Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Interleukin (IL)-18 (interferon-g inducing factor) merupakan salah satu sitokin yang diproduksi makrofag, berperan dalam diferensiasi sel T-helper menjadi T-helper-1, dan produksi interferon g. T-helper-1 berperan dalam imunitas seluler khususnya pada infeksi virus termasuk infeksi dengue. Dilakukan studi deskriptif korelatif mengenai hubungan kadar IL-18 dengan derajat penyakit pada penderita demam dengue (DD) dan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) yang dirawat. Pada 42 subyek yang terdiri dari 20 (47,6%) penderita demam dengue dan 22 (52,3%) demam berdarah dengue (derajat I sampai IV menurut kriteria WHO tahun 1999). Didapatkan kadar IL-18 secara bermakna lebih tinggi pada DHF dibandingkan DF. Didapatkan korelasi kadar IL-18 dengan nilai hematokrit dan hitung trombosit. Studi ini menunjang kemungkinan keterlibatan IL-18 dalam patogenesis DBD pada pasien dewasa. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 86-9)

---

Interleukin (IL)-18 ( interferon-g inducing factor) is one of cytokines, produced by macrophage, take part in differentiation T-helper (Th) to Th1 and interferon g producing. T-helper1 play role in cellular immunity especially in viral infection include dengue. A descriptive correlative study has done to know the correlation between IL-18 levels and disease severity in admitted dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients. In 42 subjects consist of 20 (47.6%) DF and 22 (53.3%) DHF (grade I to IV WHO criteria, 1999) showed that IL-18 levels significantly higher in DHF than DF patients. There are significant correlation between IL-18 levels and hematocrit and low platelet value. This study supports the possible role of IL-18 in pathogenesis DHF in adults. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 86-9)"

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan data demografi, faktor risiko, gambaran klinis, infeksi oportunis/ko-infeksi dan perbedaannya pada rumah sakit pemerintah dan swasta. Penelitian retrospektif-deskriptif dilakukan di RSUPN-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RS pemerintah) dan RS Medistra (RS swasta) di Jakarta. Kriteria inklusi mencakup kasus HIV/AIDS yang dirawat pada tahun 2002-2003, dan hasil serologi HIV positif dengan metode Elisa. Data sekunder didapatkan dari rekam medis. Enam puluh enam subyek diikut-sertakan dalam penelitian (RS pemerintah 30 subyek dan RS swasta 36 subyek), terdiri dari 59 pria (89.4%) dan 7 wanita (10.6%). Tiga puluh tujuh persen subyek didiagnosis HIV dan 62% AIDS. Faktor risiko yang didapat mencakup pengguna narkoba (59.1%), homoseksual (13.6%), heteroseksual (21.1%), transfusi (1.5%) dan perinatal (1.5%). Gejala klinis terutama berupa demam akut (56.2%), penurunan berat badan (39.4%), batuk (38.8%), sesak nafas (27.2%), diare kronik (22.8%), demam berkepanjangan (19.7%), penurunan kesadaran (15.3% dan, anoreksia (15.3%). Perbedaan bermakna antara RS pemerintah dan swasta didapatkan pada keluhan demam dan batuk. Presentasi klinis pasien HIV/AIDS selama perawatan mencakup : pnemonia (56%), oral trush (22.6%), anemia (56.5%), lekopenia (32.3%), limfopenia (55.9%), peningkatan SGOT/SGPT (66.1%), hipoalbuminemia (46.9%), limfadenopati (10.6%), lesi serebral (7.6%), ensefalopati (6.0%), tuberkulosis paru dan efusi pleura (10.6%). Infeksi oportunis dan ko-infeksi mencakup kandidosis (25.8%), hepatitis C kronik (24.2%), hepatitis B dan C kronik (4.5%), tb paru, limfadenitis dan tb milier. Kandidosis dan tb paru lebih sering ditemukan di RS pemerintah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa manifestasi klinis HIV/AIDS berupa pria/wanita usia muda dengan satu atau lebih faktor risiko, mengalami demam, keluhan pernapasan, penurunan berat badan, diare kronik, lemah, oral trush, anemia, lekopenia, limfopenia. Pasien yang dirawat di RS swasta menunjukkan gejala yang lebih bervariasi sedangkan yang dirawat di RS pemerintah menunjukkan kondisi yang lebih berat dan stadium lebih lanjut. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 232-6)

