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"Dinamika sosial budaya yang terjadi di Papua membuat banyak pihak larut dalam dilema dan perjuangan yang berkelanjutan tanpa penyelesaian yang jernih sejak masa integrasi dengan Indonesia hingga kini. Film Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja menampilkan paradoks akan makna perjuangan. Di satu sisi berjuang adalah dengan mengangkat senjata, di sisi lain dimaknai sebagai usaha untuk kehidupan yang lebih baik tanpa kekerasan. Film ini menghadirkan ambiguitas dan ketidakajegan dalam posisi ideologi yang direpresentasikan melalui karakter-karakter dalam film. Melalui film Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja, penulis mengelompokkan setidaknya terdapat tiga identitas yang direpresentasikan, yaitu: (a.) identitas negara atau pemerintah pusat Republik Indonesia yang ditunjukkan melalui tokoh Perempuan, serta kehadiran dan fungsi aparat militer, (b) identitas Organisasi Papua Merdeka yang diperlihatkan aktifitas mereka dalam Kongres Papua II, bendera Bintang Kejora, pengidolaan tokoh Theys Eluay, dan sebagian rakyat Papua yang mendukung atau bersimpati terhadapnya, serta (c) sebagian penduduk Papua yang berada di antara, direpresentasikan melalui tokoh Arnold dan Ibu. Untuk melihat apakah ada indikasi keberpihakan atas persoalan identitas nasional Papua dan Indonesia, maka penulis menggunakan cultural studies dengan pendekatan analisis tekstual dan teori representasi. Penulis menitikberatkan pada kode-kode visual sinematik berupa mise-en-scene, karakter, gestur, dialog, dan jalinan antar shot dalam film Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja untuk mengetahui politik identitas yang direpresentasikan dalam film tersebut.

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The socio-cultural dynamics occurring in Papua have left many parties immersed in ongoing dilemmas and struggles without clear resolution since the period of integration with Indonesia until now. The film Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja (I Want to Kiss You Only Once, 2002) displays the paradox of the meaning of struggle. On the one hand, fighting is by taking up arms, on the other hand interpreted as an effort to a better life without violence. This film presents ambiguity in the ideological position represented through the characters in the film. Through the film Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja, the writer groups at least three identities that are represented: (a) the identity of the state or central government of the Republic of Indonesia shown through women character, as well as the presence and function of the military apparatus, (b) the identity of the Free Papua Organization which were shown their activities in the Second Papuan Congress, the Morning Star flag, the idolizing of Theys Eluay, and some Papuans who supported or sympathized with him, and (c) some Papuans who were in between, represented through the figures of Arnold and Mother. To see if there are indications of alignments on the issue of Papuan and Indonesian national identity, the authors use cultural studies with textual analysis and representation theory approaches. The author focuses on cinematic visual codes in the form of mise-en-scenes, characters, gestures, dialogues, and interwoven shots in the film Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja to find out the identity politics represented in the film."

