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"This study was carried out to examine the ergonomic aspects of the design of the Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) in the virtual environment of medium-range twin-engine ? Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA). The analysis was conducted using Jack 6.0 software. The evaluation method used in this study is the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) method that integrates the results of analysis from three methods: Lower Back Analysis (LBA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actual design of TACCO and to identify the most ergonomic design configuration, which is reviewed according to the distance and tilt angle of the control panel and the height of the chair. The results of this study show that the optimal ergonomic design for TACCO is as follows: panel at a distance of 10 cm, tilt angle of 60?, and a chair height of 29.5 cm."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji aspek ergonomis pada desain Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) pada pesawat jarak menengah bermesin dua dalam virtual environment. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Jack 6.0. Metode evaluasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) yang mengintegrasikan hasil analisis dari tiga buah metode: Lower Back Analysis (LBA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), dan Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi desain aktual Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) dan mencari konfigurasi desain ulang paling ergonomis ditinjau dari jarak panel, kemiringan panel, dan tinggi kursi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) yang ergonomis adalah jarak panel sebesar 10 cm, kemiringan panel sebesar 60˚, dan tinggi kursi sebesar 29,5 cm.

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This study is done to examine ergonomic aspect on the design of Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) in the virtual environment of medium-ranged twin-engined aircraft. The analysis conducted using Jack 6.0 software. The evaluation method being used in this study is the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) method which integrates the results of analysis from three methods: Lower Back Analysis (LBA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actual design of Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) and to search the most ergonomic design configuration; which reviewed from the distance and the tilt angle of panel and the height of chair. The result of this study shows that the ergonomic design of Tactical Commander Console (TACCO) are: panel with the distance of 10 cm and the tilt angle by 60˚, and the chair height of 29,5 cm."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji aspek ergonomis desain pesawat perintis berpenumpang 19 berdasarkan aktivitas egress darurat pilot untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi desain pesawat perintis ergonomis yang mendukung aktivitas egress darurat pilot. Dihasilkan usulan konfigurasi dari pintu darurat, handle di bagian kokpit, serta foot step di bagian kokpit dan di bawah pintu darurat yang akan dianalisis. Pendekatan metode yang digunakan adalah metode digital human modelling dengan sistem penilaian PEI yang mengintegrasikan tiga metode yaitu Low Back Analysis, Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, dan Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu usulan konfigurasi desain pintu darurat dengan tinggi 85.24 cm dan lebar 46.64 cm; konfigurasi foot step di bawah pintu darurat dengan ukuran panjang 26.6 cm, lebar 20 cm dan tinggi 10 cm; konfigurasi foot step di bagian luar badan kokpit berukuran panjang 10 cm dan lebar 22 cm; serta didapatkan juga hasil konfigurasi handle terbaik dari sisi ergonomi dengan ukuran tinggi 20 cm dan panjang 10 cm.ABSTRACTThis research studies the ergonomics aspect 19-Passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) Utility Aircraft based on activities egress emergency pilot to get the recommendation of an ergonomic aircraft design that supports activities egress emergency pilot according to the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) result. Researcher proposed configuration tools from emergency exit door, handle in the cockpit, foot step in the cockpit and below the emergency exit door to be analyzed, where the configuration of this tool is able to assist the pilot emergency egress. Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) was an approach that integrated the results of these three analysis methods Lowback Analysis, Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. This research has some results, they are a configuration of emergency exit door with a height of 85.24 cm and wide of 46.64 cm; a configuration of foot step under the emergency exit door with a length of 26.6 cm, a width of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm; a configuration of foot step outside the cockpit with a length of 10 cm and a width of 22 cm; and also obtained the best results for a configuration of an ergonomic handle is 20 cm in height and a length is 10 cm., This research studies the ergonomics aspect 19-Passenger STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) Utility Aircraft based on activities egress emergency pilot to get the recommendation of an ergonomic aircraft design that supports activities egress emergency pilot according to the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) result. Researcher proposed configuration tools from emergency exit door, handle in the cockpit, foot step in the cockpit and below the emergency exit door to be analyzed, where the configuration of this tool is able to assist the pilot emergency egress. Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) was an approach that integrated the results of these three analysis methods Lowback Analysis, Ovako Working Posture Analysis System, and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. This research has some results, they are a configuration of emergency exit door with a height of 85.24 cm and wide of 46.64 cm; a configuration of foot step under the emergency exit door with a length of 26.6 cm, a width of 20 cm and a height of 10 cm; a configuration of foot step outside the cockpit with a length of 10 cm and a width of 22 cm; and also obtained the best results for a configuration of an ergonomic handle is 20 cm in height and a length is 10 cm.]"

