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Abstrak :
Tujuan: Membuat kriteria tipe HDL proaterogenik/antiaterogenik berdasarkan konsentrasi Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Neopterin dan HDL-cholesterol. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara kontrol-kasus pada 52 subjek dengan sindrom koroner akut (SKA) dan 30 subjek kontrol sehat. Tipe HDL proaterogenik dan antiaterogenik ditentukan berdasarkan konsentrasi ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin dan HDL-cholesterol. Konsentrasi ApoA-I diukur menggunakan metode imunoturbidimetri, PON-1 diukur dengan metode kolorimetri, Neopterin diukur dengan metode ELISA dan HDL-cholesterol diukur dengan metode homogenous. Analisis regresi logistik univariat dilakukan dengan SKA sebagai variabel tergantung dan konsentrasi ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin dan HDL-cholesterol sebagai variabel tidak tergantung. Tipe HDL proaterogenik dan antiaterogenik ditentukan dengan menggunakan nilai cut off dan odd ratio ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin dan HDL-cholesterol. Hasil: Umur subjek penelitian adalah 50,89 + 12,63 tahun, konsentrasi HDL-cholesterol : 39,82 + 9,84 mg/dL, Apo A-1 : 119,77 + 32,05 mg/dL, PON-1 : 41,26 + 18,19 kU/L, Neopterin : 16,22 + 38,10 nmol/L. Cut off ApoA-I, PON-1 dan Neopterin secara berturut-turut adalah 124,5 mg/dL, 40,8 kU/L, and 7,016 nmol/L. Hasil analisis regresi logistik univariat didapatkan OR untuk ApoA-I, PON-1 dan Neopterin secara berturut-turut 29,759 (95% CI : 4,074 ? 217,382), 1,647 (95% CI : 0,412 ? 6,586), 4,317 (95% CI : 1,098 ? 16,977). Dengan sistem scoring, kami menyimpulkan total score > 18 menunjukkan tipe HDL proaterogenik, dan total score < 18 merupakan tipe HDL antiaterogenik. Dengan sistem scoring ini kami menemukan 78,85% populasi SKA termasuk ke dalam tipe HDL proaterogenik. Kesimpulan: Disfungsi HDL atau tipe HDL proaterogenik/antiaterogenik dapat diperkirakan dengan menggunakan sistem scoring ApoA-I ? PON-1 ? Neopterin ? HDL-cholesterol. Subjek dengan total score < 18 dikelompokkan ke dalam tipe HDL antiaterogenik, sedangkan subjek dengan total score >18 memiliki tipe HDL proaterogenik.

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Abstract
Aim: To make proatherogenic/antiatherogenic HDL type criteria using Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol levels, which may be useful in clinical practice. Methods: This was a case control study recruiting 52 subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and 30 control healthy subjects. HDL type was classifi ed into antiatherogenic and proatherogenic based on the levels of ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol. Concentrations of ApoA-I was measured by immunoturbidimetry method, PON-1 was measured by colorimetric method, Neopterin was measured by ELISA, and HDL-C was determined by homogenous method. Univariate logistic regression analysis was done using ACS as a dependent variable and levels of ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol as independent variables. Proatherogenic/antiatherogenic HDL type was determined by using ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol cut off and odd ratios. Results: Patient?s age was 50.89 + 12.63 year, HDL-C was 39.82 + 9.84 mg/dL, Apo A-1 was 119.77 + 32.05 mg/ dL, PON-1 was 41.26 + 18.19 kU/L, Neopterin was 16.22 + 38.10 nmol/L. Cut offs of ApoA-I, PON-1 and Neopterin successively were 124.5 mg/dL, 40.8 kU/L, and 7.016 nmol/L. On univariate logistic regression analysis showed that OR of ApoA-I, PON-1 and Neopterin respectively were 29.759 (95% CI : 4.074 ? 217.382), 1.647 (95% CI : 0.412 ? 6.586), 4.317 (95% CI : 1.098 ? 16.977). Using scoring system, we concluded that total score > 18 was proatherogenic HDL type, and total score < 18 was antiatherogenic HDL type. With this scoring we found 78.85% had proatherogenic HDL type in ACS population. Conclusions: Dysfunctional HDL or proatherogenic/antiatherogenic HDL type can be predicted by using ApoA-I ? PON-1 ? Neopterin ? HDL-cholesterol scoring system. Those with score of 18 are supposed to have antiatherogenic HDL type, and those with score of > 18 were having proatherogenic HDL type.

