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"Recep Tayyip Erdogan merupakan Presiden Turki yang memiliki pengaruh dalam ranah politik internasional. Kebijakan luar negerinya kerap menimbulkan reaksi bagi negara maupun kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Penelitian ini akan membahas sikap politik Recep Tayyip Erdogan, khususnya kebijakan luar negerinya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas pengaruh kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan terhadap hubungan Indonesia-Turki dan organisasi masyarakat (ormas) berbasis Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode mixed method (kualitatif-kuantitatif) dalam menganalisis data-data primer dan sekunder. Data diperoleh dari sumber literatur, data digital dari media massa dan media sosial, dan wawancara. Selain itu, data juga diperoleh dengan teknik survei. Kuesioner akan disebar kepada responden yang merepresentasikan ormas Islam (NU, Muhammadiyah, dan Jamaah Tarbiyah). Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, akan diketahui (1) kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan, (2) pengaruh kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan terhadap hubungan diplomatik Indonesia-Turki, dan (3) pengaruh kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan terhadap ormas Islam di Indonesia.......Recep Tayyip Erdogan is the President of Turkey who has influence in the realm of international politics. His foreign policies often cause reactions to certain countries and groups. This study discuss Recep Tayyip Erdogan's political stance, particularly his foreign policy. In addition, this study also discuss the influence of Erdoan's foreign policy on Indonesia-Turkey relations and Islamic-based community organizations (ormas) in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) in analyzing primary and secondary data. Data is obtained from literature sources, digital data from mass media and social media, and interviews. In addition, data will also be obtained by survey techniques. Questionnaires will be distributed to respondents who represent Islamic organizations (NU, Muhammadiyah, and Jamaah Tarbiyah). Based on this analysis, it is known (1) Erdogan's foreign policy, (2) the influence of Erdogan's foreign policy on Indonesia-Turkey diplomatic relations, and (3) the influence of Erdogan's foreign policy on Islamic organizations in Indonesia."

"Pekerja Kurdi telah menjadi ancaman nasional bagi negara Turki, sehingga penulisan tesis ini membahas kebijakan militer Recep Tayyip Erdoğan dalam mengatasi kelompok pemberontak. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teorikebijakan yang dikemukakan oleh William Dunn, ditambah konsep keamanan dan ancaman nasional sebagai pelengkap teori. Dengan pendekatan deskriptif melalui pengambilan data dari beberapa kajian pustaka seperti penelitian terdahulu, jurnal, artikel, buku, dan informasi dari media elektronik, ditemukan hasil penelitian bahwa peningkatan intensitas dari implementasi kebijakan militer Erdoğan terjadisetelah gagalnya resolusi perdamaian yang mengacu pada undang-undang dan keputusan presiden tentang pelaksanaan kebijakan keamanan nasional negara. Dengan sikap represi Erdoğan melalui instrumen militernya di Suriah dan Irak, telah berdampak terhadap terganggunya stabilitas keamanan negara tetangga dan menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi rakyat Kurdi.......The issue of Kurdish ethnicity was represented by the existence of Kurdistan Workers Party separatist movement that now has become Turkish nations threat. Based on that, this thesis was made to examine Recep Tayyip Erdoğans military policy on overcoming it. This qualitative research was using policy theory byWilliam Dunn, followed by security and national threat concept as the complementary. Using descriptive approach through data collection from several literature studies, such as earlier research, journal, article, books, and media electronic, generate a conclusion that the increased intensity of the implementation of Erdoğans military policy occurred after the failure of peace resolution that referred to the law and presidential decree on the implementation of the national security policy of the country. Erdoğans attitude on his military instrument on Syria and Iraq has caused disturbance on the stability of neighbornational security and inhibits the economic growth of Kurdishs people."