"Serial Lupus karya Hilman Hariwijaya sebagai hasil karya sastra popular dipilih untuk diteliti dengan tujuan menganalisis:1) karakter tokoh remaja dalam serial Lupus,2) cara Hilman Hariwijaya menyajikan serial Lupus sehingga secara tidak langsung dapat menjadi dokumen sosial remaja perkotaan, dan3) fungsi sosial serial Lupus bagi pembacanya, khususnya remaja perkotaan.Objek penelitian ini yaitu tiga serial Lupus yang tergabung dalam Trilogi Lupus, yaitu Boys Don't Cry, Bunga Untuk Poppi, dan Candle Light Dinner. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Serial Lupus dianalisis dengan pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra, sebuah pendekatan yang memusatkan hubungan antara karya, pengarang, dan masyarakat.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa karakter tokoh remaja dalam serial Lupus mempunyai kemiripan dengan tokoh remaja perkotaan hasil survei Surindo, di antaranya terdapat tipe remaja "funky", "cool", "asal", dan "plin plan'. Tipe "funky" dan "cool" yang diwakili oleh tokoh Lupus dan Poppi adalah remaja yang selalu menghindari hal-hal negatif. Mereka sadar akan kelemahan dirinya, suka bergaul, dan memiliki kepedulian tinggi pada kondisi lingkungan sosial di sekitarnya. Kelompok ini memiliki rencana masa depan yang jelas dan realistis dalam menghadapi persoalan. Menurut penulis penggambaran kedua tokoh tersebut terlalu dibuat-buat sehingga terkesan kurang wajar, tidak sepeti karakter remaja pada umumnya. Lain halnya dengan tokoh seperti Rainbow, Fifi Alone, Adi Darwis, Boim, dan Gusur, mereka justru lebih digambarkan seperti karakter sebagian remaja perkotaan. Mereka mewakili segmentasi remaja "asal", yaitu remaja yang jauh dari orang tua, suka merokok, meminum minuman beralkohol, cenderung memilih sesuatu yang asing, dan kurang peduli terhadap lingkungan. Tokoh Boim dan Gusur juga mewakili segmentasi remaja "plin plan" yaitu remaja yang jauh dari bimbingan orang tua sehingga memiliki kebebasan, tetapi mereka mengandalkan segala sesuatunya dari orang tua. Mereka cenderung kurang peduli terhadap lingkungan sosial, dan mementingkan proses daripada hasil.Selain mencerminkan karakter remaja di perkotaan, serial Lupus juga mencenninkan gaya hidup remaja perkotaan. Pengarang dengan jeli mengangkat trend yang sedang digemari remaja, khususnya tahun 1999 dan 2000, seperti trend remaja funky, trend waning tenda sebagai tempat bergaul remaja, trend musik mancanegara, trend internet, dan trend bacaan komik Jepang dan Eropa. Jika dihubungkan dengan hasil survei Surindo gaya hidup remaja dalam serial Lupus juga memiliki kemiripan yang membuktikan bahwa remaja di kota besar sangat peduli terhadap penampilan dan cenderung mengikuti trend. Selain itu ditemukan juga bahwa tentang penggunaan uang saku remaja yang banyak dipakai untuk bermain dan belanja di pusat perbelanjaan sekaligus memanfaatkan waktu luang mereka. Melalui gambaran tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa remaja tahun 1999 dan 2000 dapat diidentikkan dengan conspicuous consumption atau remaja yang konsumtif. Melalui penggambaran karakter remaja dan gaya hidupnya serial Lupus diharapkan dapat memiliki fungsi sosial sastra sebagai alat penghibur dan pendidik pembacanya, terutama remaja. Dengan humor dan parodi yang segar, serial Lupus mampu menghibur dan setidaknya bisa menyisakan memori di hati pembaca. Dengan pesan-pesan moral yang komunikatif dan dengan adanya penggambaran tokoh hitam dan putih, serial Lupus dapat juga mendidik pembacanya."

"Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian filologis, yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan edisi teks terhadap naskah Hikayat Nabi Mi 'raj (HNM). HNM adalah suatu hikayat tentang peristiwa isra dan mi?raj Nabi Muhammad yang ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu dengan menggunakan aksara Jawi (Arab-Melayu). Tujuan edisi teks ini adalah untuk menyajikan teks yang bersih dari berbagai kesalahan, agar dapat dibaca dan dimanfaatkan oleh kalangan yang lebih luas.Naskah yang dipergunakan sebagai obyek penelitian berjumlah 10 buah; 9 naskah terdapat di Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (PNRI), dan satu naskah terdapat di Perpustakaan Universitas Leiden, yang mikrofilmnya tersimpan di PNRI. Naskah yang dipilih sebagai dasar edisi teks adalah naskah yang mengandung teks yang tua dan yang lengkap dari segi isi cerita.Kesepuluh naskah HNM tersebut dicari melalui katalogus-katalogus naskah Melayu yang memuat naskah-naskah HNM, baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Setelah ditentukan naskah-naskah yang akan diteliti, naskah-naskah tersebut kemudian dideskripsikan dan diperbandingkan satu sama lain, baik dari segi eksternal maupun internal naskah, seperti keadaan naskah, usia naskah, nama penyalin dan tempat penyalinan, bahasa naskah, keutuhan naskah dan lain sebagainya, sehingga kemudian dapat ditentukan naskah yang mengandung teks yang tua dan yang lengkap isi ceritanya. Naskah itulah yang kemudian akan digunakan sebagai dasar untuk membuat edisi teks. Naskah yang dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk edisi teks selanjutnya akan dikoreksi atau diadakan pembetulan apabila terdapat teks atau bagian yang salah. Selanjutnya dilakukan edisi teks.

