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"Wu Zetian adalah kaisar perempuan satu-satunya dalam sejarah kedinastian Tiongkok dan tercatat menggunakan 14 nama era selama pemerintahannya. Nama era memegang peranan penting dalam pemahaman sejarah dan historiografi Tiongkok. Nama era dapat merepresentasikan keadaan politik, sosial, budaya, dan pribadi kaisar sebagai penciptanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang perubahan nama era dan karakter Wu Zetian yang tercermin melalui analisis nama era. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan empat faktor utama perubahan nama era pada masa pemerintahan Wu Zetian, yaitu peristiwa, pencapaian, suasana hati, dan harapan. Selain itu, nama era mencerminkan Wu Zetian sebagai perempuan yang memiliki karakter religius, ambisius, percaya diri, bijaksana, berjiwa pemimpin, dan penuh pertimbangan.

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Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese dynastic history, used 14 reign-titles during her reign. Reign-titles hold a significant role in comprehending Chinese history and historiography. Reign-titles can reflect the political, social, cultural, and personal circumstances of its creator, the emperor. This research aims to determine the background to the change in reign-title and Wu Zetian's character as reflected through the analysis of reign-titles. This research uses historical research methods. The analysis reveals that during Wu Zetian's reign, reign-titles changed due to four main factors: events, achievements, moods, and expectations. Furthermore, the reign-titles of Wu Zetian indicate her as a highly ambitious woman with strong religious beliefs, exceptional self-confidence, wisdom, prudence, and leadership skills."

"Darbareye Elly merupakan sebuah film thriller psikologis dari Iran yang disutradarai oleh Asghar Farhadi dan diproduksi pada tahun 2009. Bercerita tentang sekelompok teman yang sedang pergi ke pinggir kota, Pantai Kaspia, untuk berlibur. Seiring berjalannya cerita, terungkap kebohongan-kebohongan dari para tokoh untuk mewujudkan keinginannya masing-masing. Motivasi dari para tokoh membuat perubahan karakter yang digambarkan berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori psikologi sastra mengacu pada Sigmund Freud. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memaparkan karakter tokoh utama sesuai dengan teori psikologi sastra oleh Sigmund Freud. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kepribadian tokoh utama, yaitu Elly, Sepideh, dan Ahmad memiliki karakter id yang paling mendominasi dibandingkan dengan ego dan superego, serta tokoh yang paling menunjukkan perubahan karakternya adalah Sepideh, lalu Elly, dan yang tidak terlalu menunjukkan perubahan karakternya adalah Ahmad.

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Darbareye Elly is an Iranian psychological thriller film directed by Asghar Farhadi and produced in 2009. It tells the story of a group of friends who go to the edge of the city, the Caspian Coast, for a vacation. As the story progresses, lies are revealed from the characters to realize their respective desires. The motivations of the characters make changes to the characters portrayed differently. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The theory used is the theory of literary psychology referring to Sigmund Freud. The purpose of this research is to describe the main character in accordance with the theory of literary psychology by Sigmund Freud. The results of this study found that the personalities of the main characters, namely Elly, Sepideh, and Ahmad have id characters that dominate the most compared to ego and superego, and the character who shows the most character change is Sepideh, then Elly, and the one who doesn't show too much character change is Ahmad."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang penggambaran latar ruang yang meliputi tempat tinggal Remco dan stadion sepak bola dalam film dan novel In Oranje. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperlihatkan kaitan latar tersebut dengan penokohan tokoh Remco dalam film dan novel In Oranje. Kedua karya tersebut mengisahkan tentang perjuangan tokoh Remco menjadi pemain tim kesebelasan KNVB Belanda.Sumber data penelitian adalah film In Oranje (2004) karya sutradara Frank Katelaar dan novel In Oranje (2004) karya Raymond Krul. Dalam skripsi ini analisis latar ruang dikaji dengan pendekatan pustaka Nurgiyantoro (2009), Boggs (1985), dan juga Van Boven dan Dorlijn (2003) selain itu digunakan pendekatan dari Van Balen, Jousten, dan Peppelenbos (2010).