"Skripsi ini akan membahas competitive authoritarian regime di Turki pada kasus referendum 2017. Refendum 2017 merupakan inisiasi Erdo-an yang sejak 2011 mengatakan bahwa Turki akan semakin kuat dan stabil apabila menganut sistem presidensial. Erdo-an didukung oleh AKP dan MHP di Parlemen, sedangkan HDP dan CHP menolak karena poin-poin amandemen dapat menghasilkan otoritarianisme di Turki. Referendum diselenggarakan pada kondisi darurat negara setelah kudeta gagal pada 2016 oleh kelompok G len. Pada perencanaan dan prosesnya, ditemukan beberapa dinamika politik yang terjadi di Turki yaitu tindak represi terhadap kelompok oposisi, ketimpangan sumber daya dan akses kampanye, serta adanya indikasi kecurangan yang terjadi dalam proses referendum. Dengan demikian, temuan-temuan tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa rezim Erdo-an mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai competitive authoritarian pada kasus referendum 2017. ......This thesis discusses the case of Erdo an regime on the case of Turkish referendum 2017. The referendum was initiated by Erdo an, whom argued that presidential system will make the country stronger and more stable. The referendum was supported by AKP and MHP in the Parliament, but then opposed by HDP and CHP due to their concern of one man rule in Turkey. The referendum was held in the state emergency situation since the failed coup attempt on 2016 by the G lenists. In the preparation and process, there were repression to the oppositions, uneven access to the resources and campaign, and some indication of an unfair election. Based on the findings, this thesis concluded that Erdo an rsquo s regime had implemented and embodied the competitive authoritarian model, especially in the case of the 2017's referendum. "

"ABSTRACTThis paper focused on the development of the AK Party (Adelet ve Kalkinma Partisi) in Turkey. The AK Party is a long established Islamic political party in Turkey which had won the 2002, 2007, 2011, and 2015 elections. Turkey is a country that adopting the secular system, a system that had been guarded by the military. This situation made Islamic parties, such as the AK Party, had to rethink their strategy, in order to survive Turkey's political system.This research is a qualitative research with case study method. The theory that used in this research is social movement theory which based on; political participation structure, resources mobilization, and framing process. This research showed that the development of the AK Party political movement is depend on the transformation of the Islamic political movement in Turkey. This transformation reflected on the perception that AK Party is a Liberal Democracy Party which accepting free market, universal human rights, and pluralism."

"Skripsi ini mengidentifikasi peranan-peranan yang telah dilakukan oleh AKP sebagai sebuah partai pemerintah dalam upaya demokratisasi di Turki sejak tahun 2002-2011. Upaya demokratisasi yang dimaksud berfokus kepada 4 hal, yakni amandemen konstitusi, reposisi hubungan sipil dan militer, peningkatan jaminan atas kebebasan sipil, serta penjaminan negara terhadap hak asasi manusia. Selain itu, skripsi ini berargumen bahwasanya upaya demokratisasi yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintahan AKP didorong oleh adanya dua faktor. Faktor internal dari demokratisasi adalah adanya agenda masuknya Turki ke dalam Uni Eropa. Sedangkan secara eksternal, demokratisasi dilakukan sebagai upaya pemenuhan persyaratan politik Uni Eropa. Pada akhirnya, dengan adanya upaya demokratisasi yang dilakukan oleh AKP, Turki mengalami peningkatan hubungan baik dengan Uni Eropa sebagai sebuah institusi, maupun dengan negara-negara anggotanya. ......This thesis identifies the roles that have been done by the AKP as a government party in democratization efforts in Turkey since 2002-2011. This efforts is focused on four things, namely amending the constitution, repositioning of civil and military relations, increaing the guarantees of civil liberties, as well as state guaranteeing of human rights. It argues that democratization efforts that have been made by the AKP government are driven by two factors. Internal factors of democratization is the agenda of Turkey's entry into the European Union. While externally, democratization done as efforts to comply with the EU‟s political conditionality. In the end, with the democratization efforts undertaken by the AKP, Turkey has increased good relationship with the EU as an institution, as well as with its members."

"Tesis ini membahas perkembangan gerakan partai Adelet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) di Turki. AKP merupakan partai yang memiliki akar sejarah panjang dari gerakan politik Islam di Turki dan mampu memenangi tiga kali pemilihan umum nasional tahun 2002, 2007, dan 2011. Sedangkan Turki adalah negara yang menerapkan sekularisme dan menjadikannya sebagai ideologi negara. Ideologi tersebut mendapat pengawalan yang begitu ketat dari militer. Hal itu mengakibatkan Partai Politik berbasis Islam di Turki, seperti AKP membutuhkan perjuangan dan strategi yang matang dalam gerakan perkembangannya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Tesis ini menggunakan teori gerakan sosial yang berpijak pada tiga faktor pembahasan, yaitu struktur kesempatan politik, mobilisasi sumber daya, dan proses pembingkaian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa perkembangan gerakan politik AKP sangat ditentutan oleh transformasi gerakan politik Islam di Turki. Transformasi tersebut terefleksikan pada penerimaan partai AKP atas gagasan Demokrasi Liberal, Ekonomi Pasar Bebas, Hak Asasi Manusia, dan Plularisme. Penerimaan ini tidak hanya dalam tataran ide, tetapi juga dalam aksi gerakan partai AKP.