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This philological research aims at producing text edition to Hikayat Nabi Mi'raj (HNM). HNM is a story about Isra and Mi'raj the Prophet Mohammed which is written in Malay with Jawi characters (Malay-Arabic). The objective of text edition is to present free from errors of texts. So that the text will be able to be read and be used by broader parties.The manuscripts used as object of research consists of 10 manuscripts; 9 manuscripts are available in Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (PNRI), and the only rest one manuscript can be seen in University Leiden Library which the microfilm is stored in PNRI. The selected manuscripts as basis of text edition are the ones that are old texts and complete from story contain.The tenth HNM manuscript searched by Malay script catalogues containing HNM manuscripts from local and abroad. After the manuscripts of research object have been determined, the manuscripts will be described and compared each other externally and internally. For instance, manuscripts condition, how old the manuscripts, name of copyist, place of copying, the language of manuscripts, scripts integrity and so on. As a result, the text containing old text and complete story contain can be identified. Then that manuscript will be used as basis in making text edition. The above-mentioned manuscript will be corrected if the text has error parts. After that the text edition can be conducted."

"Since antiquity, representation (henceforth: RPT) has been a fundamental concept in aesthetics and semiotics. It has also been a crucial concept in political theory, forming the basics of representational theories of sovereignty, legislative authority and relations of individuals to the state (Lenthriccia, 1990, 11-13).In contemporary theories of RPT, both definitions have intersected. Relationship between language & politics is crucial to much contemporary works on RPT. Recent criticism also focuses on the links between texts and power. All RPTs have, either explicitly or implicitly, a political content. (Childers, 1995: 260-261).RPT has also been an issue of importance for post colonialists and feminists. RPT is an area of contestation between the dominant and the dominated (Ascroft, 1995: 85-87). Hall (1990: 222-237) problematises the concept and relates it to (cultural) identity and speaking position. According to Hall. (cultural) identity is a process, always constituted within RPT, which in turn, produced from a particular speaking position-a particular time and place. van Toorn (1995:1-12) distinguishes two kinds of speaking-position, those are fixed unitary-speaking position and postmodern speaking-position.RPT is a relevant issue in a multicultural and a settlers' community like Australia. The fact that Australia has over a hundred ethnic groups as its population and that since 1973, multiculturalism has been launched to manage migrants' population, does not automatically increase the participation of non-Anglo-Celtic (women) immigrants in political, economic or even in social and cultural arenas. Non-Anglo-Celtic women (henceforth: NAC women) immigrants are still doubly-marginalized. They are invisible and hardly represented in the dominant Anglo-Celtic discourse. They are marginalized in the dominant women's anthologies or also in their own ethnic's (male's) anthologies. When represented, they are -represented stereotypically as the Other, problem, victim or as a threat. And yet, they had contributed quite significantly in the development of (public) services and in manufacturing industry. They also have their own share in promoting Australia as a multicultural society through their cuisine, costume, dancing and other cultural artifacts.However, since the 1970s, the situation has changed gradually with the increasing quantity and quality of multicultural women writers articulating their own (migrant) experiences. In this study, I use the term 'multicultural women-texts' for all kinds of cultural expressions produce} by the NAC women. those are writers or cultural producers coming from outside British, Irish and indigenous backgrounds. The term `multicultural texts' has more positive connotation than migrants' atau ethnic (minority) writings. The term 'ethnic' or 'migrant' is problematic as it has always been associated with socio-historical writings which has no cultural capital and thus, classified as popular or marginal writings. Sneja Gunew is highly critical and suggests that the term should be deconstructed. Therefore, this study uses the term 'multicultural women-texts'.This study on "the politics of representations in multicultural women's discourse in Australia" is therefore based on the following reasons: (i) study about RPT has not iniated in Indonesia and yet, it is an important topic which has gained currency in Australia, (ii) the study on gender and ethnicity is relevant for our national context as Indonesia is multi-ethnic and is still in the process of developing gender-awareness across sectors.The questions formulated in my study are: (i) how are the stereotipic-RPTs on NAG women immigrants constructed through the dominant texts, popular novel They're a Weird Mob (henceforth:TWM), images from Immigrants in Focus (henceforth: IMF) and from For Love or Money (henceforth:FLM), Pauline Hanson's Maiden Speech(henceforth: PI-I) and through the multicultural women-texts, confession Give Me Strength(henceforth: GMS) and film Silver-City (henceforth: SC), (ii) how both experimental and transgressive multicultural women-texts Oh Lucky Country (henceforth:OLC) and Red Roses (henceforth: RR) re-construct alternative RPT which in turn, interrogate the previous stereotypic RPT of NAC women immigrants, constructed through the above six texts.Therefore, the purposes of the study are (i) to identify and to formulate the stereotypic RPTs of NAC women immigrants through the dominant Anglo-Celtic texts, TWM, IMF, FLM, PH and through multicultural women-texts, GMS and SC, (ii) to elaborate how transgressive multicultural women-texts, OLC and RR deconstruct the stereotipic RPT of NAC women and thus, re-construct the alternative RPTof an independent, assertive and sexually-liberated persona in OLC and of a feminin and cosmopolitan persona in RR.The fact that multicultural women-texts is still considered as marginal and the fact that this study uses