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"Kebijakan Pemerintah Turki setelah Perjanjian Sevres tahun 1920 banyak diadopsi dari Eropa. Akibat dari pengadopsian ini, segala bentukb pengungkapan diri bagi kaum Kurdi maupun etnis minoritas lain direpresi. Kurdi tidak punya hak berpolitik, tidak punya akses pendidikan, dan informasi. Sebelum tahun 1991, bahasa Kurdi dianggap ilegal. Hingga tahun 1999 masih ada batasan-batasan tertentu bagi etnis Kurdi, misalnya siaran radio Kurdi tidak boleh lebih dari 1 jam per hari; lima hari seminggu. Konflik antara Turki dengan Kurdi terjadi sejak tahun 1984. Kebijakan Pemerintah Turki terhadap etnis Kurdi di Turki Tenggara tidak dapat dilepaskan dari posisi Kurdistan sebagai suatu wilayah yang strategis bagi Turki sebab mengandung sumber daya minyak dan air yang akan selalu mereka upayakan tidak lepas dari genggaman mereka. Tipe penelitian dalam tesis ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data-data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data kasus yang ditunjang oleh data dokumen, rekaman fisik dan wawancara yang terkait dengan masalah penelitian. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis data berbentuk analisis kualitatif dengan model interaktif. Dari data yang diperoleh, dapat diketahui bagaimana upaya-upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Turki untuk menyelesaikan masalahnya dengan etnis Kurdi baik melalui jalan damai maupun kekerasan. Perubahan konstelasi politik dalam negeri Turki ternyata mempengaruhi kebijakan terhadap etnis Kurdi.

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Most of the Turkish government policies toward the Kurds after the Treaty of Sevres in 1920, were adopted from Europe. The consequences of these policies, the Kurds and other minorities in Turkey are oppressed. The Kurds do not have the rights for being active in politic, no adequate access to education, and information. Before 1991, Kurdish language was considered illegal. Up until 1999 the Kurds cannot aired their radio for more than 1 hour in five days a week. The conflicts between the Turkish government and the Kurds happened since 1984. The Turkish government policies towards the Kurds, is caused by the strategic geographic position and the natural wealth of Kurdistan. Especially its natural resources such as water and oil, which is very important for Turkey. The methods used for this research is a study case methods with qualitative research. All the data used for this research came from documents, physica records, and interviews. Data analysis methods for this research are qualitative analysis and interactive model. From the data obtained, it can be seen every efforts that had been done by the Turkish government in order to deal with the Kurdish situations, both by the use of force and through negotiations. The changing political situation in Turkey also influenced the Turkish government policy toward the Kurds."

"Recep Tayyip Erdogan merupakan Presiden Turki yang memiliki pengaruh dalam ranah politik internasional. Kebijakan luar negerinya kerap menimbulkan reaksi bagi negara maupun kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Penelitian ini akan membahas sikap politik Recep Tayyip Erdogan, khususnya kebijakan luar negerinya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas pengaruh kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan terhadap hubungan Indonesia-Turki dan organisasi masyarakat (ormas) berbasis Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode mixed method (kualitatif-kuantitatif) dalam menganalisis data-data primer dan sekunder. Data diperoleh dari sumber literatur, data digital dari media massa dan media sosial, dan wawancara. Selain itu, data juga diperoleh dengan teknik survei. Kuesioner akan disebar kepada responden yang merepresentasikan ormas Islam (NU, Muhammadiyah, dan Jamaah Tarbiyah). Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, akan diketahui (1) kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan, (2) pengaruh kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan terhadap hubungan diplomatik Indonesia-Turki, dan (3) pengaruh kebijakan luar negeri Erdogan terhadap ormas Islam di Indonesia.

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Recep Tayyip Erdogan is the President of Turkey who has influence in the realm of international politics. His foreign policies often cause reactions to certain countries and groups. This study discuss Recep Tayyip Erdogan's political stance, particularly his foreign policy. In addition, this study also discuss the influence of Erdoan's foreign policy on Indonesia-Turkey relations and Islamic-based community organizations (ormas) in Indonesia. This research was conducted using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) in analyzing primary and secondary data. Data is obtained from literature sources, digital data from mass media and social media, and interviews. In addition, data will also be obtained by survey techniques. Questionnaires will be distributed to respondents who represent Islamic organizations (NU, Muhammadiyah, and Jamaah Tarbiyah). Based on this analysis, it is known (1) Erdogan's foreign policy, (2) the influence of Erdogan's foreign policy on Indonesia-Turkey diplomatic relations, and (3) the influence of Erdogan's foreign policy on Islamic organizations in Indonesia."

