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"Skripsi ini membahas tentang Visualisasi Realitas Pemilu Indonesia tahun 1971-2004 dalam Kartun Editorial Oom Pasikom Harian Kompas. Dalam perjalanan demokrasi di Indonesia, kartun editorial memiliki peran yang cukup penting sebagai media kontrol sosial-politik. Selama penyelenggaraan Pemilu diIndonesia, kartun editorial berfungsi untuk mengawal jalannya demokrasi. Kartun editorial pun menjadi semacam pemberi peringatan awal ketika ketidakberesan sedang terjadi.Berbagai bentuk pelanggaran pemilu direfleksikan kedalam gambar satire yang sarat humor. Kartun editorial biasanya menggunakan metafora untuk menyampaikan pesannya. Sebagai editorial visual, kartun tersebut tentunya mencerminkan kebijakan dan garis politik media yang memuatnya. Dalam penelitian ini dapat dilihat bagaimana dinamika perkembangan kartun editorial Oom Pasikom sejak masa Orde Baru hingga era Reformasi. Dapat terlihat dengan jelas bahwa pengungkapan visual kartun editorial sangat terkait erat dengan kebijakan politik rezim yang berkuasa. Sebagai penelitian sejarah, telaah ini berfokus pada verifikasi gambar terhadap teks dan konteks realitas peristiwa. Kemudian direkonstruksi secara kronologis kedalam sebuah cerita sejarah.This thesis discusses the Reality Visualization of Indonesia Elections 1971-2004 on Editorial Cartoons Oom Pasikom in Kompas Newspaper. In the course of democracy in Indonesia, editorial cartoons have an important role as a medium of social and political control. During the General Election in Indonesia, editorial cartoons serve to guard the way of democracy. Editorial cartoons had become a sort of early warning when the irregularities taking place.

Various forms of violations of the election were reflected into an image satire with full of humor. Editorial cartoons often use metaphors to convey his message. Being a visual editorial, cartoon certainly reflects the policy and political opinion of the media. In this description can be seen how the dynamics of the editorial cartoon Oom Pasikom since the New Order period to the Reformation era. Obviously, that the visual display of the editorial cartoons is closely related to the political policy of the regime. As historical research, this study focuses on the image verification to the text and to the context of the reality of events. Later, this has been chronologically reconstructed into historical story."

"Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Joseph Conrad's novels and short stories have consistently figured into - and helped to define - the dominant trends in literary criticism. This book is the first to provide a thorough yet accessible overview of Conrad scholarship and criticism spanning the entire history of Conrad studies, from the 1895 publication of his first book, Almayer's Folly, to the present. While tracing the general evolution of the commentary surrounding Conrad's work, John G. Peters's careful analysis also evaluates Conrad's impact on critical trends such as the belles lettres tradition, the New Criticism, psychoanalysis, structuralist and post-structuralist criticism, narratology, postcolonial studies, gender and women's studies, and ecocriticism. ;Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Joseph Conrad's novels and short stories have consistently figured into - and helped to define - the dominant trends in literary criticism. This book is the first to provide a thorough yet accessible overview of Conrad scholarship and criticism spanning the entire history of Conrad studies, from the 1895 publication of his first book, Almayer's Folly, to the present. While tracing the general evolution of the commentary surrounding Conrad's work, John G. Peters's careful analysis also evaluates Conrad's impact on critical trends such as the belles lettres tradition, the New Criticism, psychoanalysis, structuralist and post-structuralist criticism, narratology, postcolonial studies, gender and women's studies, and ecocriticism. "