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the descripction of setting?s of residential and soccer stadions in the film and novel In Oranje. The research objective is to see the relation of settings with Remco?s characterization of the story in film and novel In Oranje. Both works tell a story of Remco?s figure who struggled to be a KNVB Dutch football player. Source of research data is film In Oranje (2004) by director Frank Katelaar and novel In Oranje (2004) by Raymond Krul. In this thesis, used setting analysis approach by Nurgiyantoro (2009), Boggs (1985) and Van Boven and Dorlijn (2003). Furthermore used approach by Van Balen, Jousten and Peppelenbos (2010)."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai fungsi karakter dan struktur narasi dalam film Sand Storm karya Elite Zexer yang berasal dari Israel. Dalam jurnal yang berjudul Review:Headline Acts dikatakan bahwa dalam film Sand Storm sebagian besar memuat mengenai narasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif di mana penelitian ini bersifat menggambarkan, menguraikan suatu hal dengan apa adanya, data yang dikumpulkan adalah berupa kata-kata atau penalaran, gambar, dan bukan angka-angka. Naratif dalam penelitian kualitatif menyajikan informasi dalam bentuk naskah atau gambar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka dengan mengkaji sumber melalui buku-buku, berita, jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan topik tersebut. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa adanya kesesuaian antara film Sand Storm dengan teori yang digunakan oleh Todorov. peneliti menemukan 3 hal yang paling sesuai yaitu terdapat 6 bagian pada struktur narasi dalam film Sand Storm, 6 bagian tersebut adalah keseimbangan (ekuilibrium), gangguan (disruption), kesadaran terjadi gangguan, puncak gangguan, upaya memperbaiki gangguan, dan keseimbangan. Film Sand Storm menggunakan Plot Linear. Terdapat 5 fungsi karakter dalam Film Sand Storm yang didukung oleh teori Vladimir Propp, 5 fungsi tersebut adalah The Hero atau Pahlawan, Villain atau Penjahat, Helper atau Penolong, Panderma atau Donor, dan Dispatcher atau Pengirim.

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This research discusses the function of the characters and narrative structure in the film Sand Storm by Elite Zexer from Israel. In the journal entitled Review: Headline Acts it is said that in the film Sand Storm mostly contains the narrative of mother and daughter. The method used is a qualitative method where this research is described, deciphering a thing as it is, the data collected is in the form of words or reasoning, images, and not numbers. Narratives in research present information in the form of manuscripts or images. The data collection technique used in this writing is a literature study by reviewing sources through books, news, scientific journals related to the topic. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that there was a compatibility between the film Sand Storm and the theory used by Todorov. The first most suitable result is that there are 6 parts to the narrative structure in the film Sand Storm, the 6 parts are equilibrium, disruption, awareness of disturbances, peak disturbances, efforts to correct disturbances, and balance. The second most suitable result is the film Sand Storm using Linear Plot. The third most appropriate result is that there are 5 characters functions in Sand Storm that are supported by Vladimir Propp's theory, these 5 functions are The Hero or Hero, Villain or Villain, Helper or Helper, Panderma or Donor, and Dispatcher or Sender."

"Babad Praya merupakan naskah klasik Lombok yang menceritakan perjuangan suku Sasak Praya untuk lepas dari kekuasaan Karangasem Bali. Tokoh penting dalam cerita ini adalah Tuan Guru Bangkol. Penelitian ini membahas Tuan Guru Bangkol sebagai representasi tokoh pejuang suku Sasak dalam Babad Praya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan peran Tuan Guru dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat suku Sasak, serta berfokus pada perlawanan Tuan Guru Bangkol sebagai panglima perang Praya II pada 1891—1894. Sumber data utama penelitian ini berupa transliterasi naskah Babad Praya oleh Lalu Gde Suparman. Selanjutnya dalam mengkaji teks digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan teori representasi dari Jacob Sumardjo dan Stuart Hall. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tuan Guru Bangkol berperan penting dalam membebaskan masyarakat Sasak Lombok dari kekuasaan Karangasem. Tuan Guru Bangkol merupakan representasi pejuang yang mempunyai peran utama dalam perlawanan rakyat Sasak terhadap Karangasem. Beliau berperan sebagai panglima perang sekaligus pemimpin tarikat qadiriyah wa naqsabandiyah bagi kelompoknya.

