yang merupakan berat lahir bayi, graviditas ibu, usia kehamilan, dan usia ibu. Konsentrasi PEPCK yang diukur memiliki median sebesar 1.552 ng/mg protein. Konsentrasi PEPCK ditemukan lebih tinggi pada kelompok usia ibu ≥35 tahun, berat lahir bayi <3000 gram, post-term kelahiran, dan primigravida. Nilai PEPCK dari plasenta bisa digunakan sebagai rujukan untuk kondisi patologis pada kehamilan.

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he placenta, one of the most vital organs in pregnancy, is found to be able to produce glucose by using Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase(PEPCK) enzyme, one of the gluconeogenesis enzymes. The presence of PEPCK is associated with hypoxia, an indication of pregnancy complications. Due to the limited data discussing PEPCK and placenta, this research aims to measure the concentration of PEPCK in the normal placenta. This research uses sandwich ELISA to measure PEPCK concentration of 27 samples. Its principle is by using two antibodies to identify PEPCK antigen. The end result of the experiment is measured using microplate reader at 450 nm to determine the protein concentration and divided by the total protein concentration to get a result in ng/mg protein. The median of measured PEPCK concentration is 1.552 (p<0.05) with a minimum of 0.741 and a maximum of 8.832 ng/mg protein. The results are also classified into four groups based on their characteristics which are the birth weight of the baby, gravidity of the mother, term of pregnancy (gestational age), and maternal age. PEPCK concentration has a median of 1.552 ng/mg protein. PEPCK concentration is found to be higher in ≥35 years old maternal age, <3000 gram birth weight, post term delivery, and primigravida samples. This result can be used as a comparable data for pathological conditions in pregnancies."

"The human foetus is separated from the maternal blood by the syncytiotrophoblast induced by endogeneous human retrovirus-encoded proteins. This barrier is a highly developed one, which suppors apical-basolateral transport of maternal idiotype and anti-idiotype IgG, IgG-virus complexes. The selective maternal-fetal transport of epitope- and paratope-bearing entities can influence the developping fetal immune system during pregnancy. The bidirectional maternal-fetal transfer of cells are of even more importance during pregnancy. Maternal cells with latent viruses transport viruses without impairment of fetal development. Cells with premaligant and malignant genetic transformation are also transported to the fetus. Fetal and neonatal tumours are initiated by such cells in spite of the antitumour potential of fetal organism. On the contary, the fetal cells repair maternal tissue injouries and survive in the organisms of the recipients for decades. These possess new consequences for the neonatal immunity and organ transplatation surgery."

"[ABSTRAKIbu hamil risiko tinggi rentan mengalami kecemasan dan depresi yang berdampak pada kelekatannya dengan janin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kelekatan ibu dan janin pada ibu hamil risiko tinggi. Penelitian cross sectional ini melibatkan 108 ibu hamil risiko tinggi yang dipilih menggunakan consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan kelekatan ibu dan janin pada ibu hamil risiko tinggi (p=0.003). Ibu dengan dukungan sosial tinggi berpeluang 3,9 kali mempunyai kelekatan tinggi dengan janinnya dibandingkan ibu yang dukungan sosialnya rendah setelah dikontrol depresi (OR=3.9; 95% CI=1.66-8.99). Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa aspek psikososial perlu lebih diperhatikan dalam perawatan ibu hamil sehingga status sejahtera bagi ibu dan bayi dapat dicapai.

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ABSTRACTHigh risk pregnant women tend to experience anxiety and depression that occur prenatal attachment dismissed. This study aimed to identify the relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women. This cross sectional study involved 108 high risk pregnant women which selected by consecutive sampling. The result showed that there is relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women (p= 0,003). Pregnant women with high social support had prenatal attachment 3,9 times higher than women with low social support after controlled by depression (OR= 3,9; 95% CI=1.66-8.99). This finding confirms that the psychosocial aspects need to be considered in the antenatal care in order to achieve the wellness status for both mother and the baby.;High risk pregnant women tend to experience anxiety and depression that occur prenatal attachment dismissed. This study aimed to identify the relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women. This cross sectional study involved 108 high risk pregnant women which selected by consecutive sampling. The result showed that there is relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women (p= 0,003). Pregnant women with high social support had prenatal attachment 3,9 times higher than women with low social support after controlled by depression (OR= 3,9; 95% CI=1.66-8.99). This finding confirms that the psychosocial aspects need to be considered in the antenatal care in order to achieve the wellness status for both mother and the baby.;High risk pregnant women tend to experience anxiety and depression that occur prenatal attachment dismissed. This study aimed to identify the relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women. This cross sectional study involved 108 high risk pregnant women which selected by consecutive sampling. The result showed that there is relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women (p= 0,003). Pregnant women with high social support had prenatal attachment 3,9 times higher than women with low social support after controlled by depression (OR= 3,9; 95% CI=1.66-8.99). This finding confirms that the psychosocial aspects need to be considered in the antenatal care in order to achieve the wellness status for both mother and the baby., High risk pregnant women tend to experience anxiety and depression that occur prenatal attachment dismissed. This study aimed to identify the relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women. This cross sectional study involved 108 high risk pregnant women which selected by consecutive sampling. The result showed that there is relationship between social support and prenatal attachment among high risk pregnant women (p= 0,003). Pregnant women with high social support had prenatal attachment 3,9 times higher than women with low social support after controlled by depression (OR= 3,9; 95% CI=1.66-8.99). This finding confirms that the psychosocial aspects need to be considered in the antenatal care in order to achieve the wellness status for both mother and the baby.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kelekatan dengan ibu dapat memengaruhi regulasi emosi marah pada remaja. Remaja yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja laki-laki dan perempuan yang berada pada rentang usia 16-21 tahun dan berdomisili di sekitar daerah Jabodetabek. Selain itu juga penting untuk diperhatikan bahwa remaja yang menjadi partisipan juga memiliki sosok ibu atau caregiver sebagai figur kelekatan. Alat ukur kelekatan dengan ibu yang digunakan adalah Mother Attachment Sub-Scale dari Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revisited (IPPA-R) yang diciptakan oleh Armsden dan Greenberg (2009) dan diadaptasi pada penelitian sebelumnya oleh Annisa Binarti (2012). Sedangkan alat ukur regulasi emosi marah yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Anger Management Scale Short Forms Version (AMS-20) yang dibuat oleh Stith dan Hamby (2002). Dengan menggunakan partisipan sebanyak 287 remaja, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan antara kelekatan dengan ibu dan regulasi emosi marah pada remaja (R2 = .046, F = 6.138, p < .01). Artinya, semakin tinggi skor kelekatan dengan ibu pada remaja, maka semakin tinggi pengaruhnya terhadap regulasi emosi marah. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa dimensi alienation memberikan pengaruh yang paling besar terhadap regulasi emosi marah.