"The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ergonomics aspects of the first prototype of a folding bike designed by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Indonesia (DME UI) in a virtual environment. Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) is used as an analysis approach that integrates the results of three methods: Low Back Analysis (LBA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The objective is to determine the optimal design configuration of a folding bicycle based from an ergonomics perspective. For male and female riders, the optimal configuration is obtained when the height of the handlebar is 32 cm and the height of the saddle is 83 cm. This study proved that a virtual environment could strengthen the ergonomics evaluation, especially in posture condition exploration"

"ABSTRAKPekerjaan menggunakan komputer dengan postur tubuh cenderung statis dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dan keluhan kesehatan. Kondisi workstation mempengaruhi postur tubuh yang dibentuk oleh pegawai. Ketidaksesuaian antara pekerja dan workstation memperbesar risiko terbentuknya postur janggal. Telitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko ergonomi pada pegawai yang menggunakan komputer di Ditjen Binwasnaker Kemnakertrans tahun 2013. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan pendekatan semi kuantitatif. Analisis risiko dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan observasi untuk mengidentifikasi pekerjaan yang berisiko, nordic body map, lembar kerja RULA untuk penilaian postur kerja serta observasi terhadap disain tempat kerja. Hasil telitian menunjukkan risiko ergonomi terbentuknya postur janggal pada anggota tubuh lengan atas, lengan bawah, pergelangan tangan, leher, batang tubuh dan kaki dengan tingkat risiko level 3 dan 4. Postur janggal tersebut disebabkan karena disain tempat kerja yang tidak sesuai dengan standar yang direkomendasikan.

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ABSTRACTThe use of computer in the work place with a static posture tends to cause discomfort and health complaints. The design of the workstation will effect to the employees posture. Mismatch between workers and workstations increases the risk of awkward postures. The purpose of this research was to determinate the ergonomic risk factors of the Ditjen Binwasnaker Kemnakertrans employees whose used computer in 2013. This study used cross sectional design with semi-quantitative type of research. Risk analysis carried out by questioner and observation high risk job, nordic body map, measurement of posture performed using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) worksheets and observation of workplace design. The results of this research showed that ergonomic risk caused the awkward postures on limb upper arm, forearm, wrist, neck, torso and legs with a risk level 3 and 4. This is caused by the workplace design not comply with recommended standard."

"Aktivitas pekerjaan perajin ukiran batu dalam proses produksinya memiliki bahaya ergonomi yang dapat berisiko terjadinya Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) terkait dengan postur janggal dalam durasi lama, gerakan berulang dan rutin dilakukan setiap hari. Penelitian dilakukan pada proses kerja perajin ukiran batu di Duta Alam, Jakarta Selatan tahun 2014 bertujuan untuk menilai tingkat risiko ergonomi berdasarkan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) menggunakan Nordic Body Map. Hasil penelitian didapatkan tingkat risiko ergonomi pada pekerjaan perajin yaitu risiko sedang sebanyak 6 aktivitas kerja dan tingkat risiko tinggi sebanyak 8 aktivitas kerja dari 14 aktivitas pekerjaan yang ada.Dari hasil kuesioner dan nordic body map diketahui keluhan MSDs yang paling banyak dirasakan perajin pada pinggang bagian bawah dan pinggang bagian atas (92,9%). Keluhan yang dirasakan berupa pegal-pegal, sakit/nyeri, kaku, kejang/keram dan kesemutan. Selain risiko ergonomi, di dapatkan juga faktor lain yang memperberat keluhan MSDs yaitu karakteristik individu yang terdiri dari umur, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, jam kerja per hari, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), kebiasaan merokok dan aktifitas fisik. Sebagian besar aktivitas kerja memiliki tingkat risiko ergonomi tinggi sehingga diperlukan segera tindakan perbaikan desain tempat kerja. Disarankan juga adanya pengaturan waktu kerja dan istirahat yang efisien bagi perajin.

