Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Micronutrient supplementation is one approach that could correct the child impairment of development caused by micronutrient deficiencies. However micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries usually associated with marginal deficiency of several micronutrients. Therefore, it was assumed that supplementation with multiple micronutrients would be more effective.

In the previous Indonesia study, a randomized placebo controlled trial study has been done in 17 villages of Magelang district, Central Java for 6 mo among children aged 6-12 mo (n=284) who randomly assigned into four experimental groups: 1 RDA daily multi-micronutrient, 2 RDA weekly multi-micronutrient, iron daily supplementation and a placebo group. Nutritional status, development, and hemoglobin concentration was no difference between treatment groups at the end of supplementation. To answer the possibility of age responsiveness and manifestation of treatment effect on development and nutritional status, this present follow up study has been done at 6-mo after supplementation commenced when children aged 18-24 mo. At 6-mo follow up, there was difference between group in height for age Z-score and psychomotor development index (PDI). The scores differences are may be due to treatment differences."

"This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of daily iron supplementation and multi-micronutrient supplementation both daily and weekly basis on increasing iron status among 284 apparently healthy Indonesian infants aged 6-12 mo. Infants were randomly assigned to receive either daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient supplement (n = 72), weekly 2 RDA multi micronutrient supplement (n = 70), daily ferrous sulphate 10 mg (n = 72), or placebo (n = 70) for wk. Blood hemoglobin, plasma ferritin, plasma zinc, and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations were measured prior to intervention and after 23 wk of supplementation. At baseline, 58.1% of subjects were anemic, 28.2% were iron deficient, and 11.2% were zinc deficient. After 23 wk of supplementation, both daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient and iron supplemented groups had significantly increased blood hemoglobin and plasma ferritin concentration, furthermore reducing the percentage of anemia and iron deficiency. However, the changes of hemoglobin were not significantly different among the treatment groups. Changes of hemoglobin were significantly higher in daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient group than in placebo group when initial blood hemoglobin was low. The change of plasma ferritin concentration in both daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient and iron groups was significantly higher than in other groups. Hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations of weekly 2 RDA multi micronutrient group were not significantly increase, but there were significantly increased in the subjects with low concentration of blood hemoglobin or plasma ferritin. Proportion of infants with zinc deficiency was increased significantly in iron group Daily I RDA multi micronutrient and daily iron supplementation are efficacious in improving the concentration of blood hemoglobin and plasma ferritin and reducing the percentage of infants with anemia and iron deficiency of Indonesian infants aged 6-12 months in a rural community. However, there was an increasing proportion of infants with zinc deficiency in daily iron supplementation. The efficacy of daily 1 RDA multi micronutrient supplementation was higher among the children with blood hemoglobin < 110 g/L Efficacy of weekly 2 RDA multi micronutrient supplementation on the concentration of blood hemoglobin and plasma ferritin of all subjects was not found, but it affected in children with low concentration of blood hemoglobin or plasma ferritin."

"ABSTRAKToddler period, especially the first two years of life is considered as golden age for children because of their rapid growth and development. Therefore, the occurrence of nutritional disorders in the period can be permanent and irreversible. This study tried to assess correlation between early initiation of breastfeeding and vitamin A with nutritional status. The total of samples analyzed in this study was 1,592 toddlers aged 6-59 months that were drawn from 2015 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey in Bengkulu. Data including age, sex, early initiation of breastfeeding, birth length, birth weight, vitamin A supplementation were collected by using questionnaire. Weight and height of children were obtained through anthropometric measurements. More than half of the toddlers (54.6%) did not get early initiation of breastfeeding. Based on multivariate analysis results, most dominant variables related to weight/age, height/age and weight/height indicators were early initiation of breastfeeding and Vitamin A supplementation. Toddlers who did not get early initiation of breastfeeding are at risk of 1.555 times stunting compared to toddlers who got early initiation of breastfeeding. The most dominant variable related to height/age is vitamin A supplementation. Children who do not get vitamin A supplementation are at risk of stunting 2.402 times compared to children who get vitamin A supplementation."

