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"Produktivitas yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa industri dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya seperti tenaga kerja, mesin operasi, waktu serta hal lainnya yang mempengaruhi proses produksi secara maksimal. Pemborosan bagi perusahaan dapat mengakibatkan lama waktu produksi menjadi bertambah. VSM (Value Stream Mapping) merupakan salah satu metode untuk mengindentifikasi aktivitas produksi pada industri manufaktur, sehingga mempermudah untuk mencari akar permasalahan pada proses. Metode ini dapat memetakan secara keseluruhan gambaran proses produksi dari awal sampai akhir. Process Activity Mapping (PAM) juga dapat memberikan gambaran waktu terkait proses produksi yang meliputi value added time, non-value added time dan necessary non-value added time. PT. Forsta Kalmedic Global merupakan salah satu industri yang melakukan produksi benang bedah yang salah satunya adalah Elvadio. Pemetaan proses menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi yang memakan waktu produksi cukup banyak yaitu bagian quality control (70 %). Proses ini perlu dilakukan tapi tidak menambah value pada benang bedah. Produksi Elvadio memilki waktu proses 23,63 hari dengan komposisi 2,57 % value added, 21,75 % non value added dan 75,68 % necessary but non value added.

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High productivity indicates that the industry can utilize resources such as labor, operating machinery, time and other things that affect the production process to the maximum. Waste can result in increased production time. VSM (Value Stream Mapping) is one method to identify production activities in the manufacturing industry, making it easier to find the root of the problem in the process. This method can map the overall of production process from start to finish. Process Activity Mapping (PAM) can also provide an overview of time related to the production process which includes value added time, non-value added time and necessary non-value added time. PT Forsta Kalmedic Global is one of the industries that produce surgical threads, one of which is Elvadio. x Universitas Indonesia The process mapping shows that the production process that takes up quite a lot of production time is the quality control section (70%). This process needs to be done but does not add value to the surgical thread. Elvadio production has a process time of 23.63 days with a composition of 2.57% value added, 21.75% non-value added and 75.68% necessary but non-value added."

"Manusia beraktivitas dalam satuan waktu pada suatu ruang dan memberikan makna baru ke dalam ruangnya. Makna tersebut dapat direpresentasikan dan dapat disampaikan melalui berbagai media, salah satunya adalah komik. Komik merupakan representasi persepsi komikus yang disampaikan melalui susunan gambar untuk menyampaikan informasi kepada pembaca. Komik menyampaikan informasi dengan gambar dan kata yang disatukan dalam sebuah panel yang kemudian disusun agar informasinya dapat terhubung. Informasi yang didapatkan merupakan isyarat terhadap pembentukan ruang dan waktu yang disampaikan komikus dalam komik. Keterhubungan informasi pada panel komik dapat dibaca dengan prinsip Gestalt. Prinsip Gestalt membantu pembentukan persepsi ruang dan waktu dalam komik agar informasi dalam setiap panelnya dapat menjadi satu kesatuan informasi. Dalam aplikasinya terhadap panel dalam komik, prinsip Gestalt yang dominan digunakan adalah figure-ground untuk memisahkan antara karakter dengan latarnya, proximity yang mengelompokkan informasi dari figure-ground sesuai dengan penyusunan panelnya, dan closure yang menghubungkan keseluruhan informasi dari panelnya sehingga terbaca sebagai ruang dan waktu yang utuh dari komik. Sehingga dalam merepresentasikan ruang dan waktu, bagian dari informasinya dapat disampaikan ke dalam media dengan aplikasi prinsip Gestalt khususnya figure-ground, proximity, dan closure agar persepsi visualnya dapat terbentuk.

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Humans activities occured in units of time in a space and give new meaning to the space. These meanings can be represented and can be conveyed through various media, one of which is comics. Comics are representations of comic artists' perceptions conveyed through the arrangement of images to convey information to readers. Comics convey information with pictures and words that are put together in a panel which is then arranged so that the information can be connected. The information obtained is a sign of the formation of space and time delivered by comics in the comic. The connection of information in the comic panel can be read with the Gestalt principle.