---

The aims of this study is to determine the demographic data, risk factors, clinical presentations, opportunistic/co-infections and its difference between public and private hospitals. A retrospective-descriptive study was conducted in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (public hospital) and Medistra Hospital (private hospital), Jakarta. The inclusion criteria were new HIV/AIDS cases admitted in year 2002-2003 and positive HIV serology (Elisa method). Secondary data were collected form medical record. Sixty-six subjects were enrolled in this study (public hospital 30 subjects and private hospital 36 subjects), consist of 59 male (89.4%) and 7 female (10.6%). Thirty-seven percent subjects were defined as HIV and 62% AIDS. Risk factors obtained include drug user (59.1%), homosexual (13.6%), heterosexual (21.1%), transfusion (1.5%) and maternal-child (perinatal) (1.5%). The clinical symptoms mainly present as acute fever (56.2%), weight loss (39.4%), cough (38.8%), shortness of breath (27.2%), chronic diarrhea (22.8%), prolong fever (19.7%), loss of conciousness (15.3%), anorexia (15.3%). Significant differences between public and private hospitals were seen in fever and cough symptoms. Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS patients during admission were : pneumonia (56%), oral trush (22.6%), anemia (56.5%), leucopenia (32.3%), lymphopenia (55.9%), elevated AST/ALT (66.1%), hypoalbuminemia (46.9%), limphadenopathy (10.6%), brain space occuping lesion (7.6%), encephalopathy (6.0%), pulmonary tb and pleural effusion (10.6%). The opportunistic and co-infections present were candidiasis (25.8%), chronic hepatitis C (24.2%), chronic hepatitis B and C (4.5%), pulmonary tb, lymphadenitis and miliary tb. Candidiasis and pulmonary tb were frequently found in public hospital. In conclusion from this study that clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS were young man or woman, with one or more possible risk factor, had fever, respiratory complain, loss of body weight, chronic diarrhea, fatique, oral trush, anemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia. Patients admitted in private hospital had varied complain; and patients that admitted in public hospital had more severe and advance condition. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 232-6)"

"Sepsis adalah kondisi klinis yang disebabkan oleh respon imun pejamu terhadap infeksi atau stimulus lain yang ditandai oleh inflamasi sistemik. Respon klinis pada sepsis dapat bervariasi tergantung dari tahap kompensasi atau dekompensasi, proses inflamasi dan kondisi pejamu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai peran dari parameter (klinis, biokimia, hematologi, analisis gas darah dan koagulasi) dalam menunjang diagnosis sepsis. Dilakukan penelitian dengan disain potong lintang di unit rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, antara bulan Pebruari hingga Juli 2002. Empat puluh dua pasien memenuhi kriteria sepsis, sepsis berat dan renjatan septik. Dikumpulkan data klinis, sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan hematologi, biokimia, analisis gas darah dan koagulasi. Empat puluh dua subyek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, dengan usia antara 19 hingga 78 tahun. Sebelas subyek memenuhi kriteria sepsis awal, 20 sepsis berat dan 11 renjatan septik. Pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan Glasgow coma scale menurun secara bermakna pada sepsis berat dan renjatan septik. Denyut jantung, frekuensi nafas dan suhu tubuh meningkat pada semua kelompok. Pada sebagian besar subyek hemoglobin kurang dari 10 g/dl dan hematokrit kurang dari 30%. Hitung lekosit meningkat pada lebih dari 80% subyek dengan jumlah lebih dari 15.000/mm3. Hitung trombosit menurun (kurang dari 50.000/mm3) terutama pada renjatan septik. Kreatinin serum meningkat (> 2 mg/dl) secara bermakna pada sepsis berat dan renjatan septik. Albumin menurun, LDH dan prokalsitonin meningkat. Analisis gas darah menunjukkan: pH dan HCO3 menurun terutama pada renjatan septik; PO2 menurun pada sepsis berat dan renjatan septik; dan PCO2 kurang dari 32 mmHg pada semua kelompok. Pemeriksaan koagulasi menunjukkan fibrinogen menurun secara bermakna pada renjatan septik, PT dan APTT memanjang pada sepsis berat dan renjatan septik lebih dari 18.8 dan 48 detik. D-dimer juga pada umumnya meningkat pada semua kelompok. Disimpulkan bahwa pemeriksaan klinis termasuk tingkat kesadaran, denyut jantung, tekanan arteri rata-rata, suhu dan frekuensi nafas, serta tambahan pemeriksaan laboratorium termasuk hematologi, biokimia, analisis gas darah dan koagulasi dapat digunakan sebagai parameter dalam mendiagnosis sepsis. Beberapa parameter yaitu tingkat kesadaran, kreatinin serum, hemoglobin, hitung trombosit dan fibrinogen dapat membedakan darajat sepsis. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 26-32)

