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Abstrak :
Sejak tahun 1950-an, situasi permasalahan mengenai gender di Prancis mengalami transformasi yang sejalan dengan munculnya gerakan sinema Nouvelle Vague. Selain membawa pengaruh radikal terhadap industri sinema, Nouvelle Vaguejuga memproduksi film-film yang sarat akan isu-isu sosial, termasuk situasi perempuan yang dianggap sebagai objek, salah satunya dalam film Les Bonnes Femmes (1960) karya Claude Chabrol. Film ini mengisahkan pengalaman perempuan melalui perspektif empat tokoh perempuan yang intrik dengan perilaku dan persoalan hidup masing-masing dengan tujuan yang sama, yaitu memiliki sosok laki-laki dan mengharapkan cinta sejati. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan konstruksi perempuan dalam film tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui konsep kajian sinema oleh Joseph M. Boggs dan Dennis W. Petrie (2018) yang didukung dengan teori identitas oleh Kathryn Woodward (2005) dan gagasan feminisme eksistensial oleh Simone de Beauvoir (1949). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa film tersebut mengonstruksi eksistensi perempuan sebagai sosok yang membutuhkan pengakuan melalui cinta dan narsisme. ......Since the 1950s, the situation of gender issues in France has been transformed in line with the emergence of the Nouvelle Vague cinema movement. In addition to bringing radical influence to the cinema industry, Nouvelle Vague also produced films that are full of social issues, including the situation of women who are perceived as objects, one of which is in the film Les Bonnes Femmes (1960) by Claude Chabrol. This film tells the story of women's experiences through the perspectives of four female characters who are intrigued by their respective behavior and life problems with the same purpose of having a male figure and expecting true love. Based on this background, this research aims to show the construction of women in the film. This research uses a qualitative method through the concept of cinema studies by Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie (2018) supported by identity theory by Kathryn Woodward (2005) and the idea of existential feminism by Simone de Beauvoir (1949). The results of this study show that the film constructs the existence of women as a figure who needs recognition through love and narcissism.

Abstrak :
This essay explores gender issues in the contemporary application of Islamic law in the Muslim majority-states of northern Nigeria. Brief political background helps to explain the shari‘a codes enacted by the legislatures of the states, drawing largely from the classical formulations of Maliki school of Islamic law. Women were among the first to be prosecuted and sentenced to death by stoning for the offence of zinā. To provide effective legal defense for the accused women, their lawyers and activists for women human rights had to argue in Islamic law before they could convince Shari‘a Courts of Appeal to overturn the sentences of death by stoning and set the women free. In the process, women activists learned a lot about the classical formulations of Maliki school of Islamic law, where they discovered the rich flexibility of Islamic thought, and that has empowered them to articulate Islamic criticisms against gender bias in the recently enacted shari‘a codes.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Salah satu negara yang menganut budaya patriarki adalah Indonesia. Dalam budaya patriarki, perempuan sering dianggap bergantung pada laki-laki dan memiliki kelas lebih rendah dalam status sosial budaya. Adat dan nilai-nilai budaya mengharuskan perempuan berada di wilayah domestik. Budaya patriarki dalam masyarakat Jawa membuat perempuan mengalami ketidakadilan gender berupa subordinasi dan stereotipe. Novel Kartini karya Abidah El Khalieqy merupakan salah satu novel yang menyoroti perjuangan perempuan demi hak dan kesetaraan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan subordinasi dan stereotipe yang dialami oleh perempuan dan upaya perempuan untuk mendapatkan posisi yang setara dengan laki-laki.

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ABSTRACT One of the countries that adopted a patriarchal culture is Indonesia. In patriarchal culture, women are often being represented as the ones who always depend themselves on men and somehow, has a lower class in social and cultural status than men. The tradition and norms of Indonesian cultures requires women to take a role on domestic sector only. Patriarchal culture, specifically in Java, caused gender inequality towards women. Those type of gender inequality, often to be called gender bias, are subordination and stereotype. The novel called Kartini by Abidah El Khalieqy is one of the novel that focused on women rsquo s struggle and battles to achieve a more equal position, the same as men. This research is going to point out types of gender inequality gender bias that can be found in this novel such as subordination and stereotype that happened to women, also their efforts to achive an equal position, the same position as men.

Abstrak :

Penggunaan media film untuk merepresentasikan kota telah banyak digunakan seiring berjalannya waktu untuk memahami, membaca dan mempelajari kondisi kota dengan segala dinamika sosial yang silih berganti. Melalui media ini, menyampaikan sudut pandang seseorang dalam menjalani ruang kota menjadi penting karena merupakan refleksi dan komentar sosial terhadap isu-isu dan kondisi yang secara nyata terjadi pada sebuah kota. Isu perkotaan utama yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini merupakan isu gender terutama keterkaitannya dengan perempuan dalam kota, serta bagaimana ruang kota Jakarta sesungguhnya digunakan dan didefinisikan oleh masyarakatnya. Terdapat sebuah steriotip dan pembatasan penggunaan ruang kota yang dapat diidentifikasi melalui perspektif perempuan dalam menjalani dan mengalami ruang kota. Pengidentifikasian isu-isu tersebut dilakukan melalui representasi sinematik kota pada sebuah film. Skripsi ini secara dalam membahas 2 film berbeda yang keduanya bercerita mengenai perempuan & kota Jakarta, yakni; Eliana, Eliana (2002) dan Selamat Pagi, Malam (2014) untuk melihat dan membandingkan representasi kota Jakarta dalam film dengan realita, terutama yang berkaitan dengan isu gender dan penggunaan ruang kota.

 

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The use of film to represent a city has been widely used in urban studies to understand, read and study the condition of a city with all of its social dynamics that happened in urban society through out recent history. Through this media, conveying a point of view in living and experiencing urban space is important, as it is sometimes an actual reflection on issues and conditions that occur in the city. The main urban issues raised in this paper is gender issue, especially in relation with women in the city and how the urban space of Jakarta is occupied and defined. These issues are related to the stereotype and limitation on the use of urban space, and can be identified through the perspective of women living and experiencing urban space. Furthermore, cinematic representation of a city in film is used as a media to identify these issues. This thesis discusses 2 different films that both tells the story of women & the city of Jakarta, namely; Eliana, Eliana (2002) and Selamat Pagi, Malam (2014) to see and compare the representations of the city of Jakarta in films with reality, to see and compare representations of Jakarta city in films with reality, especially those relating to gender issues and the use of urban space.

 

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
This study aims to reveal the gender inequality between male and female in the novel entitled sold. It is the representation of Nepalese culture in social life. The data source is the novel of sold. The data in this study take the form of words, phrases, and sentences found in the sold, which contain ender inequality. Critical discourse analysis proposed by Van Dijk's theory is applied in this study. The results of this study shows that males tend to dominate over females. Male spor tray their irresponsibility to their own family. Moreover, women have limited decision powers. They are burdened by their husbands and they do not have the rights to choose due to cultural or religious factors