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Babad Praya is a classic Lombok manuscript that tells the struggle of the Sasak Praya tribe to escape the rule of Karangasem Bali. An important character in this story is Tuan Guru Bangkol. This study discusses Tuan Guru Bangkol as a representation of Sasak tribal warrior figures in Babad Praya. This study aims to describe the role of Tuan Guru in the social life of the Sasak people and focuses on the resistance of Tuan Guru Bangkol as the warlord of Praya II in 1891-1894. The main source of data for this research is the transliteration of the Babad Praya manuscript by Lalu Gde Suparman. Furthermore, in reviewing the text, descriptive qualitative research methods are used with the representation theory approach of Jacob Sumardjo and Stuart Hall. The results of this study show that Tuan Guru Bangkol played an important role in liberating the Sasak community of Lombok from the rule of Karangasem. Tuan Guru Bangkol is a representative of fighters who have a major role in the resistance of the Sasak people against Karangasem. He acted as a warlord as well as the leader of the qadiriyah wa naqsabandiyah tarikat for his group."

"ABSTRAKDrama ?Orang-orang Terminal? (1979) adalah drama yang ditulis oleh Agnes Yani Sardjono. Drama ini menceritakan tiga tokoh gelandangan dan interaksinya dengan orang-orang yang bersinggahan di terminal. Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan karakter tokoh gelandangan (Botak, Peyang, dan Min) yang ditampilkan dari cara mereka membicarakan keadaan sekitar dan hubungan mereka dengan masyarakat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah karakter gelandangan di dalam drama tidak sepenuhnya sama dengan gelandangan dalam anggapan masyarakat dan definisi para ahli.

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ABSTRACT"Orang-orang Terminal" (1979) is a drama written by Agnes Yani Sardjono. This drama tells the three bums and their interaction with people who visit the terminal. This thesis describes the character of bums (Botak, Peyang, and Min) that showed by the way they talk about the issues around their life and their correlation with the society. The thesis concludes that character of the bums in the drama is not entirely as same as the bums in public?s perception and definition of the experts."

"[Manga sebagai salah satu produk kebudayaan populer Jepang tidak hanya bertujuan sebagai media hiburan tetapi juga dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai gambaran watak tokoh utama yang dianalisis melalui penokohannya. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengungkapkan perubahan-perubahan watak yang dialami oleh tokoh utamanya, Shouya. Melalui hubungan Shouya dengan tokoh-tokoh yang memiliki pengaruh penting tersebut,penulis juga akan mengungkapkan pesan-pesan moral yang ingin disampaikan oleh pengarangnya secara tersirat. Dalam meneliti Koe no Katachi, penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa studi dokumen. Hasil analisismenunjukkan bahwa terdapat perubahan-perubahan watak tokoh Shouya dan pesan-pesan moral yang berfungsi sebagai media pembelajaran.

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Manga as one of the product of Japanese popular culture not only to purpose on entertainment but also for education. This thesis discusses about the image ofcharacterization of main character which analyzed through characterization. The purpose is to reveal transformation of characterization of main character, Shouya. Through interaction between Shouya with characters who have important impact to him, writer also reveal implicit moral value which convey by author. In research of Koe no Katachi, the method of collecting data which using by writer is study of document. The result of analysis shows that the characterization of Shouya was transformed and moral values which aim for education. Manga as one of the product of Japanese popular culture not only to purpose on entertainment but also for education. This thesis discusses about the image of characterization of main character which analyzed through characterization. Thepurpose is to reveal transformation of characterization of main character, Shouya. Through interaction between Shouya with characters who have important impact to him, writer also reveal implicit moral value which convey by author. In research of Koe no Katachi, the method of collecting data which using by writer is study of document. The result of analysis shows that the characterization of Shouya was transformed and moral values which aim for education;Manga as one of the product of Japanese popular culture not only to purpose on entertainment but also for education. This thesis discusses about the image of characterization of main character which analyzed through characterization. Thepurpose is to reveal transformation of characterization of main character, Shouya. Through interaction between Shouya with characters who have important impactto him, writer also reveal implicit moral value which convey by author. In research of Koe no Katachi, the method of collecting data which using by writeris study of document. The result of analysis shows that the characterization of Shouya was transformed and moral values which aim for education;Manga as one of the product of Japanese popular culture not only to purpose on entertainment but also for education. This thesis discusses about the image of characterization of main character which analyzed through characterization. Thepurpose is to reveal transformation of characterization of main character, Shouya. Through interaction between Shouya with characters who have important impactto him, writer also reveal implicit moral value which convey by author. In research of Koe no Katachi, the method of collecting data which using by writeris study of document. The result of analysis shows that the characterization of Shouya was transformed and moral values which aim for education.;Manga as one of the product of Japanese popular culture not only to purpose onentertainment but also for education. This thesis discusses about the image ofcharacterization of main character which analyzed through characterization. Thepurpose is to reveal transformation of characterization of main character, Shouya.Through interaction between Shouya with characters who have important impactto him, writer also reveal implicit moral value which convey by author. Inresearch of Koe no Katachi, the method of collecting data which using by writeris study of document. The result of analysis shows that the characterization ofShouya was transformed and moral values which aim for education, Manga as one of the product of Japanese popular culture not only to purpose onentertainment but also for education. This thesis discusses about the image ofcharacterization of main character which analyzed through characterization. Thepurpose is to reveal transformation of characterization of main character, Shouya.Through interaction between Shouya with characters who have important impactto him, writer also reveal implicit moral value which convey by author. Inresearch of Koe no Katachi, the method of collecting data which using by writeris study of document. The result of analysis shows that the characterization ofShouya was transformed and moral values which aim for education]"