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The Focus of this study is The Development of Adelet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) in Turkey. AKP is a party that has long historical roots of Islamic political movements in Turkey, and it was able to win three national elections in 2002, 2007, 2011. While Turkey is a secular state and implement it as the state ideology. The Turkish military perceived itself as the guardian of secularism. consequently, Islamic-based political party in Turkey, such as the AKP requires careful strategy of its struggle and development.

This research is qualitative case study method. This thesis uses social movement theory rests on three factors discussion, namely the political opportunity structure, resource mobilization, and framing processes.

The results of this study stated that the development of AKP is determined by the transformation of the Islamic political movement in Turkey. The transformation reflected the AKP acceptance of the idea of liberal democracy, free market economy, human rights, and plularism. This acceptance not only at the level of ideas, but also in action AKP of movement."

"Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh paradigma militer Turki yang masih beranggapan bahwa militer masih mendominasi berbagai aspek dalam sosial politik Turki sebagaimana pada masa awal pemerintahan Republik. Kudeta lima jam membuktikan kapabilitas Erdogan yang mampu mengalahkan dominasi militer di Turki sehingga kondisi ini mengharuskan militer Turki untuk melakukan penyesuaian dengan gaya kepemimpinan dan sistem politik Erdogan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui kajian kepustakaan terhadap berbagai media cetak dan digital seperti buku, artikel ilmiah, dan laporan mengenai dinamika militer di Turki serta berbagai perubahan kebijakan pada militer Turki pasca kudeta 2016. Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah transisi demokrasi Huntington dan Strong State Francis Fukuyama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Adaptasi militer Turki dapat dilihat dari tiga dimensi yaitu Adaptasi Ideologi, Adaptasi Konstitusi dan Adaptasi Organisasi Militer (Restrukturisasi Organisasi). Pada Adaptasi Ideologi Sekuler-Kemalis di Tubuh Militer menitik beratkan pada ketegangan antara ideologi Pro Islam-Konservatif dengan ideologi Kemalist Sekuler. Pada Adaptasi konstitusi terjadi beberapa perubahan yakni melemahnya kewenangan dan keterlibatan militer dalam sistem politik di Turki, sehingga kewenangan yang diberikan terhadap militer hanya sebatas pada pertahanan negara saja. Pada Adaptasi Organisasi Militer, Erdogan mengambil kebijakan yang cukup ekstrem yaitu untuk mengembalikan konteks militer ke barak. Fenomena ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kontrol pemerintahan sipil terhadap Angkatan Bersenjata Turki pasca percobaan kudeta terjadi pada tahun 2016.......This research is motivated by the Turkish military paradigm which still thinks that the military still dominates various aspects of Turkey's social politics as in the early days of the Republican government. The five-hour coup proved Erdogan's capability to defeat military domination in Turkey, so that this condition required the Turkish military to make adjustments to Erdogan's leadership style and political system. The method used in this research is qualitative. The data was obtained through a literature review of various print and digital media such as books, scientific articles, and reports on military dynamics in Turkey as well as various policy changes to the Turkish military after the 2016 coup. The theory used in this research is Huntington's democratic transition and Francis Fukuyama's Strong State.  This study concludes that Turkey's military adaptation can be seen from three dimensions, namely Ideological Adaptation, Constitutional Adaptation and Military Organizational Adaptation (Organizational Restructuring). The Adaptation of Secular-Kemalist Ideology in the Military Body focuses on the tension between Pro-Islamic-Conservative and the Secular Kemalist. In the adaptation of the constitution, several changes occurred, namely the weakening of the authority and involvement of the military in the political system in Turkey, so that the authority given to the military was only limited to national defense. In the adaptation of the Military Organization, Erdoğan took a quite extreme policy, namely to return the military context to the barracks. This phenomenon shows that there has been an increase in the control of the civilian government over the Turkish Armed Forces after the attempted coup occurred in 2016."