different kinds of cultural products-popular novel, parliamentary speech, images, confession, film and highly experimental novels, it inevitably makes Cultural Studies (henceforth: CS) as the most-appropriate approach. Because (I) CS does not distinguish high culture from low culture, (ii) CS has developed interests in marginal groups; women, ethnic-minorities, black and so forth (During:1994, 2-20), which fits in with the topic of the study, (iii) CS regards all texts or discourses as politically and ideologically, rather than aesthetically, positioned (Storey, 1996:2) and hence, it would be instrumental for exposing the hegemonic practices of the Anglo-Celtic, discourse and consequently, for empowering the multicultural women-texts.Assuming that there are stereotipic RPT on NAC women immigrants, this study is designed as the following:(i) to identify and formulate the stereotipic RPT of NAC women through the dominant texts-TWM, Pt-I, IF - from which they are excluded and not represented and through FLM, in which they are represented as the Other, problem and victim. In short, they are either, silenced or represented stereotipically as a collective, anonimous, unskilled, domestic and proved to be victimised, in the dominant texts. Multicultural women-texts, GMS and SC, give them voices to `speak up' in the first-person account about their own migrant-experience. ironically both texts (re) represent NAC women immigrants as the Other, problem, victim and threat of their own (ethnic) patriarchy.The NAC women are represented as being doublymarginalisedlopressed. They are opressed by their own patriarchy which position them as as dependent (mother, wife, daughter, fiancee) and caught up in the domestic-sphere (cooking, washing, sewing, chlild-rearing). They are also represented as controlled and conditioned by the institutions of womanhood (virginity, respectability, innocence), marriage and motherhood (reproduction, child-birth, child-rearing).At the workplace, they are marginalized and work as domestic, seamstress, factory-worker, dress-maker, hairdresser. They are proned to be victimized and sexually abused as occurred to the leading character in SC. However, the NAC women in GMS and SC is finally represented as gaining material-success and stepping up the social-ladder and therefore, they express their gratitude?s for having migrated to Australia. The NAC woman in SC is even represented as having adopted the Australian :".'ay. In short, both texts reinforce the dominant Anglo-Celtic discourse.(ii) to deconstruct the stereotypic RPT and to re-construct the alternative RPT of the NAC women immigrants in both experimental and transgressive multicultural women-texts, OLC dan RR. This study uses two perspectives from CS- gender and ethnicity- to address the problems of stereotypic RPT and to empower the multicultural women-texts.To deconstruct the stereotypic RPT and to re-construct the alternative RPT, this study uses the intersection between feminists' discourse on the body and sexual politics and the discourse on loving ethnicity, adapted from bell hooks' loving blackness (1992: 2-20) to polities the private issues- womanhood, virginity, marriage, motherhood including the `myth' about the passivity of female sexuality-in the public sphere in order to deconstruct the male-chauvinistic Anglo-Celtic discourse and to reconstruct the NAG women in OLC as an independent, assertive, radical, sexually-liberated persona. The NAC women are not domesticated but represented as leading a public life and rejecting the concept of womanhood, virginity, marriage and motherhood.To deconstruct the stereotipic RPT in the previous texts and to reconstruct an alternative RPT on NAC women in RR, this study uses the feminists' discourse on female desire (Coward, 1984). This study examines how RR deconstructs the RPTs of NAC women as the Other, problem, victim, threat or as the authentic ethnic other (TWM, PH, 1F, FLM, GMS, SC) and also as a radical and sexually-liberated persona (OLC) in order to reconstruct the NAG woman subject as a feminin and cosmopolitan persona.Using female desire, this study analyses that the NAC woman subject in RR uses consumer culture to sustain themselves- with cosmetics, perfume, fashion, food, exercises and other consumer-products of lifestyles-and to reconstruct a multiple identities- as a pilot, doctor, cabaret-singer, ballerina and so forth. The NAC woman moves in both private and public spheres and celebrates `womanhood', 'motherhood', cooking, fashion and other activities previously condemned by feminists. The NAC woman subject is also not caught up in conflict with the dominant Anglo-Celtics.Summarizing the findings, this study identifies a couple of points to be raised. First, RPT is an important concept which could be politised for controlling/marginalizing or for empowering the represented object. Second, NAC women experiences are diverse, not unified. Third. 'gender and ethnicity' are instrumental for dismantling both the Angle and non-Anglo-celtic patriarchy and hence, for promoting the diversity of women-experiences.This study on gender and ethnicity is relevant for our national context as Indonesia is a multi-ethnic society which is in the process of developing gender-awareness across the board. Double-marginalization faced by the NAC women in Australia is parallel with the othering of ethnic-minority women in Indonesia from Arab, Chinese, Indo-Dutch descents and others). The mass rape of Indonesian-Chinese women in May 1998 and the sexual violence suffered by Acehnese women are all double-oppression against these ethnic-minority women.Monitoring the current public debate on gender (perspective) in our national context, this study wants to share perceptions and conclusion. First, difference amongst women's constituencies is as important as difference between women and men. It is a primary challenge for Indonesian feminists to manage and to capitalize on the diversity of its constituencies so as not to repeat the hegemonic practices of Western feminism and patriarchy which had homogenized or eliminated the Other. Second, RPT of Indonesian women (and its constituencies) are important to be empowered. Intervention should be made to reconstruct a new alternative RPT of Indonesian women. However, it is crucial to have media with gender-awareness to promote the new empowering RPT of Indonesian women."