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This study aimed to find out whether maternal attachment effects anger regulation in adolescents. Adolescents in this study were referred to them who are in the age of 16-21 years old and live around the Jabodetabek area. It was also important to note that adolescents who become participants also have mother(s) or caregiver(s) as the attachment figures. The instrument used to measure the maternal attachment in this study was Mother Attachment Sub-Scale of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Revisited (IPPA-R) created by Armsden and Greenberg (2009) that has already been adapted in the previous study by Annisa Binarti (2012). Meanwhile, the instrument used to measure anger regulation in this study was Anger Management Scale Short Forms Version (AMS-20) created by Stith and Hamby (2002). By using a total of 287 adolescent participants, the results of this study indicated that there is a significant positive effect of maternal attachment towards anger regulation in adolescents (R2 = .046, F = 6.138, p < .01). That is, the higher the maternal attachment?s score, the more effect it gives to anger regulation. In addition, this study also found that alienation gives the most effect towards anger regulation"

"Kehamilan merupakan proses alami yang terjadi pada seorang wanita. Pengalaman ini akan dihadapi oleh seorang ibu, perlu persiapan yang maksimal baik secara mental maupun fisik sehingga dapat meminimalkan kondisi yang abnormal. Kehamilan yang terjadi pada seorang ibu akan mempengaruhi kondisi fisiologis maupun psikososial, sehingga ibu hamil akan menlalui proses adaptasi, salah satu yang perlu diperhatikan yakni nutrisi yang baik untuk ibu dan janin. Selain itu, perubahan fisiologis pada ibu hamil terjadi peningkatan volume darah yang lebih cepat dari pembentukan sel darah merah. Apabila tidak diimbangi dengan konsumsi nutrisi yang cukup dapat menimbulkan anemia. Anemia merupakan suatu keadaan kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) darah yang lebih rendah dari kadar normal sesuai umur dan jenis kelamin. Sebagai akibat dari ketidakmampuan jaringan membentuk sel darah merah guna mempertahankan kadar hemoglobin pada tingkat normal. Seseorang wanita hamil yang memiliki Hb kurang dari 10g/dl barulah disebut anemia dalam kehamilan. Intervensi yang dilakukan adalah dengan pemberian jus bayam dan tomat yang mengandung kaya zat besi dan vitamin C. Intervensi ini dilakukan selama 7 hari. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa klien mengalami peningkatan kadar hemoglobin sebesar 9,4 g/dl.

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Pregnancy is a natural process that occurs in a woman. This experience will be faced by a mother, it needs maximum preparation both mentally and physically so as to minimize abnormal conditions. Pregnancy that occurs in a mother will affect physiological and psychosocial conditions, so that pregnant women will go through a process of adaptation, one of which needs to be considered is good nutrition for the mother and fetus. In addition, physiological changes in pregnant women include an increase in blood volume that is faster than the formation of red blood cells. If it is not balanced with adequate nutritional consumption, it can cause anemia. Anemia is a condition of blood hemoglobin (Hb) levels that are lower than normal levels according to age and gender. As a result of the inability of tissues to form red blood cells to maintain hemoglobin levels at normal levels. A pregnant woman who has an Hb of less than 10g/dl is then called anemia in pregnancy. The intervention was carried out by giving spinach and tomato juice containing rich iron and vitamin C. This intervention was carried out for 7 days. The results showed that the client had an increase in hemoglobin levels of 9.4 g/dl."