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"Rasisme sudah menjadi permasalahan umum di masyarakat khususnya bagi kelompok kulit hitam hingga saat ini. Di Jerman sendiri ujaran rasisme sudah diutarakan oleh Hitler sejak tahun 1933 yang pada saat itu menganggap bangsa Arya di atas segalanya, sehingga bangsa Yahudi dinilai tidak pantas untuk berada di Jerman. Peristiwa tersebut masih berdampak hingga saat ini, yaitu terdapat ujaran dan tindakan rasisme terhadap kelompok minoritas. Film Berlin Alexanderplatz (2020) yang menjadi korpus data dalam penelitian ini menampilkan bagaimana kehidupan imigran kulit hitam bertahan hidup dan mencapai kehidupan yang layak, sehingga penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana rasisme ditampilkan dan kelompok minoritas direpresentasikan dalam film Berlin Alexanderplatz (2020). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kajian pustaka serta teori sinematografi Joseph V. Mascelli dan teori representasi Stuart Hall untuk mencari makna dari percakapan dan adegan dalam film. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan rasisme dan representasi kelompok minoritas ditampilkan melalui tiga tahapan kehidupan yang dialami oleh Franz, yaitu ketika dirinya belum memiliki apa- apa, ketika dirinya telah berhasil mencapai kehidupan yang layak, dan ketika dirinya kembali ke tahap kehidupan awal yang tidak memiliki apa-apa. Pemaparan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok minoritas masih diperlakukan secara semena-mena dan keberadaannya dianggap remeh.

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Racism has been a common society issue, especially for black people. In Germany racism had been uttered by Hitler since 1933, which the Aryans were on the top amongst the other. Therefore, the Jewish were not considered fit to live in Germany. The event still has an impact until now, namely there are racism actions and speech against the minorities. The film Berlin Alexanderplatz (2020) which is the corpus of this research shows how the lives of black immigrants survive and achieve a decent life, so this research focuses on how racism is showed and minority groups are represented in the film Berlin Alexanderplatz (2020). Theory of cinematography by Joseph V. Mascelli, theory of representation by Stuart Hall, qualitative methods and literature review are used to find the meaning of conversation and scenes in the film. The results show that act of racism and the representation of minorities showed through three Franz’s life stages, namely when he has nothing, when he has succeeded in achieving a decent life, and when he returns to his empty life. This research also shows that the minorities are still treated arbitrarily and their existence is underestimated. "

"Masyarakat urban terbentuk seiring dengan munculnya atau terbentuknya kota-kota besar. Mental dan kebiasaan hidup masyarakat tersebut kemudian terus bergerak dan berkembang sesuai dengan modernisasi. Orang-orang yang terbiasa hidup dalam kegiatan-kegiatan dengan norma-norma di desa, harus beradaptasi dengan kehidupan di kota-kota besar yang cenderung bebas. Tulisan ini akan membicarakan karakteristik masyarakat urban film Berlin Alexanderplatz, Die Geschischte Franz Biberkopf karya Alfred Döblin. Dalam film ini, Döblin menggambarkan pengaruh kota pada pemikiran manusia dan bagaimana kehidupan di kota besar berjalan. Karakteristik masyarakat urban yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berdasarkan pemikiran George Simmel, yang dituangkan dalam yang berjudul 'die Grossstadt und das Geistesleben'.

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Urbanization is inevitable due to relativitely rapid development in big cities. The urban people's mentality and way of life are shaped along the process of modernization, which occurs more rapidly in big cities (rather than in small towns). In order to survive, urban people have to adjust themselves with sets of values, which may be different with the norms develop in villages. This journal focuses on the characteristic of urban people based of Alfred Döblin's Berlin Alexanderplatz and George Simmel’s essay, die Groβtadt und das Geistesleben."

"Rasisme merupakan sebuah bentuk penindasan di mana satu kelompok ras mendominasi yang lain. Di Indonesia rasisme bukanlah sebuah permasalahan baru. Rasisme sudah muncul semenjak kolonialisme Belanda di Indonesia. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih membekasnya peraturan-peraturan kewarganegaraan oleh pemerintah kolonialisme Belanda yang mengklasifikasi penduduk Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1854 berdasarkan ras. Rasisme ini terjadi dikarenakan Belanda menganggap ras kulit putih lebih tinggi dibandingkan ras pribumi. Berkaitan dengan isu rasisme yang sudah disebutkan di atas, pada tahun 2020 muncul film yang berjudul De Oost atau dalam rilis internasional berjudul The East yang ditulis dan disutradarai oleh Jim Taihuttu. Film ini termasuk sebuah film fiksi karena ceritanya tidak seperti yang terjadi sebenarnya. Namun ada beberapa kejadian dalam film De Oost yang terinspirasi dari kisah nyata. Perilisan De Oost menarik cukup banyak perhatian dan juga kecaman dari berbagai pihak salah satunya Organisasi Veteran Belanda yang menyatakan bahwa penggambaran prajurit Belanda yang buruk karena sering memberikan hinaan rasis. Akan tetapi hingga saat ini, belum ditemukan penelitian yang membahas mengenai rasisme dalam film De Oost (2020). Kata kunci: De Oost, representasi, film, rasisme, pribumi.