"Nowadays, many children in developing countries are suffering from micro nutrient deficiencies (Lartey et at., 2000b; Zhao et al., 1998; van Stuijvenberg et al, 1999; Sempertegui et at, 1995). And the most prevalent ones are VAD (Vitamin A Deficiency), IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia), IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorder), and lately is zinc deficiency (Sandstead, 1991).The causes of micro nutrient deficiencies are varied and include inadequate dietary intakes (Robert et al, 2000), repeated infections (Khanum et al, 1998) and poor bioavailability from foods due to the presence of inhibitors or inadequate intake of dietary enhancers (Berdanier, 1998; Lunnerdal, 2000; de Pee et al, 1998; Donnen et al, 1996; Lartey et al, 2000a).Due to the roles of micronutrients in metabolic process, immune competence and taste acuity (Golden, 1995), previous findings showed that micronutrient deficiencies might impaired growth (Allen, 1994b; Rosado, 1999; Krieger et al, 1986; Simondon et al, 1996; Hambidge, 2000; Golden & Golden, 1981) and immune system (Black, 1998; Khanum et al, 1998; Semba et al, 1993). The reversibility of impairments caused by micronutrient deficiencies depends on the severity, duration, and stage of development. In some cases, micronutrient supplementation can correct the impairment right after a certain period of supplementation. Ninh et al (1996) stated that zinc deficiency among nutritionally deprived children may limit growth because the growth stimulating effects of zinc might be mediated through changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF). And after 5 months supplementation with daily-10 mg zinc, weight and height of growth-retarded children in supplemented group significantly increased compared to those of placebo group. In Uganda, zinc supplementation had a short-term effect (within 3 months) on weight gain and MUAC increment only among children from the school with the highest socioeconomic status (Kikafunda et al, 1998). Clinical vitamin A deficiency has been associated with poor child growth (Tarwotjo et al, 1992). Study in Zaire among moderately malnourished preschoolers found that high dose vitamin A supplementation (60 mg of oily solution of retinal palmitate, 30 mg if aged <12 months) increased MUAC and weight significantly compared to control group although without deforming at baseline (Donnen et al, 1998). In Indonesia, the intervention using vitamin A-monosodium glutamate did not merely result on increment of serum vitamin A level, but it also increased the linear growth of supplemented children compared to children in control group at every age (Muhilal et al, 1988). Similar with zinc and vitamin A, iron deficiency may also lead to slowing of growth in regarding to the increment of iron demands during periods of rapid growth and the adverse effects of morbidity. "

"Diarrhea contributes to about 17.5% of under-five children's death in the world and about 15.2% in developing countries. These figures were much lower compared to previous years, which show a reduction in death due to diarrhea among under-five children since 1990. In Indonesia, child deaths due to diarrhea among under-five childrendecreased from 15.3% in 1995 to 13.2% in 2001.Up to 70% of diarrhea in childhood was due to pathogen transmitted through food. Although this route of transmission already well recognized, the role of food hygiene in the development of diarrhea, especially in under-five children who live in urban poor areas, is sometimes overlooked.This study is aimed to assess the contribution of nutritional status and food hygiene practice to the occurrence of diarrhea among children aged 12 - 59 months who live in selected urban poor area in Jatinegara sub district, East Jakarta. A cross sectional study was conducted in 274 randomly selected children aged 12-59 months using interview on food hygiene practices and observation on housing and environmentalcondition in one day of the period of recording the child?s stool. Seven days record on frequency and consistency of the child?s stool was done to obtain the stool of diarrhea children. Diarrhea prevalence was calculated based on percentage of children who diagnosed as diarrhea during the seven days record. At the end of recording period allthe children were measured their weight and height to obtain their nutritional status data.All collected feces were analyzed using serology test for the presence of EPFC and ELISA for Rotavims. None ofthe feces showed the presence of EPEC and Rotavirus. There was a significant association between poor food hygiene, wasting and diarrhea among children aged 12 - 59 months, particularly in age 12 - 24 months (p-value < 0.05,X2 test).Diarrhea prevalence was higher in wasted children who had poor food hygiene practices (29.4%) compare to those with good food hygiene practices (7.7%). After stratification for age, wasted children aged 12 - 24 months with poor food hygiene practices had higher diarrhea prevalence (55.6%) compare to those who aged more than24 months with the same food hygiene practices."