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Job activities stone artisans in the production process has ergonomic hazard that could have risk the occurence of Muskuloskeletal Disorders (MSDs) associated with awkward posture with long-duration, repetitive movements and routine activity. The study was conducted on the working process of stone artisans in Duta Alam, South Jakarta in 2014 to assess the level of ergonomic risk based methods Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) using Nordic Body Map. From the results on the occupational risk levels obtained medium risk 6 work activities and high risk 8 work activities of 14 processes the work activities.

The results of the questionnaire and nordic body map is known complaint MSDs that be perceived stone artisans to low back and upper back (92.9%). The complaints is stifness, painful, tingling, andspasms. In addition toergonomic risk, other factors also found that complaints aggravate MSDs risk factors consists of individual characteristic consisting of age, length of service, hours worked, body mass index, smoking habit, and physical activities. Most of the work activities have a high level of ergonomic risk that required immediate corrective action design of the workplace. In addition, suggested of regulating working and rest time efficient for crafter."

"Aktivitas pekerjaan penatu dan pekerja kebersihan kamar memiliki risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) terkait dengan postur janggal dalam durasi lama, gerakan berulang, dan rutin dilakukan setiap hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai risiko pekerjaan menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan keluhan gejala Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) menggunakan Nordic Body Map. Hasil dari penilaian REBA pada penatu terdapat 13 pekerjaan berisiko sedang, 2 pekerjaan berisiko tinggi, dan 1 pekerjaan berisiko sangat tinggi. Pada pekerja kebersihan kamar terdapat 2 pekerjaan berisiko sedang, 3 pekerjaan berisiko tinggi, dan 1 pekerjaan berisiko sangat tinggi.Hasil kuesioner Nordic Body Map keluhan gejala MSDs yang paling banyak dirasakan penatu pada bahu kiri dan bahu kanan. Sedangkan pada pekerja kebersihan kamar keluhan gejala yang paling banyak dirasakan pada pinggang, betis kiri, dan betis kanan. Keluhan gejala MSDs yang paling banyak dirasakan adalah pegal-pegal, sakit (nyeri), kejang (kram). Selain postur kerja, karakteristik individu pekerja juga memperberat keluhan gejala MSDs seperti usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Sebagian besar aktivitas kerja memiliki tingkat risiko keluhan gejala MSDs sehingga diperlukan segera tindakan perbaikan sistem kerja.

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Laundry workers and room attendant activities have Musculoskeletal Disorders risk in association with awkward posture in long duration, repetitive movements, and routine activity. The study was conducted to assess the working risk by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms by using Nordic Body Map. The REBA result shows there are 13 laundry worker?s activities with medium risk, 2 activities with high risk, and 1 activity with very high risk. For room attendant group, there are 2 activities with medium risk, 3 activities with high risk, and 1 activity with very high risk.

The Nordic Body Map questionnaire result shows the most perceived Musculoskeletal Disorders symptom by the laundry workers are the symptoms that felt on right and left shoulder. For the room attendant group the most perceived Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms are the symptoms that felt on waist, right and left calf. The most felt Musculoskeletal Disorders symptoms that felt by the workers are aches, pain, and cramps. Besides of the working posture, the worker?s individual characteristics aggravate the MSDs symptoms like age, sex, physical activity, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Most of activities have their own MSDs symptoms level of risk that required corrective action for the design of the workplace.

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"Suhu ruangan dan intensitas pencahayaan merupakan beberapa faktor lingkungan kerja fisik yang berpengaruh terhadap performa kerja dan beban mental manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu ruangan dan intensitas pencahayaan terhadap performa kognitif, (kecepatan respon dan konsentrasi), serta beban mental (tingkat stress) siswa sekolah dasar. Metode desain eksperimen faktorial digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dimana setiap faktor memiliki tiga level yang diujikan yaitu 21°C, 25°C,dan 29°C untuk suhu ruangan dan 50 lux, 150 lux, dan 300 lux untuk intensitas pencahayaan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa suhu ruangan dan intensitas pencahayaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap performa kognitif dan tingkat stress pada siswa sekolah dasar.