"Sunah Rasulullah saw. merupakan sumber ajaran Islam kedua. Pemeliharaan sunah diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada umat, yaitu dengan mengabadikan ucapan, perbuatan dan tagrir beliau, atau disebut hadis. Upaya ini dilakukan turun-temurun dalam bentuk periwayatan hingga pengkodifikasiannya pada abad kedua hijriyah. Namun, ada saja ketidak-akuratan dalam periwayatan. Karenanya, para ulama berupaya menyeleksinya. Muncullah pembagian hadis menjadi tiga; sahib, hasan dan daif. Hadis sahih dan hasan memiliki keakuratan tinggi sebagai bentuk pengejawantahan sunah Rasulullah saw., hal ini tidak berlaku bagi hadis daif. Namun, ternyata dijumpai ulama yang menggunakan hadis daif sebagai hujah dan pengejawantahan sunah beliau.Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa pada selain bidang akidah, hadis daif juga digunakan sebagai hujah. Dalam bidang hukum, hadis daif dijadikan hujah dengan syarat: diterima dan diamalkan; dikenal imam-imam hadis tanpa ada yang mengingkarinya; dan sesuai dengan salah satu ayat Alquran atau dasar syariat. Selain hadis daif, amalan penduduk Madinah yang bersifat naqli dijadikan sebagai hujah. Dalam bidang akhlak/fadlail al-a'mal, hadis daif bisa digunakan dengan syarat: tidak terlalu lemah; tema hadis tergolong tema yang ditetapkan dalil yang diamalkan; dan pada saat mengamalkannya, tidak berkeyakinan bahwa ia berasal dari Nabi Saw., tetapi sebagai sikap berhati-hati.The Authority of Hadis Sahih in Exclamation of Passages of Sunah Rasulullah Saw. Sunah Rasulullah saw. is second resource of Islam teaching. The conservancy of Sunah is delivered fully to people, that is by immortalizing utterance, deed and his tagrir, or referred by hadis. This effort was done in the way of narrative till finally emerge the effort to codification of hadis in the second century of hijriyah. But, in the effort continuation the hadis there are invalid narratives. So that, the muslims scholar have effort to select it. Hence, emerging the divede of hadis become three; sahih, hasan and daif. Sahih hadis and hasan hadis have high accuracy as sunah Rasulullah saw. personification form, this not applicable matter to daif hadis. But, practically met many moslem scholar using daif hadis as hujah and making it as his sunah personification.

This research yield conclusion that daif hadis also used as hujah, besides akidah area. In the field of law, daif hadis used as hujah on condition that: accepted and practiced; recognized by among hadis imam without there isn't disobeying it; and as according to one of the Alquran sentence or syariat bases. Despitefully, there are also using Madinah resident deed having the character of as hujah. In the field of behavior/ fad/rill al-a'mal, daif hadis can be used on condition that: do not too weak; the hadis theme still classified into theme which have been specified by theorem which have been practiced; and at the time of practicing it, do not convince of that he come from Prophet saw., however believing that it is as attitude take a care."

"Penelitian ini berlatar belakang asumsi bahwa novel mengandungi berbagai tindak tutur disektif (TTD) yang strategi pengujarannya dapat mengusik muka mitra tutur dan bahwa penerjemahan TTD dapat disertai dengan berbagai bentuk penggeseran kebahasaan yang pada gilirannya mungkin menimbulkan perbedaan derajat kesantunan TTD itu-Berdasarkan asumsi tersebut, penelitian ini mengedepankan masalah penggeseran kebahasaan di dalam pengindonesiaan TTD, pengubahan derajat kesantunan TTD sebagai akibat penerjemahan, dan kaitan penggeseran itu dengan derajat kesantunannya. Tujuannya adalah memperoleh gambaran mengenai (1) hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan penggeseran tadi, (2) dampak penggeseran itu terhadap derajat kesantunannya, dan (3) kaitan penggeseran itu dengan kesantunan tersebut.Novel yang beriudul A Farewell to Arms karya E. Hemingway (1929) beserta teriemahannya Pertempuran Penghabisan oleh T.S. Bachtiar (1976) dijadikan sumber data. Hasil kajian terhadap sumber data ini digunakan sebagai dasar penyusunan angket yang dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang perbedaan derajat kesantunan TTD tadi antara BSu dan BSa. Responden ditarik secara acak dari populasi yang terdiri atas penutur BSu dan penutur BSa. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan beberapa uji statistik yang semuanya terdapat di dalam SPSS for Windows Release 6. Variabel utama penelitian ini adalah (1) TTD di dalam BSu dan BSa, yang dikelompokkan menurut faktor bahasa dan jenis penutur, dan (2) perbedaan derajat kesantunan TTD antara kedua bahasa tersebut. Variabel lainnya adalah jantina, kelompok usia, dan tingkat pendidikan responder.Uji ANOVA sate-jalur yang digunakan untuk mengolab data di atas mengungkapkan adanya perbedaan derajat kesantunan antara TTD di dalam kedua bahasa. Walaupun secara statistik perbedaan ini signifikan, perbedaan harga-harga yang diperoleh dari uji tersebut sangat kecil sehingga uji komparasi ganda (uji Duncan) mengungkapkan bahwa di antara tiga puluh enam pasang kelompok data yang disusun menurut jenis penutur hanya sepuluh pasang yang menunjukkan perbedaan itu. lni menyiratkan bahwa penerjemah memilih strategi melakukan berbagai penggeseran dengan akibat pengubahan derajat kesantunan TTD yang diterjemahkannya.Penelitian ini menyisakan pextanyaan yang menyangkut kaitan antara fitur suprasegmental dan kesantunan, kewajaran TTD di dalam novel, dan hubungan kesantunan dengan jarak sosial serta perbedaan status antara penutur dan petutur sebagaimana tertuang di dalam novel. Selain itu, kajian replikatif dapat pula dilakukan untuk mengulangtegaskan hasil penelitian ini.