"Prevalensi kurang gizi baik makro maupun mikro pada anak sekolah cukup tinggi. Hal ini akan berdampak buruk terhadap kemampuan belajar dan prestasi di sekolah, daya tahan tubuh, pertumbuhan dan berkurangnya nafsu makan (Soemantri, 1985; Chwang et al. 1988, Lawless, 1994, Soekarjo, 2001). Karenanya, masalah ini harus ditangani dengan baik. Salah satu upaya yang depat dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan suplementasi susu yang difortifikasi besi dan seng.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah efek suplementasi susu 2 kali sehari selama 6 bulan, dapat memperbaiki status gizi pada pengukuran 3 bulan setelah suplementasi dihentikan.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah longitudinal, prospektif observational study selama 3 bulan, yang dilakukan kepada anak berusia 7-9 tahun di daerah miskin perkotaan Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Bulan Februari hingga Mei 2008, di 5 SDN di kelurahan Balimester dan Kampung Melayu, Kecamatan Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur.Jumlah sampel sebanyak 209 anak, dimana 107 orang anak selama 6 bulan mendapatkan suplementasi susu yang difortifikasi besi dan seng (kelompok susu fortitikasi) dan 102 orang mendepatkan susu non fortili.kasi (kelompok susu non fortitikasi). Pengukuran antropometri, asupan makanan dan karakteristik subject dilakukan 3 bulan setelah suplementasi dihentikan.Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status gizi pade 0 bulan, status gizi pade 6 bulan, asupan protein, jumlah anak, penghasilan orang tua dan tingkat pendidikan ibu terhadap status gizi pada saat 3 bulan setelah suplemenlasi dihentikan.Pemberian suplementasi susu, baik yang difortifikasi besi dan seng maupun tanpa fortikfikasi, 2 kali sehari selama 6 bulan dapat meningkatkan status gizi pada pengukuran 3 bulan setelah suplementasi dihentikan. Juga tidak terjadi perubahan status gizi antara pengukuran diakhir suplamentasi dengan 3 bulan setelahnya. Status gizi anak sangat ditentukan oleh asupan hariannya. Asupan harian anak pada penelitian ini sebagian besar kurang dari 80% AKG, sehingga mereka sangat berisiko kekurangan gizi baik makro maupun mikro. Usaha-usaha yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah antara lain memberikan suplemenlasi zat gizi, pemberian makanan tambahan anak sekolah (PMTAS) perlu dilanjutkan. Pembarian susu yang difortifikasi zat gizi dapat dijadikan satu alternatif pilihan.

---

Prevalence of micro and macronutrient deficiency are quite high in school-age children. It can make detrimental effects on learning ability, school performance, resistance to disease, physical growth and appetite (Soemantri, 1985; Chwang et al. 1988, Lawless, 1994, Soekarjo, 2001). Therefore, the problem should be bendled seriously. Iron and zinc fortified milk supplementation is one alternative to improve nutritional status.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six months iron, zinc fortified milk which had been given twice a day to undernourished children aged 7-9 years in poor urban area of Jakarta, on their nutrient intake, anthropometry indices and nutritional status after 3 months supplementation begin stopped.Design of this study is observational, prospective kohort. The study had been lasted 3 months, February to May 2008 in 5 Primary Schools. Two hundred and nine subjects who participated in previous study were observed and measured their nutritional status, anthropometry indices and socio-economic characteristic. A hundred and seven subjects received iron-zinc fortified milk and a hundred and two subjects received regular milk for 6 months.Iron and zinc fortified or non fortified milk supplementation, twice a day for 6 months, improve nutritional status, anthropometry indices when measured 3 months after supplementation or the effect of nutritional status improvement still has been maintained when measured 3 months later.Bivariat analysis results had been shown, there was a signilicant relationship between nutritional status before and after supplementation on nutritional status next 3 months. Also there was found and significant result on protein intake, number of child, parent revenue and mother educational level on nutritional status 3 months after supplementation.Nutritional status of children will be related to their daily nutrient intake. After the milk supplementation was stopped, their daily food intake becoming decrease. Their dally nutrient intake mostly less than 80 % RDA and make them have high risk of macro-micro nutrient deficiency. Some efforts have been done by govermnent such as micronutrient supplementation, complementary food for school children, suppose to be continued. Another alternative has been offered by this study result was giving fortified milk supplementation."