""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, possibly the greatest book in American Literature, has made many people uneasy. Every single aspect of the book has been subjected to approval and disapproval and it is likely that various controversies will persist. A good book is always more interesting to investigate than a poor one. This novel not only causes the controversy but it is also at the same time the victim of the controversy. As long as the novel is seen and used as adult reading,. it is unlikely that censorship will ever touch it. At the utmost people will condemn and critize the novel. But if the novel is seen as a children's book with the believe that books enjoyed and read by children can help to shape their values, attitudes, and understanding, then Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is likely to provoke censorship — the possibility of being removed from library shelves. Today, as in the past, adults select most of the books children read — teachers, libarrians, publishers, parents, reviewers, educators, school boards. It is always their judgement, not the children's, that decides whether or not a book is suitable for them. Their uncompromised and sometimes unfair indictment brings about the appraisal of the book which can lead to censorship, first, on moral grounds and later on racial grounds. By the standar of one hundred years ago, at the time the novel was published in 1885, the attacking of the novel was based on moral grounds that covered the ungram¬matical language used in the book; the picturing of Huck as unwashed, not going to school, not going to church, smoking, using bad language, dressing poorly ; the picturing of Pap Finn as rough, a drunkard ; the irreverence and the profanity shown in the novel; and the use of the word ""nigger"" (see Ch.3.3 and 5.5). Today the attack has shifted to racial grounds covering the portrayal of Jim and the other blacks in the novel as stereotypes who are superstitious and inferior; the dialectical speech ; the unpromising relationship between Jim and Huck ; the unconvincing attack against slavery; and the use of word ""nigger"" which is seen as insulting and demeaning to blacks""