The Gestalt principle helps to form perceptions of space and time in comics so that the information in each panel can become a single unit of information. In its application to the panel in comics, the dominant Gestalt principle used is figure-ground to separate characters from background, proximity which groups information from figure-ground according to the arrangement of panels, and closure that connects all information from the panel so that it reads space and time complete from comics. So that in representing space and time, part of the information can be conveyed into the media with the application of the principle of Gestalt specifically figure-ground, proximity, and closure so that visual perception can be formed."

"[ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh aktivitas pelabuhan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dilakukan melalui analisis angka pengganda (multiplier analysis), analisis kontribusi (share analysis) dan keterkaitan antar sektor pelabuhan Indonesia; (2) Untuk menganalisis posisi pelabuhan dalam sektor kunci perekonomian Indonesia; (3) Untuk menganalisis dampak investasi PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (BUMN) terhadap pendapatan (income) dan nilai tambah bruto (NTB) perekonomian Indonesia.Adapun data yang digunakan menggunakan data-data yang dipublikasikan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Universitas Indonesia (UI) khususnya adalah Tabel Input Output 2008 Updating dan 2010. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah menggunakan pendekatan analisis Input-Output, yaitu angka pengganda (multiplier analysis), analisa keterkaitan antar sektor (forward-backward linkage), analisis kontribusi (share analysis) dan analisis dampak investasi terhadap pendapatan (income) dan nilai tambah bruto (NTB) sektor-sektor perekonomian Indonesia.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah (1) Sektor-sektor pelabuhan memiliki nilai angka pengganda output yang relatif besar dan angka pengganda pendapatan yang relatif kecil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa 4 (empat) sektor terpilih yaitu Jasa Penunjang Angkutan, Jalan, Jembatan dan Pelabuhan, Angkutan Laut dan Industri Kapal dan Jasa Perbaikannya, memiliki potensi penciptaan output yang besar dari permintaannya, tetapi memiliki sedikit potensi penciptaan pendapatan rumah tangga, hal ini disebabkan karena 4 (empat) sektor ini hanya sedikit menggunakan input yang berasal dari rumah tangga atau hanya menyerap sedikit tenaga kerja rumah tangga. (2) Koefisien teknologi tahun 2008 dan 2010, terdapat perbedaansehingga terjadi perubahan teknologi dalam proses produksi output perekonomian. Sektor Jalan, Jembatan dan Pelabuhan merupakan sektor yang memiliki kontribusi output (output share) dan kontribusi permintaan antara (intermediate demand) tertinggi.(3) Sektor Kunci perekonomian, yaitu sektor Jalan, Jembatan, dan Pelabuhan, Angkutan Laut, dan Jasa Penunjang Angkutan, sedangkan Industri Kapal dan Jasa perbaikannya masih belum menjadi sektor kunci perekonomian. (4) Stimulus investasi terhadap sektor-sektor pelabuhandapat meningkatkan distribusi pendapatan ke seluruh sektor-sektor perekonomian lainnya dan terjadi peningkatan total pendapatan dari output seluruh perekonomian.(5) Stimulus investasi terhadap sektor-sektor pelabuhan dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah bruto (NTB) ke seluruh sektor-sektor perekonomian lainnya dan terjadi peningkatan total NTB dari output seluruh perekonomian.(6) penurunan dwelling time terhadap sektor-sektor pelabuhan dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah bruto (NTB) ke seluruh sektor-sektor perekonomian lainnya danterjadi peningkatan total NTB dari output seluruh perekonomian.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study were: (1) To analyze the effect of the port activity on the Indonesian economy is done through the multiplier analysis, analysis of the contribution (share analysis) and linkages between Indonesian port sector; (2) To analyze the position of the port in the key sectors of the Indonesian economy; (3) To analyze the impact of investment and dwelling time on PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia to earnings and gross value added Indonesian economy. The data that is being used from the data published by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the University of Indonesia (UI) in particular is Updating Input Output Table 2008 and 2010. The analysis tool used is using the Input-Output analysis approach, the multiplier