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Racism is a form of oppression in which one racial group dominates another. In Indonesia, racism is not a new problem. Racism has emerged since Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. The evidenced by the imprint of citizenship regulations by the Dutch colonial government, which classified the population of the Dutch East Indies in 1854 based on race. This racism occurred because the Dutch considered the white race higher than the indigenous race. Concerning the racism mentioned above, in 2020, a film called De Oost or in an international release titled “The East,” was written and directed by Jim Taihuttu. This film is fictional because the story is not like what happened. However, several events in the film are inspired by the actual event. The release of De Oost attracted quite a lot of attention and criticism from various parties, one of which was the Dutch Veterans Organization which stated that the portrayal of Dutch soldiers was terrible because they often gave racist insults. However, until now, no research has been found that discusses racism in the film De Oost (2020)."

"Kehidupan urban di Berlin yang sangat menarik bagi banyak orang pada kenyataannya memunculkan beragam masalah. Salah satunya adalah fenomena anak jalanan. Anak muda dan remaja memutuskan untuk hidup di jalan karena mereka telah mengalami stress yang tinggi saat berada di rumah. Jalanan dianggap sebagai tempat mengekspresikan diri. Karya ilmiah ini akan membahas tentang potensi anak jalanan melakukan tindakan kriminal dan menjadi korban dari tindakan kriminal yang direpresentasikan melalui film Victoria (2015). Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan dianalisis dengan Teori Representasi dari Stuart Hall. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak jalanan melakukan kejahatan dan penyimpangan karena faktor psikologis yang belum stabil, menerima nilai-nilai baru, hubungan dengan kelompok sebaya, dan terjadinya pemaksaan. Sementara, anak jalanan menjadi korban akibat intimidasi dari pihak yang tertentu dan tekanan dari kelompok sebayanya. Penelitian ini juga memberikan upaya meminimalisir kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh anak jalanan dengan melibatkan peran orang tua, lembaga pendidikan, masyarakat, dan pemerintah setempat.

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Urban life in Berlin might be appealing to some people, though in reality, it raises various problems. One of the problems is the phenomenon of street youth. The youth and adolescents decide to live on the street due to the severe stress they experience at home. Streets are considered a place to express themselves. This scientific work will discuss the potential of street youth to commit crimes and become crime victims as represented in Victoria (2015). This study is conducted using the qualitative method and analyzed using Hall's Theory of Representation. The results of this study indicate that street youth commits crime and deviations because of unstable psychological factor, acceptance of new values, relationships with their peer groups, and coercion. Meanwhile, street youth become a victim because of intimidation from the authorities and pressure from their peers. This study also provides alternatives to minimize crimes that are committed by street youth by involving the role of parents, educational institutions, community, and local government."

"ABSTRAKPengarang sebaiknya tidak mengendus-endus realita melainkan hendaknya bermain-main dengan rea_lita itu. Pengarang sebaiknya tidak mencuri berita dari Surat kabar dan memasukkannya ke dalam_ karyanya , ini tidak cukup. Menurut Dublin penga-rang seyogyanya tidak mereproduksi melainkan berkisah,berkisah secara betas. Sarana paling penting untuk itu bagi Dublin adalah teknik montase. Berlin Alexanderplatz adalah sebuah buku yang hidup dan montase yaitu montase dalam bentuk yang paling beraneka ragam. Dalam bentuk mon_tase foto, kepingan- kepingan kenyataan dijajarkan satu dengan lainnya...

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"Ruth Jefferson is a labor and delivery nurse at a Connecticut hospital with more than twenty years' experience. During her shift, Ruth begins a routine checkup on a newborn, only to be told a few minutes later that she's been reassigned to another patient. The parents are white supremacists and don't want Ruth, who is African American, to touch their child. The hospital complies with their request, but the next day, the baby goes into cardiac distress while Ruth is alone in the nursery. Does she obey orders or does she intervene? Ruth hesitates before performing CPR and, as a result, is charged with a serious crime. Kennedy McQuarrie, a white public defender, takes her case but gives unexpected advice: Kennedy insists that mentioning race in the courtroom is not a winning strategy. Conflicted by Kennedy's counsel, Ruth tries to keep life as normal as possible for her family, especially her teenage son, as the case becomes a media sensation. As the trial moves forward, Ruth and Kennedy must gain each other's trust, and come to see that what they've been taught their whole lives about others, and themselves, might be wrong."

"Ruth Jefferson is a labor and delivery nurse at a Connecticut hospital with more than twenty years' experience. During her shift, Ruth begins a routine checkup on a newborn, only to be told a few minutes later that she's been reassigned to another patient. The parents are white supremacists and don't want Ruth, who is African American, to touch their child. The hospital complies with their request, but the next day, the baby goes into cardiac distress while Ruth is alone in the nursery. Does she obey orders or does she intervene? Ruth hesitates before performing CPR and, as a result, is charged with a serious crime. Kennedy McQuarrie, a white public defender, takes her case but gives unexpected advice: Kennedy insists that mentioning race in the courtroom is not a winning strategy. Conflicted by Kennedy's counsel, Ruth tries to keep life as normal as possible for her family, especially her teenage son, as the case becomes a media sensation. As the trial moves forward, Ruth and Kennedy must gain each other's trust, and come to see that what they've been taught their whole lives about others, and themselves, might be wrong."