"Bougainville, karya F.Springer, bercerita tentang keterhatasan manusia dalam memberi dan menerima kebenaran cinta dan ketulusan pertemanan. Cerita berbingkai yang dikisahkan oleh tokoh Aku-Bo, bertutur tentang kehidupan Tommie Vaulant, sahabat tokoh Aku dan pergumulan Opa de Leeuw menghadapi kolonialisme. Dua segi bentuk Bougainville mengingatkan kita pada Max Ilavelaar karya Multatuli, yang disebut oleh tokoh cerita sebagai karya pelopor dan pengarang ideal. Selain Max Havelaar dan Multatuli, masih ada sejumlah karya dari nama besar lain, baik dari kalangan sastra maupun bukan, yang disehut dalam cerita ini. Oleh sebab itu, tesis ini menelaah jalinan unsur fiksi dan nonfiksi dalam cerita. Bagaimana kedua unsur itu berhaur dan dalam kombinasinya dengan bentuk cerita berbingkai mengaburkan batas antara kenyataan dan rekaan. Dalam mengkaji jalinan fiksi dan nonfiksi itu dipakai semiotik sebagai landasan teori. Analisis sintaktis dipakai dalam menelaah unsur-unsur kenyataan, sedang dalam pemberian arti dipakai kajian semantis. Dan kajian semiotis di atas diperoleh kesimpulan hahwa kenyataan dan kebenaran adalah dua hai yang sekaligus nadir dalam cerita. Iladirnya unsur fiksi dan nonfiksi dalam sebuah cerita sexing mengecoh pembaca. pembaca yang terlena dan kurang cermat mempercayai sebuah cerita yang fiksi sebagai sebuah kenyataan yang sungguh terjadi. Sehuah cerita yang meski menyampaikan kebenaran tetaplah hanya suatu sebuah rekaan yang dibangun oleh pengarang Temuan yang didapat dari kajian dan analisis data mengenai hierark:i persepsi kesantunan bahasa Inggris, adalah sebagai berikut,ini. Pertama, ada perbedaan urutan kesantunan direktif antara mahasiswa dan penutur asli. Perbedaan yang mengganggu adalah perbedaan urutan yang bersangkutan dengan PI, IK, dan PB. Kedua, ada tanda atau isyarat bahwa perbedaan itu disebabk.an oleh interferensi bahasa ibu terhadap bahasa rnggris yang sedang dipelajarinya. Ketiga, perbedaan itu tampaknya juga disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman mereka terhadap kosakata ataupun gramatika bahasa Inggris. Contohnya adalah munculnya kata 'would' dalam PB, yang menurut mahasi.swa adalah tipe ujaran direktif yang paling santun. Keempat, ketaklangsungan ujaran direktif yang terlalu melengkung atau jauh akan ditafsirkan sebagai ejekan atau tamparan terhadap muka PEN. Tampaknya hal ini tersirat dari posisi IK, yang menempati peringkat enam..."

"Objek dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana makanan dapat menampilkan kompleksitas pembentukan identitas perempuan dalam novel Fasting Feasting. Melalui analisis wacana diperoleh hasil pembentukan identitas yang direpresentasikan dalam hubungan tokoh-tokoh perempuan dengan makanan. Dari pilihan-pilihan kata yang menunjukkan kedekatan tokoh perempuan dengan makanan menghasilkan identitas yang mengukuhkan stereotip perempuan yang dibentuk oleh masyarakat patriarki. Namun, pembentukan identitas tersebut juga dilakukan oleh tokoh-tokoh perempuan. Dua tokoh ibu dalam novel tersebut melanggengkan identitas perempuan yang stereotipik pada anak-anak mereka dengan cara bercerita dan membiasakan mereka melakukan ritual-ritual tertentu yang berhubungan dengan makanan. Dari sini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pembentukan identitas yang stereotipik tidak semata-mata dilakukan oleh masyarakat patriarki. Perempuan, yang menjadi objek dalam pembentukan identitas, turut aktif dalam membentuk identitas perempuan selanjutnya. Anita Desai sebagai penulis, menggunakan novel tersebut untuk menampilkan ideologinya yang mempertanyakan kembali posisi perempuan dalam pembentukan identitas. Melalui hubungan makanan dengan perempuan, Desai menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mampu bermain dengan posisi mereka dalam pembentukan identitas perempuan yang stereotipik.

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The main objective of this research is how food can reflect the complexity of the forming of women identity in the novel Fasting Feasting by Anita Desai. The forming of women identity represented in the relationship of female characters with food is gained through discourse analysis. From the choice of words which shows the closeness relation of female characters with food, it exposes identities that support the stereotyped women identities which are formed by the patriarchal society. However, this forming is also done by the female characters. Two mother characters perpetuate the stereotyped of women identities to their children by telling stories and making them accustomed to rituals related with food in the family.