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang tokoh dan penokohan yang terdapat dalam novel Ikhtilas karya Hani Naqshabandi. Novel Arab ini diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan judul Wanita Terpasung yang cerita di dalam novel diangkat dari kisah nyata. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis untuk mendeskripsikan lalu menganalisis data secara mendalam. Selain itu, menggunakan pendekatan struktural untuk membangun hubungan antar unsur untrinsik di dalam novel. Hasil penelitian tokoh dan penokohan yang terdapat di dalam novel Ikhtilas, penulis menemukan karakteristik-karakteristik tokoh yang dipengaruhi lingkungan masyarakat dan tempat tinggalnya. Selain itu, terdapat pula karakteristik tokoh-tokoh yang sangat beragam.

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This Thesis discussed about character and characterization in Ikhtilas novel by Hani Naqshabandi. This Arabic novel was translated to Indonesian with "Wanita Terpasung" as title which is a true story. The writer used descriptive-analytic method to describe then analyze the data profoundly. Furthermore, structural approach was used to build connection between intrinsic elements in the novel. As the result, the writer found characters in the novel were affected by communities and their habitats. However, there were also diversity in characters."

"Cerpen Jia karya Han Tongliang diterbitkan pada tahun 1962, berkisah tentang keluarga di Cina pada masa tahun 1960-an dari sudut pandang tokoh utama 'aku', seorang pelajar yatim piatu. Cerpen ini menggambarkan hilangnya konsep atau nilai keluarga yang dialami 'aku' akibat wafatnya orang tua, dan juga akibat pengaturan sistem di era 1960-an di bawah pemerintahan Partai Komunis Cina. Pengaruh kondisi sosial pada masa itu pada tokoh nampak terutama pada pikiran dan tindakannya. Meskipun cerpen Jia sangat singkat dan tidak menggunakan penanda latar waktu secara gamblang, tetapi pengarang menggunakan istilah-istilah tertentu sebagai sinyal dan petunjuk. Beberapa istilah tersebut menjadi kunci yang membuka jalan untuk menganalisis cerpen ini. Skripsi ini membahas dua hal, pertama yaitu latar waktu dan sosial yang digunakan dalam cerita, dan kedua membahas dampak kondisi sosial tersebut terhadap tokoh sebagaimana yang digambarkan oleh pengarang. Dari analisis akan terlihat bahwa kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Cina pada era 1960-an telah membuat konsep keluarga tradisional yang dikenal secara umum menghilang.Menjelang akhir cerita, pertemuan tokoh 'aku' yang tak disengaja dengan keluarga Liu, seolah menghadirkan kembali gambaran keluarga yang selama ini sudah pudar dari benaknya.