"Gangguan tidur pada bayi atau anak merupakan masalah yang sering didapatkan orang tua. Sekitar 20-30 % bayi di dunia mengalami gangguan pada tidurnya. Gangguan tidur pada anak dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak baik dalam aspek fisik, sosial, kognitif, dan perilaku anak. Hal ini penting karena perkembangan dan pertumbuhan memegang peranan penting hingga usia lima tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari prevalensi gangguan tidur dan hubungan antara gangguan tidur dengan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak usia usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan April 2014 hingga Juli 2015 terhadap 62 anak usia 6-36 bulan di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive dan merupakan studi analitik seksi silang. Pengambilan data pada sampel dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner yang telah di uji coba dan BISQ. Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukkan P-value >0,05 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi gangguan tidur sebanyak 17,7% dari 62 subjek terdiri dari 33 anak laki-laki dan 29 anak perempuan. Dari tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu sebagian besar masuk ke dalam kategori menengah dengan 63,4 % dan 59,6%. Sebanyak 59,6 % anak minum ASI pada variabel perilaku anak sebelum tidur dan 38,7 % mengaku biasa saja pada kategori kesulitan menidurkan anak. Pada status gizi dan status perkembangan, 72,7 % anak dikelompokkan ke kategori status gizi normal dan 58% anak dikelompokkan ke kategori status perkembangan sesuai. Setelah dilakukan uji hipotesis Fisher, tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara gangguan tidur dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan (P>0,05).

---

Sleep disorder on kids is a problem that is often faced by parents. Around 20 to 30% babies have sleep disorder worldwide. Sleep disorder can cause disturbance to children?s growth and development. This issue needs to be addressed well, considering this particular age is the golden period that determines the children?s future growth and development. This research aims to seek for the relation between sleep disorder with growth and development on children aged 6 to 36 months in Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta. This research is a cross-sectional study, and the data is taken through anthropometry measurement and filling two sets of questionnaires, general questionnaires regarding growth and development and BISQ. Data is then analyzed in bivariate, which the result shows p value > 0,05. This means that there is no statistically relevant relation between sleep disorder with nutritional status and development.

This study shows that the prevalence of sleep disorder is 17,7% out of 62 subjects, which consist of 33 boys and 29 girls. The education status shows that 63,4% of fathers and 59,6% of mothers are in average category. 59,6% of children are breastfed before sleep and 59,6% of parents don?t undergo significant problems while putting their children to sleep. For the categories of nutritional status and development, 72,7% of children have normal nutritional status and 58% have appropriate development. Through Fisher test, there is no statistically relevant relation between sleep disorder and growth and development (p>0,05)."

"Obesitas di usia dini dapat merugikan kesehatan anak sepanjang hidupnya secara permanen. Dewasa ini, asam lemak omega-3 diperkenalkan sebagai alternatif solusi obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh dari konseling asam lemak omega-3 selama 10 minggu terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, asupan, dan IMT/U. Penelitian ini membagi acak subjek; grup yang mendapat konseling dengan optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 disertai rekomendasi menu harian yang spesifik (Grup intervensi, n=18); dan yang mendapat konseling dan menu standar (Grup kontrol, n=20). Hasil menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pada grup intervensi meningkat signifikan (p<.001). Dibutuhkan investigasi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi ini terhadap keluaran lain yang diharapkan.