Abstrak :
The effects of dietary food fortified with vitamin B4 on lipid profiles in serum and liver tissue were studied. Rats were paired-fed a 0.25% vitamin B4 diet or a diet without vitamin B4 for 10 days. Serum lipid levels were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A piece of liver was prepared to determine the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results showed that animals fed a food fortified with vitamin B4 had higher level of serum TG, PL, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein. Their increases were approximately by 74%, 20%, 27%, and 27%, respectively. The significant changes in liver lipid were only found in PL component. This treatment promoted FAS activity, but impaired the fatty acid β- oxidation. In conclusion: Dietary food fortified with vitamin B4 induces hypertriglyceridemia and liver PL level.

Abstrak :
Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit kronik. Penyakit diabetes mellitus ini diduga akan meningkat jumlahnya di masa datang. Berdasarkan penelitian, dikatakan bahwa diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dapat menyebabkan dislipidemia, yaitu hipertrigliseridemia, kadar HDL yang rendah serta peningkatan kadar sLDL. Meskipun mekanisme pastinya belum dipahami sepenuhnya, diduga bahwa resistensi insulin menyebabkan peningkatan asam lemak bebas dari adiposit sehingga terjadi peningkatan sintesis VLDL dan trigliserida yang akhirnya dapat menyebabkan dislipidemia. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk meneliti gambaran kadar HDL pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di poliklinik IPD RSCM tahun 2010. Data dari 108 orang yang diambil secara simple random sampling dan random diperoleh dari data sekunder di Poliklinik IPD RSCM. Hasilnya adalah nilai rerata kadar gula darah puasa adalah 186,5 (114-559) mg/dL, sedangkan rerata kadar gula darah 2PP adalah 291(178-582) mg/dL. Dengan uji Mann-Whitney, didapatkan berturut-turut nilai p=0,383 dan p=0,208. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar gula darah puasa dan kadar gula darah 2PP dengan kadar HDL.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease. This diabetes mellitus disease is expected to increase in the future. According to studies, diabetes mellitus type 2 can cause dyslipidemia, which include hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL level, and high sLDL level. Although the exact mechanism has not yet fully understood, it is suspected that insulin resistance can cause an increase in free fatty acid level from adipocytes which end up in increased synthesis of VLDL and triglyceride and eventually dyslipidemia develops. This study is designed to study HDL profile in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in RSCM Internal Medicine polyclinic in 2010. Results from 108 patients taken with simple random sampling were obtained from secondary data in RSCM Internal Medicine Polyclinic. The average value of fasting blood glucose was 186,5 (114-559) mg/dL, while the average value of 2PP blood glucose was 291 (178-582) mg/dL. With Mann Whitney test, p value of fasting blood glucose and HDL level was 0,383 and p value of 2PP blood glucose and HDL level was 0,208. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between fasting blood glucose and 2PP blood glucose with HDL level.