analysis, forward-backward linkage analysis, the analysis of the contribution (share analysis) and the analysis of investment impact on income and gross value added the Indonesian economy sectors. The conclusion is (1) Sectors port multiplier output value is relatively large and income multiplier is relatively small. This shows that 4 (four) selected sectors namely Supporting Services Transport, Roads, Bridges and Ports, Sea Transport and Industrial Ship and Improvement Services, has a great potential outputcreation of demand, but it has small potential for the creation of household income, this due to the 4 (four) sector is only inconsiderably small in using the input that comes from households or just absorb small amount of household labor. (2) The coefficient of the technology in 2008 and 2010, there is a difference resulting in a change of technology in the production process of the economy's output. Sector Roads, Bridges and Ports is the one that has the highest output share and intermediate demand. (3) The Roads, Bridges, and Ports, Sea Transport, Transport and Supporting Services are the key sectors of the economy, while the Shipbuilding Industry and Services improvement is still not a key sector of the economy. (4) Stimulus investments to the port sectors can improve incomedistribution to all other sectors of the economy and an increase in total revenue of the output of the entire economy. (5) Stimulus investments to the port sectors could increase the gross value added to throughout other sectors of the economy and an increase in the total value added of the output of the entire economy. (6) reduction in dwelling time for the Indonesian port could increase gross value added to all other sectors of the economy and an increase in the total value added of the whole output economy., The purpose of this study were: (1) To analyze the effect of the port activityon the Indonesian economy is done through the multiplier analysis, analysis of thecontribution (share analysis) and linkages between Indonesian port sector; (2) Toanalyze the position of the port in the key sectors of the Indonesian economy; (3)To analyze the impact of investment and dwelling time on PT. PelabuhanIndonesia to earnings and gross value added Indonesian economy.The data that is being used from the data published by the Central StatisticsAgency (BPS) and the University of Indonesia (UI) in particular is Updating InputOutput Table 2008 and 2010. The analysis tool used is using the Input-Outputanalysis approach, the multiplier analysis, forward-backward linkage analysis, theanalysis of the contribution (share analysis) and the analysis of investment impacton income and gross value added the Indonesian economy sectors.The conclusion is (1) Sectors port multiplier output value is relatively largeand income multiplier is relatively small. This shows that 4 (four) selected sectorsnamely Supporting Services Transport, Roads, Bridges and Ports, Sea Transportand Industrial Ship and Improvement Services, has a great potential outputcreation of demand, but it has small potential for the creation of householdincome, this due to the 4 (four) sector is only inconsiderably small in using theinput that comes from households or just absorb small amount of household labor.(2) The coefficient of the technology in 2008 and 2010, there is a differenceresulting in a change of technology in the production process of the economy'soutput. Sector Roads, Bridges and Ports is the one that has the highest output share and intermediate demand. (3) The Roads, Bridges, and Ports, Sea Transport,Transport and Supporting Services are the key sectors of the economy, while theShipbuilding Industry and Services improvement is still not a key sector of theeconomy. (4) Stimulus investments to the port sectors can improve incomedistribution to all other sectors of the economy and an increase in total revenue ofthe output of the entire economy. (5) Stimulus investments to the port sectorscould increase the gross value added to throughout other sectors of the economyand an increase in the total value added of the output of the entire economy. (6)reduction in dwelling time for the Indonesian port could increase gross valueadded to all other sectors of the economy and an increase in the total value addedof the whole output economy]"

"In this book, Graham Wills bridges the gap between the art and the science of visually representing data. He does not simply give rules and advice, but bases these on general principles and provide a clear path between them. "