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Jia is a short story written by Han Tongliang that was published in 1962. It tells the story of a family in 1960s China from the point of view of the character ldquo I rdquo who is an orphaned student. The story portrays the loss of the concept of family or family values that is experienced by the character ldquo I rdquo due to the death of his family and the ruling system of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1960s. The impact of the social condition on the character ldquo I rdquo could be seen through the character rsquo s thoughts and actions. Although Jia is a very short story and the author does not blatantly show the time settings, the author managed to utilize certain phrases as signals and clues in reference to the time. Some of the signals and clues act as a key that opens the analysis to this short story.

This essay discusses two issues the first discussion is on the time and social setting of the story, and the second one is about the impact of social condition of the era on the character ldquo I rdquo as portrayed by the writer. From the analysis, it would later be seen that the policies that were made by the Chinese government in the 1960s have caused the concept of traditional families to disappear. Towards the end of the story, the coincidental meeting of the character ldquo I rdquo with the Liu family somehow brings back the portrayal of family that has been absent from his mind."

"Masa remaja merupakan masa yang sangat penting dan dinamis karena pada masa ini remaja mulai mencari dan menegaskan eksistensinya. Pembentukan identitas dialami remaja karena adanya transisi posisi dan eksistensi antara kanak-kanak dan dewasa. Proses pembentukan identitas pada masa remaja sering diangkat sebagai tema dalam film. Film sebagai media dapat digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan atau ideologinya kepada penonton. Menurut Steele 2001 , film adalah lawan bicara atau partisipan dalam memberi dan menerima dialektik antara apa yang remaja ketahui tentang dirinya dan masyarakat serta apa yang masih harus mereka pelajari. Oleh karena itu, melalui film, proses pembentukan identitas pada remaja dapat dilihat. Salah satu film yang mengangkat tema tersebut adalah Tschick. Film yang bergenre drama-komedi dan road movie ini bercerita tentang proses transformasi dua remaja laki-laki yang tidak dianggap bernama Maik dan Tschick menjadi remaja yang dianggap penting oleh teman-temannya melalui perjalanan yang mereka lakukan melintasi daerah di Jerman dengan mobil Lada curian Tschick. Proses pembentukan identitas tersebut direpresentasikan melalui perjalanan yang mereka lakukan. Penelitian ini akan melihat bagaimana proses pembentukan identitas Maik dan Tschick dengan menganalisis peran mereka di berbagai domain kehidupan seperti keluarga, hubungan dengan teman, peran seks dan gender, dan nilai-nilai. Pemaparan proses pembentukan identitas ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bahwa proses pembentukan identitas bersifat dinamis dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis tekstual dengan pendekatan semiotik. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa identitas bukanlah sesuatu yang tetap dan mutlak, melainkan sebuah proses yang tidak akan pernah selesai dan dapat berubah. Selain itu, identitas dapat berubah tergantung dari interaksi yang dilakukan dan merupakan perpaduan antara interpelasi dan interpretasi. Dengan kata lain, identitas ditentukan oleh bagaimana seseorang diposisikan dan memosisikan dirinya.

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Adolescence is a very important and dynamic period because in this period adolescents begin to seek and affirm their existence. Identity formation is experienced by adolescents because of the transition of position and existence between childhood and adulthood. The process of identity formation in adolescence is often selected as a theme of a film. Film as a medium can be used to convey messages or ideologies to the audience. According to Steele 2001 , films are interlocutors or participants in a dialectic give and take between what teenagers know about themselves and society and what they still have to learn. Therefore, the process of identity formation in adolescents can be seen through the film. One of the films that using the identity formation as its theme is Tschick. This drama comedy and road movie is about the transformation of two teenage boys named Maik and Tschick from teenagers who are considered as outsider, to be the teenagers who are considered to be important by their friends through a journey across Germany with Lada lsquo Tschick rsquo s stolen car rsquo . The process of identity formation is represented through the journey that they do. This research will look at the process of identity formation of Maik and Tschick by analyzing their roles in various domains of life such as family, relationships with friends, sex and gender roles, and values. The explanation of this identity formation aims to show that the process of identity formation is dynamic and strongly influenced by the environment. The used research method is textual analysis with semiotic approach. Based on this research, it can be concluded that identity is not something fixed and absolute, but a process that will never be finished and can change. Moreover, identity may change depending on the interaction and is a correlation between interpellation and interpretation. In other words, identity is determined by how people position themselves and be positioned by others."