---

Obesity in early life could result in permanent heath consequences. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are beneficial in obesity management, but food-based nutrition education enhancing omega-3 FAs especially in children was lacking. We investigated the effect of 10-week enhanced counseling on caregivers knowledge, attitude, as well as children's intakes and body mass index-for-age (BAZ). Children were randomly assigned to receive; enhanced counseling with specific daily menu (intervention group, n=18), or standard counseling with general menu (control group, n=20). Intervention group significantly improved knowledge (p<.001). However, its effect on other outcomes may need further investigation."

"Latar belakang: Defisiensi vitamin B12dan asam folat dapat menyebabkan anemia yang selanjutnya dapat mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar folat serum bayi usia 6-8 bulan dan korelasinya terhadap indikator status gizi bayi dan pengetahuan-sikap-perilaku ibu tentang pola makan bayi.Metode: Rancangan penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 55 bayi usia 6-8 bulan yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan ibunya sebagai responden. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, panjang badan, berat badan, asupan kalori, protein dan folat (menggunakan metoda food frequency questionnaire semiâ??kuantitatif dan recall 24 jam), sedangkan pada responden meliputi usia, tingkat pendidikan, penghasilan keluarga, status bekerja dan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku terkait pemberian makan bayi (ASI dan MPASI).Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan median kadar folat serum adalah 43,05 nmol/L dengan kadar terendah 19,92 nmol/L dan kadar tertinggi 104,24 nmol/L. Diantara faktor-faktor terkait yang diteliti, didapatkan korelasi positif bermakna antara kadar folat serum dengan asupan protein dan asupan folat.Kesimpulan: Disarankan agar bayi sejak usia 6 bulan mendapatkan makanan pendamping ASI yang kaya akan protein folat sehingga diharapkan dapat mempertahankan kadar normal folat serum. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:138-42).

---

AbstractBackground: Vitamin B12 and folate defi ciency can cause anemia which may lead growth and development impairments. This study was aimed to determine serum folate levels among infants aged 6-8 months and the relation to infants' nutritional indicators and maternal knowledge-attitude-practice about infant feeding.Methods: A cross sectional design was implemented in infants aged 6â??8 months and their mothers as respondents who met the study criteria. Data collected among the infants included sex, age, length, weight, intake of energy, protein and folate (based on a one month semi quantitative FFQ and a 24â??hour food recall), serum folate and hemoglobin levels. Data collected among the mothers included age, education level, income based on average minimum monthly wage, knowledge, attitude and behavior concerning infants feeding, i.e. breast milk and complementary feeding practices.Results: This study found that the median of serum folate levels was 43.05 nmol/L with values ranging from 19.92 nmol/L to 104.24 nmol/L. Serum folate level had a strong positive correlation with its related factors, protein and folate intake.Conclusions: Protein-folate-rich complementay food should be provided to infants aged 6 months and over to maintain serum folate level. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:138-42)."

"Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membandingkan status gizi danpenyakit infeksi pada anak usia 12-59 bulan antara kelompok yang menerimadosis penuh dan yang menerima setengah dosis/tanpa kapsul vitamin A diperkotaan miskin Paseban. Studi cross sectional ini, 429 anak direkrut melaluisampel random sederhana dan purposive sampling. Status gizi dan prevalensipenyakit infeksi antar grup tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Studi ini menemukanpemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di posyandu, keterpaparan informasi mengenaisuplementasi vitamin A dan pengetahuan pengasuh yang lebih baik mengenaivitamin A lebih tinggi ditemukan pada anak kelompok dosis penuh dibandingkankelompok setengah dosis/tanpa kapsul vitamin A.

---

AbstractThe aim of study was to compare nutritional status and infectious diseasesamong children aged 12-59 months old betwen groups receiving full doses andhalf/no dose of vitamin A capsules in urban poor Paseban. This cross sectionalstudy, 429 were recruited through simple random and purposive sampling.Nutritional status and prevalence of infectious diseases between groups were notsignificantly different. This study found that utilization of health services inposyandu, exposure about vitamin A supplemantation from caregivers and betterknowledge of cargeivers on vitamin A were higher found among children in fulldoses group compared to those in half/no dose group."