---

Sepsis is a spectrum of clinical conditions caused by the host immune response to infection or other inflammatory stimuli characterized by systemic inflammation. Clinical response to sepsis could be varies according to compensate or decompensate state, inflammatory process and host condition. Aims of this study is to assess the role of some parameters (clinical and biochemical, hematology, arterial blood gas analysis and coagulation) in supporting the diagnosis of sepsis. A cross-sectional study was performed in the Internal Medicine Inpatient Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, from February to July 2002. Forty-two patients who fulfilled the criteria of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock were enrolled in this study. Clinical details and blood specimens for hematological, biochemical, arterial blood gas analysis and coagulation were collected. There were 42 subjects who participated in the study, aged from 19 to 78 years old. Eleven subjects fulfilled the criteria for early sepsis, 20 severe sepsis and 11 septic shock. Clinical examination showed that the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was significantly reduced in severe sepsis and septic shock. Heart rate, respiration rate and body temperature were increased in all groups. Hemoglobin levels mostly below 10 g/dl and hematocrite levels below 30 %. The leucocyte counts were increased in more than 80%, mostly above 15.000/mm3. The platelet count were low (below 50.000/mm3) especially in septic shock. The serum creatinine were significantly increased (>2 mg/dl) in severe sepsis and septic shock. Albumin was decreased, lactate dehydrogenase/LDH and procalcitonin were increased. The arterial blood gas analysis showed that: pH and HCO3 were decreased especially in septic shock; the PO2 was lower in severe sepsis and septic shock; and PCO2 was below 32 mmHg in all groups. Coagulation examinations showed that fibrinogen was significantly decreased in septic shock; PT and APTT were prolong in severe sepsis and septic shock more than 18.8 and 48 seconds respectively. The d-dimer was also increased mostly in all groups. In conclusions that clinical examinations include level of consciousness, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, temperature and respiration rate and additional laboratory examinations include hamatological, biochemical, blood gas analysis and coagulation examinations can be used as parameters in diagnosis of sepsis. Some parameters include level of consciousness (Glasgow coma scale), serum creatinine, hemoglobin, platelet count and fibrinogen can differ sepsis according to severity. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 26-32)"