"Menurut Kantor Statistik Federal (Destatis), Produk Nasional Bruto (PDB) Jerman meningkat pada tahun 2019. Peningkatan tersebut menandakan bahwa perekonomian Jerman telah tumbuh selama sepuluh tahun berturut-turut. Meskipun meningkat secara substansial, pendapatan nasional tersebut justru didistribusikan lebih tidak merata daripada tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Akibatnya kesenjangan antara masyarakat kelas atas dan bawah di Jerman semakin melebar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Salah satu film yang menampilkan isu kesenjangan sosial adalah Isi & Ossi (2020). Isu kesenjangan sosial digambarkan melalui perbedaan bentuk kehidupan tokoh keluarga Isi yang berasal dari kelas sosial atas dan keluarga Ossi yang berasal dari kalangan sosial bawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan metode analisis semiotika film Christian Metz, serta pendekatan reflektif teori representasi Stuart Hall. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa representasi kesenjangan sosial dalam film Isi & Ossi (2020) digambarkan melalui perbedaan gaya hidup dan pendapatan. Sedangkan dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kesenjangan sosial digambarkan melalui tindakan kriminalitas, kemiskinan, dan konflik sosial.

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According to the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), Germany's gross domestic product increased in 2019. It signifies that the economy of German has grown for the tenth year in a row. Despite a substantial increase, the national income was distributed more unequally than in previous years. As a result, the gap between the upper and lower classes in Germany has widened in recent years. A film that depicts the issue of social inequality is Isi & Ossi (2020). The issue of social inequality is illustrated through the differences in the lives of the Isi family from the upper class and the Ossi family from the lower class. This research uses qualitative methods and semiotic theory by Christian Metz as analysis, as well as reflective approaches to Stuart Hall's representation theory. The results showed that the representation of social inequality in the film Isi & Ossi (2020) is described through differences in lifestyle and income. While, the impact of social inequality is seen in criminality, poverty, and social conflict."

"Max Havelaar: of de koffieveilingen der Nederlandsche handelsmaatschappij (1976) merupakan film hasil karya sutradara asal Belanda, Fons Rademakers, sekaligus film hasil adaptasi novel karya Multatuli dengan judul serupa yang terbit pada tahun 1860. Pada awalnya peluncuran film ini sempat menimbulkan kontroversi dari kalangan masyarakat Indonesia karena kesan yang muncul saat menonton bukanlah seperti menonton film anti-kolonialisme, melainkan sekadar kisah tentang seorang pejabat pemerintah Belanda yang baik dan konfliknya dengan Belanda. Seakan-akan hanya memperlihatkan orang Belanda yang digambarkan sebagai orang baik dan orang Indonesia sebagai penjahat. Kontroversi ini menimbulkan permasalahan bagaimana sebenarnya kolonialisme serta rasisme direpresentasikan pada film Max Havelaar. Penelitian ini ditujukan agar dapat mengetahui adanya nilai-nilai rasisme dalam film Max Havelaar yang merepresentasikan budaya kolonialisme pada masa Hindia Belanda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik dokumentasi-observasi, dengan teori semiotika oleh Roland Barthes untuk menganalisis pemaknaan tanda rasisme melalui sistem pemaknaan denotatif (denotation), konotatif (connotation) dan meta-bahasa (metalanguage) atau mitos. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa tiga fakta rasisme dalam film Max Havelaar yaitu; (1) perbudakan serta eksploitasi terhadap bangsa pribumi, (2) prasangka buruk antar bangsa Belanda dan pribumi, dan (3) diskriminasi terhadap bangsa pribumi.

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"Max Havelaar: of de koffieveilingen der Nederlandsche handelsmaatschappij" (1976) is a film by Dutch director, Fons Rademakers, as well as a film adaptation of Multatuli's novel with the same title which was published in 1860. At first the release of this film caused controversy among Indonesian people because the impression that emerged when watching it was not like watching an anti-colonialism film, but simply a story about a good Dutch government official and his conflict with the Dutch. It's as if it only shows Dutch people as good people and Indonesians as criminals. This controversy raises the problem of how colonialism and racism are actually represented in Max Havelaar film. This research is aimed at finding out the existence of racist values in the Max Havelaar film which represents the culture of colonialism during the Dutch East Indies. The research method used is qualitative with documentation-observation techniques, with semiotic theory by Roland Barthes to analyze the meaning of signs of racism through denotative, connotative and metalanguage or myth systems. The results of this research are three facts about racism in the Max Havelaar film, namely; (1) slavery and exploitation of native peoples, (2) prejudice between Dutch and native peoples, and (3) discrimination against native peoples."