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Room temperature and light intensity are some of the physical work environment factors that affect work performance and human work load. This study aims to determine the effect of room temperature and light intensity on cognitive performance, (speed of response and concentration), and mental load, (the stress levels) of elementary school students. Factorial experimental design method used in this study, in which each factor has three levels to be tested, specifically 21°C, 25°C, and 29°C to room temperature and 50 lux, 150 lux and 300 lux for the light intensity. This study resulted that room temperature and light intensity are significantly affect on cognitive performance and stress levels in elementary school students."

"Risiko ergonomis terhadap postur kerja staf layanan kesehatan yang bertanggung jawab atas perawatan pasien, memiliki risiko lebih rentan yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit muskuloskeletal dibandingkan dengan bidang kerja lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran postur kerja dan keluhan muskuloskeletal dengan menggunakan slide sheet dan manual untuk perawat di Unit Stroke Jatinegara Premier.Ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan studi cross sectional, faktor independen dari faktor pekerjaan (durasi, beban, shift kerja, pegangan beban metode kerja), faktor individu (usia, masa kerja, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh), menggunakan REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) untuk gambaran postur kerja dan kuesioner NBM (Nordic Body Map) untuk mendapatkan gambaran dengan menggunakan Skala Likert 4 indikator keluhan nyeri. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus besar sampel untuk beda proporsi dua kelompok (satu arah) oleh Gerr et al., 2002 didapatkan besaran 14 sampel.Hasilnya dari penelitian untuk postur kerja pada penangangan pasien secara manual dengan metode REBA didapatkan postur kerja dengan risiko ergonomi tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 8 sampai dengan 10 sedangkan dengan menggunakan slide sheet rata-rata adalah 3 sampai dengan 7 dengan kategori risiko ergonomi sedang, untuk keluhan muskuloskeletal pada penanganan pasien secara manual berdasarkan kuesioner Nordic Body Map didapatkan tingkat nyeri rata-rata 2 sampai dengan 3 yaitu sedikit ada keluhan nyeri di bagian atas leher, leher bagian bawah, bahu kiri, bahu kanan, lengan atas, di punggung dan pinggang sedangkan penanganan pasien menggunakan slide sheet tingkat nyeri rata-rata 1sampai dengan 2 yaitu tidak ada keluhan sama sekali.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian adanya hubungan signifikan antara postur kerja dengan keluhan musculoskeletal disorders pada penggunaan slide sheet dan manual dengan jenis kelamin (p value <0,05) dan masa kerja (p value <0,05).Disarankan untuk rumah sakit menambah jumlah slide sheet dan melakukan evaluasi dan monitoring terhadap postur kerja ergonomis pada penanganan pasien.

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Ergonomic risk towards the work posture of health service staff responsible for patient care has more vulnerable risks that could cause musculoskeletal disorders compared to other occupational fields. The purpose of this study is to describe work posture and musculoskeletal disorders by using slide sheets and manuals for Stroke Uni nurses in premier Jatinegara Hospitalt.

This is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. Variables of this study contain factors independent of occupational factors (duration, burden, work shift, handle of work method load), individual factors (age, years of service, gender, body mass index), by using REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) to describe work posture and NBM (Nordic Body Map) questionnaire to describe pain complaints with Likert Scale 4 indicators. Sampling using the sample size formula for different proportions of two groups (one direction) by Gerr et al., 2002 quation collected 14 samples.

Based on the results of this study on the work posture of patient handling calculated manually with the REBA method, it is obtained a high ergonomic risk work posture with an average value of 8 to10, while using slide sheets is the average of 3 to 7 (moderate ergonomic risk category). The average of pain level of musculoskeletal disorders on patients handling based on the NBM questionnaire is 2 to 3, there was a slight complaint of pain at the top of the neck, lower neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, upper arm, back and waist, while using slide sheets is the average of 1 to 2 (no complaints).

Based on the results of this study were significantly between that work posture and musculoskeletal complaints by using slide sheet and manuals releated to gender (p value<0,05) and work periode (p value<0,05). It is suggested to hospital to add the slide sheets, evaluate and monitor the ergonomic work posture for handling patients."