Abstrak :
Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian madu PS (Pollen Substitute) terhadap konsentrasi High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) dan Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dalam plasma darah tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Dua puluh empat ekor tikus dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, terdiri atas kelompok kontrol normal yang diberi pakan standar (KK1), kelompok kontrol perlakuan yang diberi diet tinggi lemak (KK2), dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi diet tinggi lemak serta larutan madu PS dengan dua konsentrasi larutan berturut-turut yaitu 10% dan 20% (KP1 dan KP2). Bahan uji diberikan setiap hari selama 14 hari berturut-turut. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-0 (T0) dan ke-14 (T14), kemudian dilakukan analisis konsentrasi HDL-LDL berdasarkan metode Cholesterol Oxidase-Phenol Amino Phenazone (CHOD-PAP). Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis (P > 0,05) untuk konsentrasi HDL menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan nyata antar rerata kelompok perlakuan. Sedangkan, hasil uji Anava (P< 0,05) untuk konsentrasi LDL menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efek pemberian madu PS terhadap penurunakonsentrasi LDL dan peningkatan konsentrasi HDL plasma. ......The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of PS Honey intake on plasma High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with hyperlipidemic diets. Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups, consisting of normal control group (KK1) fed with standard diets, treatment control group fed with high fat diets (KK2), and treatment group fed with high fat diets and PS honey solution in different concentration, 10% and 20% (KP1 and KP2) respectively. Treatment was given orally and administered daily for 14 consecutive days. HDL and LDL levels were measured at day 0 (T0) and day 14 (T14) using Cholesterol Oxidase- Phenol Amino Phenazone (CHOD-PAP) method. Kruskal-Wallis test results (P >0,05) showed no significant effect of treatment on HDL concentration. Anova test results (P < 0,05) showed a significant effect of treatment on LDL. The results demonstrated the potential beneficiary effect of dietary PS Honey in lowering LDL and increasing HDL plasma consentrations.

Abstrak :
Dislipidemia atau abnormalitas kadar lipid dalam darah yang merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular dapat diprediksi dengan melihat rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL pada guru Sekolah Dasar di Kecamatan Cilandak Jakarta Selatan tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 21,7% responden memiliki rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL berisiko (≥ 5). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan jenis kelamin, lingkar pinggang, frekuensi makan sayur, dan kebiasaan merokok berhubungan secara signifikan dengan rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin, lingkar pinggang, dan frekuensi makan sayur dapat menjelaskan 17,7% variasi variabel rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL. Jenis kelamin dan frekuensi makan sayur merupakan faktor predominan terhadap rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL. Peneliti menyarankan untuk dilakukan program Komunikasi Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE), sehingga dapat menambah wawasan untuk mencapai rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL yang optimal. ......Dyslipidemia or abnormality of lipid levels in the blood, which is the major cause of cardiovascular disease, can be predicted by the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C. This study is a cross-sectional quantitative approach and aims to explore the risk factors associated with the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C among primary school teachers in Cilandak District, South Jakarta in 2013. The results show 21.7% of respondents were high risk ratio (≥ 5). Bivariate analysis shows that sex, waist circumference, frequency of vegetable consumption, and smoking habits are significantly associated with the ratio. Multivariate analysis shows that sex, waist circumference, and frequency of vegetable consumption explain 17.7% of variation in the ratio. Sex and frequency of vegetable consumption are relatively more predominant factors to the ratio. Researcher suggests Communication Information and Education (CIE) program to be held as an insight to achieve an optimal total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio.

Abstrak :
Stroke ialah salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan neurologis utama di Indonesia. Stroke merupakan penyakit serebrovaskular yang setiap tahun meningkat jumlahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio Low Density Lipoprotein LDL terhadap High Density Lipoprotein HDL dengan kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari studi kohort PTM penyakit tidak menular tahun 2011. Sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah penduduk usia dewasa yang menjadi responden penelitian studi kohort faktor risiko PTM di kota Bogor tahun 2011 yang berjumlah 1506 dan dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik dengan signifikansi statistik di lihat berdasarkan interval kepercayaan 95. Prevalensi sampel pada penduduk usia dewasa di kota Bogor yang menderita stroke sebesar 1,26, responden dengan rasio LDL terhadap HDL yang tinggi sebesar 35,66. Responden dengan usia 46 tahun sebesar 34,26 dengan prevalensi jenis kelamin terbanyak pada perempuan sebesar 53,45 dan yang berpendidikan rendah sebesar 54,58, responden yang obesitas sebesar 27,42, responden dengan kadar kolesterol total tinggi sebesar 38,45 serta responden dengan kadar trigliserida tinggi sebesar 17,07. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rasio LDL terhadap HDL dengan kejadian stroke dengan adjusted prevalens odds rasio 3,909 95 CI 1,346-11,354. Rasio LDL terhadap HDL yang tinggi berisiko terhadap kejadian stroke pada penduduk usia dewasa.