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This research is based on the assumptions that novels contain various types of directive speech acts (DSA's for short) which may threaten the hearer's face and that the translation of such DSA's may result in various types of shifts that, in turn, can lead to differences in their degrees of politeness. Based on the assumptions, this study puts forward questions on the shifts in translating English DSA's into Indonesian, the changes of their degrees of politeness as a result of the translation, and the relationship between such shifts and the degrees of politeness. This study aims at (1) revealing aspects related to the variety of shifts; (2) the impacts of such shifts on their degrees of politeness; and (3) the relationship between the shifts and the politeness.

A novel entitled A Farewell to Arms by E. Hemingway (1929) along with its translation, i.e. Pertempuran Penghabisan by T.S. Bachtiar (1976), is the source of data on the DSA's. The results of the study on it are used as the basis of compiling the questionnaire which has been designed to obtain pictures on differences in the degrees of politeness between the DSA's in the source language (Sr..) and their counterparts in the target language (TL). The respondents were randomly drawn from the population consisting of speakers of the SL as well as ones of the TL.

The data obtained from the sample are analyzed using a number of statistical tests contained in the SPSS for Windows Release 6. The major variables of this research are (I) the DSA's in the SL and their counterparts in the TL, which are categorized in accordance with the language and types of respondents, and (2) the differences in the degrees of politeness of the two languages. The other variables are the sexes, the age groups, and the levels of education of the respondents.

The one-way ANOVA employed to analyze the data reveals the differences in the degrees of politeness between the DSA's in the two languages. Despite the significance of the differences, the distinctions of values obtained from the analyses are so small that the multiple comparative (Duncan) tests reveal that among the thirty six pairs of data grouped on the basis of the types of respondents there are only ten pairs showing such distinctions. This implies that the translator has chosen the strategy of making shifts in the translation, resulting in changes in the degrees of politeness of the DSA's that he translates.

This study leaves behind questions on the connection between the suprasegmental features and politeness, the naturalness of DSA's within novels, and the relations between politeness and social distance as well as differences in social status among interlocutors in novels. Besides, replicative study could also be carried out in order to reconfirm the findings of this research."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sikap teks terhadap stigma komunisme yang kemudian digunakan untuk mengungkapkaa ideologi pengarang tersirat dalam novel Jalan Menikung dan I Married A Communist. Kemudian hasil penelitian tersebut dibandingkan. Guna mengungkapkan sikap teks dalam kedua novel tersebut, penelitian ini secara ekslusif menggunakan pendekatan New Criticism dengan melihat unsur-unsur intrinsik karya-karya sastra, yaita tokoh, nada, sudut pandang dan alur. Dalam Jalan Menikung, sikap teks terhadap masalah stigma komunisme mengungkapkan bahwa pengarang tersirat dalam mencari jalan keluar dipengaruhi oleh kebudayaan Jawa, kapitalisme, globalisme. Sedangkan dalam I Married A Communist, sikap teks mengungkapkan bahwa ideologi pengarang tersirat dipengaruhi oleh kapitalisme dan pandangan filsafat Timur.

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The objective of this research is to analyze how the stigma of communism is perceived in Jalan Menikung and I Married A Communist, revealing the ideologies of the implied authors in both texts. New Criticism is exclusively used to discuss character, tone, point of view and plot, which bear on the interpretation of the text. This thesis concludes that in exposing the problem arising from the stigma of communism, the implied author of Jalan Menikung influenced by Javanese culture, capitalism and globalize. Whereas in I Married A Communist, the ideology of implied author is capitalism."