"Tetanus merupakan infeksi oleh C.tetani yang menjadi masalah kesehatan penting di negara-negara berkembang. Perjalanan penyakitnya biasanya lama, memerlukan waktu berminggu-minggu atau berbulan-bulan untuk perawatan hingga sembuh. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menentukan berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap prognosis tetanus. Faktor tersebut adalah derajat spasme, usia, sedasi dan takikardia yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap mortalitas pasien tetanus. Bila pasien tetanus dapat melewati fase akut penyakitnya, masalah lain timbul seperti disfungsi otonom dan pneumonia nosokomial (sering disebabkan oleh organisme multiresisten) sebagai penyebab tersering kematian. Laporan kasus berikut menampilkan 6 kasus tetanus, tiga di antaranya mengalami pneumonia nosokomial, dan dua di antara tiga pasien tersebut geriatri berusia 70 dan 72 tahun meninggal saat di rumah sakit. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 117-21)

---

Tetanus, an infection by C.tetani continues to be a major health problem in the developing world. The course of the disease is typically prolonged, requiring weeks to months of supportive management to resolve. Several studies have been conducted to determine which factor/s really influenced the outcome of tetanus. Factors such as severity of spasms, age, sedation and tachycardia were found to significantly influence mortality. Patients now surviving the initial acute phase of their illness, but new problems have emerged autonomic dysfunction and hospital acquired pneumonia (often with multiresistant organisms) are now the commonest causes of death. This serial cases report presents six selected cases of tetanus, three patients acquired secondary pneumonia during treatment, among the three, two patients are elderly age 70 and 72 years old. Both of the presented patients died during treatment in the hospital. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 117-21)"

"Infeksi HIV menyebabkan menurunnya jumlah sel T helper(Th) yang memudahkan terjadinya infeksi oportunistik. Salah satu infeksi oportunistik tersering adalah infeksi kandida di orofaring dan esofagus. Untuk mendeteksi peningkatan koloni Kandida tidak mudah, jumlah CD4 dapat digunakan sebagai rujukan. Pada kenyataannya hanya sedikit sentra laboratorium yang menyediakan fasilitas pemeriksaan CD4. Dilakukan penelitian cross-sectional untuk menentukan hubungani antara jumlah limfosit total dengan intensitas koloni kandida di orofaring pasien-pasien HIV/AIDS. Penelitian dilakukan di poliklinik dan bangsal rawat inap RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Agustus 2004 sampai Januari 2005. Subyek penelitian diwawancarai, menjalani pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan darah dan kultur sampel kumur pasien. Sejumlah 60 subyek terdiri dari 52 pria(86.7%) dan 8 wanita(13.3%). Rata-rata hitung limfosit total adalah 1194.53 sel/µL. Kandidosis orofaring terdapat pada 44 pasien(73.3%).Terdapat kecenderungan jumlah koloni Kandida yang tinggi pada jumlah limfosit total pasien yang rendah, walaupun tidak terdapat korelasi signifikan di antara keduanya. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara jumlah limfosit total pada klas koloni Kandida yang positif dan negatif. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 147-51)

---

HIV infection causes qualitative and quantitative reduction of the T helper (Th) subset of T lymphocytes, facilitating opportunistic infection. One of the common opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS patients is Candida infection in the oropharynx and esophagus. Detection of increased Candida colonialization is not always easy, CD4 count is a parameter that could be used as reference. The fact is there?s only few laboratory can provide CD4 count. This study is a cross-sectional correlative study to determine the relation between total lymphocyte count as a much more applicable laboratory parameter and the intensity of Candida colonization in the oropharyngeal cavity of patients with HIV infection/AIDS. It was performed in the outpatient ward and inpatient ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, from August 2004 to January 2005. The selected study subjects underwent interview, physical examination and had their blood samples and gargle samples taken. 60 study subjects were recruited, consisting of 52 males (86.7%) and 8 females (13.3%). The mean total lymphocyte count was 1194.53 cells/μL. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was found in 44 subjects (73.3%). There is a trend of higher Candida colonies number with lower total lymphocyte count despite no significant correlation between total lymphocyte count and the number of Candida colonies in the oral cavity of patients with HIV infection/AIDS. There is significant different between total lymphocyte count in positive and negative Candida colonies. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 147-51)"