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Stroke is one of the main causes of death and neurological disability in Indonesia. Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease which increases in number every year. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of Low Density Lipoprotein LDL to High Density Lipoprotein HDL with the incidence of stroke in the adult population. This study used data from the PTM (non-communicable disease) cohort study risk factor in 2011. The sample in this study was adult population 25-65 years who were respondents to the PTM cohort study in Bogor in 2011 which numbered 1506 and analyzed using regression tests logistics with statistical significance are seen based on 95 confidence intervals. Sample prevalence in adult population in the city of Bogor who suffered a stroke of 1.26, respondents with a high ratio of LDL to HDL were 35.66. Respondents with a age of sebesar46 years were 34.26 with the highest prevalence of sex in women amounting to 53.45 and those with low education were 54.58, respondents who were obese were 27.42, respondents with high total cholesterol levels were 38, 45 and respondents with high triglyceride levels of 17.07. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the ratio of LDL to HDL and the incidence of stroke with an adjusted prevalence odds ratio of 3.909 95 CI 1.346-11.354. The high ratio of LDL to HDL is at risk for the incidence of stroke in the adult population.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain cross sectional dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL dan rasio K-LDL/K-HDL. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan data penelitian Strategi Nasional yang dilakukan Sartika (2010) mengenai Faktor Resiko Dislipidemia pada Dewasa Urban (Kota Depok, Jawa Barat) dan Dewasa Rural (Kecamatan Rumbia, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah). Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua orang dewasa laki-laki maupun perempuan yang berusia 35-60 tahun yang menetap/tinggal di wilayah rural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 27,3% responden memiliki rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL yang tinggi dan 13,1% responden memiliki rasio K-LDL/K-HDL yang tinggi. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL dan rasio KLDL/K-HDL. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan bahwa tingkat stress, pengetahuan, sikap, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan sayuran hijau, gula darah puasa dan IMT secara signifikan dapat memprediksi rasio total kolesterol/K-HDL. Hasil analisis multivariat juga menunjukan bahwa asupan sayuran hijau, gula darah puasa, dan IMT secara signifikan dapat memprediksi rasio K-LDL/K-HDL. Peneliti menyarankan kepada petugas kesehatan setempat melakukan pengecekan profil lipid darah secara rutin dan membuat program KIE sehingga dapat menambah wawasan mengenai faktor resiko terjadinya dislipidemia.

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This study is a quantitative study using cross sectional design and aims to determine the factors related to ratio of total cholesterol / HDL ratio and KLDL/ K-HDL. The study relied on National Strategy data conducted by Sartika (2010) on Risk Factors for Dyslipidemia in Adults Urban (City of Depok, West Java) and Adult Rural (District thatch, Central Lampung regency). This study population is all adult men and women aged 35-60 years who lived / live in rural areas. The results showed 27.3% of respondents have a ratio of total cholesterol / HDL high-K and 13.1% of respondents have a high ratio K-LDL/K-HDL. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association between body mass index (BMI) with the ratio of total cholesterol / HDL ratio and K-K-LDL/K-HDL. The results of multivariate analysis showed that levels of stress, knowledge, attitudes, intake of protein, fat intake, intake of green vegetables, fasting blood sugar and BMI significantly predicted the ratio of total cholesterol / HDL-C. The results of multivariate analysis also showed that intake of green vegetables, fasting blood glucose, and BMI significantly predicted KLDL/K-HDL ratio. Researchers suggested that local health officers to check the blood lipid profile regularly and make IEC program that can add insight into the risk factors of dyslipidemia.