"Divisi Produksi pada suatu Perusahaan Radiator mengalami masalah keterlambatan mencapai 34%. Sebesar 69.23% penyebab keterlambatan diakibatkan oleh hambatan pada stasiun kerja. Hambatan-hambatan ini diidentifikasi sebagai suatu pemborosan yang tidak memberi nilai pada produk yang dihasilkan. Kegiatan observasi pada penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemborosan apa saja yang terjadi pada proses produksi. Pendekatan VSM dan FMEA digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pemborosan pada proses produksi. Penelitian menghasilkan rancangan proses produksi yang dapat menurunkan lead time sebesar 26.12% dari `1321.18 menit menjadi 976.15 menit. Penurunan lead time berpengaruh terhadap penurunan reschedule pada Divisi Produksi sebesar 8.88% dari 34% menjadi 25.12%. Penurunan reschedule pada Divisi Produksi berpengaruh terhadap penurunan persentase jumlah unit radiator yang mengalami reschedule sebesar 11.24% dari 43% menjadi 31.76%.

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Production Division in Radiator Company having reschedule problems reached 34%. 69.23% of the reschedule caused by barriers at the work station. These barriers are identified as a waste that doesn?t give value of the product. Observation in this research aims to determine waste of production process. VSM and FMEA tools are used to solve problems related to waste, which present in the production.

The research resulted in the design of production process improvements that can reduce 26.12% of lead time from 1321.18 minutes to 376.15 minutes. Decreased lead time of the processes resulted in the decreased of reschedule in Production Division from 34% to 25.12%, which is 8.88%. Decreased reschedule in Production Division resulted in the decreased of unit radiator rescheduled from 43% to 31.76%, which is 11.24%."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan spons pencuci di Indonesia. Masalah yang dialami oleh perusahaan ini adalah meningkatnya lead time proses produksi spons pencuci. Penyelesaian masalah ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan value stream mapping dan prinsip lean sebagai usulan perbaikan. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, terdapat beberapa usulan perbaikan yang diajukan. Hasil penerapan usulan perbaikan tersebut mengurangi total lead time dari 5,72 hari menjadi 2,03 hari, serta mengurangi total cycle time dari 7,74 detik menjadi 2,47 detik.

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This study is conducted in a sponge company in Indonesia. Problem starts when the lead time of sponge production increased. This study applies Value Stream Mapping method to solve the problem and Lean Principle for improvement proposal. Based on the analysis, there are several proposed improvements to be implemented. The results of the implementation of the proposed improvements reduce total lead time of 5.72 days to 2.03 days, as well as reducing the total cycle time of 7.74 seconds to 2.47 seconds."

"Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukkan hasil yang ambigu mengenai pencarian visual untuk ekspresi-ekspresi wajah emosional. Bukti menunjukkan deteksi efisien dan akurat baik untuk wajah senang maupun wajah marah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efisiensi pencarian dalam mendeteksi ekspresi senang dan marah sebagaimana diindikasikan oleh waktu respon dalam ukuran kelompok yang bermacam-macam. Dua-puluh-enam mahasiswa psikologi tingkat satu di University of Queensland ditampilkan wajah-wajah fotografik. Wajah senang bermulut terbuka dideteksi sama tidak efisiennya dengan wajah marah bermulut terbuka dengan orientasi tegak dan terbalik. Sebaliknya, bukti menunjukkan bahwa wajah senang sumringah dideteksi secara lebih efisien daripada wajah marah bermulut terbuka di orientasi tegak, tapi tidak ketika wajah-wajah itu dibalik orientasinya.

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Previous studies had shown equivocal results regarding visual search for emotional facial expressions. Evidence suggested either an efficient and accurate detection for happy or angry faces. The present study aimed to investigate search efficiency in detecting happy and angry expressions as indicated by response times across the size of the faces (set sizes). Twenty-six first-year psychology students at The University of Queensland were presented photographic faces. Open-mouth happy faces were found to be detected as slowly and inaccurately as open-mouth angry faces in upright and upside-down (i.e., inverted) orientations. Conversely, it was evident that exuberantly happy faces were detected more efficiently than open-mouth angry faces in upright orientation, but not when they were inverted."