It can be concluded that the forming of stereotyped identities is not only done by the patriarchal society, but also by the women. Women, who are objected in the forming of their identities, are also active in creating the same identities to the next female generation. Anita Desai as the author uses the novel to reveal her ideology which questioning women position in the creation of their identities. Through the women relation with food, Desai demonstrates that women are capable of playing with their position in the forming of the stereotyped women identities."

"Karya Akhir ini adalah mengenai pengajaran puisi untuk siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri (MTsN) Janten. Rancangan dibuat berdasarkan kendala yang terjadi dalam pengajaran puisi. Rancangan pengajaran puisi yang disusun adalah rancangan yang efektif, operasional, dan implementatif berisi silabus, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), dan contoh langkah-langkah pengajaran di dalam kelas. Teks puisi dipilih dan dianalisis sebagai bahan pengajaran di kelas. Silabus yang dibuat merupakan penyempurnaan dari silabus yang ditawarkan oleh Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP). RPP dijabarkan dengan langkah pengajaran di kelas dengan strategi pengajaran yang mengoptimalkan potensi siswa dan kerja sama.

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This thesis is about the poetry lesson plan for the students of Janten State Junior High School (MTsN). It is designed for dealing with the problems aroused during poetry teaching process at school. The design is an effective and operational lesson plan to be implemented. It contains syllabus, operational lesson plan, and samples of teaching procedures in class. The selected poems are analyzed and will be used as teaching materials in class. The syllabus made is an improvement of the BSNP/Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (Board of National Education Standard) syllabus. The operational lesson plan is elaborated into class teaching procedures which optimize students' potentials and support strategy."

"Karya akhir ini membahas pengajaran cerpen dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif bagi siswa MTs. Penelitian kepustakaan dipakai sebagai upaya untuk menentukan langkah-langkah pengajaran cerpen yng disusun dalam silabus dan RPP. Sumber data yang dipilih adalah cerpen `Sahabat dan Kembang' karya Soekanto S.A., Cerpen `Bunga Pengantin Bagian Keempat' karya Arswendo A., dan cerpen `Aktor Ulung Kena Batunya' karya Bambang J.K. Ketiga cerpen tersebut dianalisis strukturnya untuk dijadikan bahan pengajaran cerpen.Dari hasil deskripsi langkah-langkah pengajaran cerpen dengan sumber data tersebut terungkap bahwa pengajaran cerpen dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan sosial siswa. KBM juga dapat berlangsung menarik dan tidak monoton. Siswa pun dapat mengapresiasi karya sastra dan menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

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The focus of this study is on teaching short story by using cooperative learning model for Junior High School. Bibliography research methodology is used as an effort to determine some steps in teaching short story with sylabus and lesson plan. The chossen data sources are 'Sahabat dan Kembang' by Soekanto S.A., 'Bunga Pengantin Bagian Keempat' by Arswendo A., and 'Aktor Ulung Kena Batunya' by Bambang J.K. The three of the short stories mentioned above will be analyzed structurally for the teaching material.The result of steps in planning, implementing, and evaluating on teaching short story can improve the knowledge, attitude, and social studies. The teaching and learning process can become interesting and not boring. So, the students can apreciate the literary works and implement it in daily life direcly."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas pandangan dunia orang Sunda yang terdapat tiga novelIndonesia tentang Perang Bubat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatifdan pendekatan struktural. Melalui analisis terhadap alur dan pengaluran,penokohan, latar, serta sudut pandang, penulis menggali pandangan dunia orangSunda yang hadir dalam ketiga novel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalamketiga novel ini, para tokohnya memperlihatkan pola tindak, pola tutur, maupunpola pikir yang mengarah kepada pandangan dunianya tentang kepemimpinan danharga diri, perempuan, dan arti cinta, pasrah, dan kebahagiaan. Hal tersebutditunjukkan para tokoh setelah melalui berbagai peristiwa yang kemudianmengubah jalan hidup mereka karena terjadi konflik dalam Perang Bubat

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Abstract This thesis discusses the world view Sundanese that there are three Indonesiannovel about the Bubat War. This study uses qualitative methods and structuralapproaches. Through the analysis of plot, characterizations, setting, and point ofview, the authors explore the world view Sundanese people who attended thethree novels. The results showed that in this three novel, the characters show thepattern of action, speech patterns, as well as the mindset that led to his world viewon leadership and self-esteem, women, and the meaning of love, surrender, andhappiness. This is shown by the figures after the events that changed their livesbecause of a conflict in Bubat War"