"ABSTRACTThis paper focused on the development of the AK Party (Adelet ve Kalkinma Partisi) in Turkey. The AK Party is a long established Islamic political party in Turkey which had won the 2002, 2007, 2011, and 2015 elections. Turkey is a country that adopting the secular system, a system that had been guarded by the military. This situation made Islamic parties, such as the AK Party, had to rethink their strategy, in order to survive Turkey's political system.This research is a qualitative research with case study method. The theory that used in this research is social movement theory which based on; political participation structure, resources mobilization, and framing process. This research showed that the development of the AK Party political movement is depend on the transformation of the Islamic political movement in Turkey. This transformation reflected on the perception that AK Party is a Liberal Democracy Party which accepting free market, universal human rights, and pluralism."

"Skripsi ini akan membahas competitive authoritarian regime di Turki pada kasus referendum 2017. Refendum 2017 merupakan inisiasi Erdo-an yang sejak 2011 mengatakan bahwa Turki akan semakin kuat dan stabil apabila menganut sistem presidensial. Erdo-an didukung oleh AKP dan MHP di Parlemen, sedangkan HDP dan CHP menolak karena poin-poin amandemen dapat menghasilkan otoritarianisme di Turki. Referendum diselenggarakan pada kondisi darurat negara setelah kudeta gagal pada 2016 oleh kelompok G len. Pada perencanaan dan prosesnya, ditemukan beberapa dinamika politik yang terjadi di Turki yaitu tindak represi terhadap kelompok oposisi, ketimpangan sumber daya dan akses kampanye, serta adanya indikasi kecurangan yang terjadi dalam proses referendum. Dengan demikian, temuan-temuan tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa rezim Erdo-an mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai competitive authoritarian pada kasus referendum 2017.

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This thesis discusses the case of Erdo an regime on the case of Turkish referendum 2017. The referendum was initiated by Erdo an, whom argued that presidential system will make the country stronger and more stable. The referendum was supported by AKP and MHP in the Parliament, but then opposed by HDP and CHP due to their concern of one man rule in Turkey. The referendum was held in the state emergency situation since the failed coup attempt on 2016 by the G lenists. In the preparation and process, there were repression to the oppositions, uneven access to the resources and campaign, and some indication of an unfair election. Based on the findings, this thesis concluded that Erdo an rsquo s regime had implemented and embodied the competitive authoritarian model, especially in the case of the 2017's referendum. "

"Pekerja Kurdi telah menjadi ancaman nasional bagi negara Turki, sehingga penulisan tesis ini membahas kebijakan militer Recep Tayyip Erdoğan dalam mengatasi kelompok pemberontak. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teorikebijakan yang dikemukakan oleh William Dunn, ditambah konsep keamanan dan ancaman nasional sebagai pelengkap teori. Dengan pendekatan deskriptif melalui pengambilan data dari beberapa kajian pustaka seperti penelitian terdahulu, jurnal, artikel, buku, dan informasi dari media elektronik, ditemukan hasil penelitian bahwa peningkatan intensitas dari implementasi kebijakan militer Erdoğan terjadisetelah gagalnya resolusi perdamaian yang mengacu pada undang-undang dan keputusan presiden tentang pelaksanaan kebijakan keamanan nasional negara. Dengan sikap represi Erdoğan melalui instrumen militernya di Suriah dan Irak, telah berdampak terhadap terganggunya stabilitas keamanan negara tetangga dan menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi rakyat Kurdi.

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The issue of Kurdish ethnicity was represented by the existence of Kurdistan Workers Party separatist movement that now has become Turkish nations threat. Based on that, this thesis was made to examine Recep Tayyip Erdoğans military policy on overcoming it. This qualitative research was using policy theory by

William Dunn, followed by security and national threat concept as the complementary. Using descriptive approach through data collection from several literature studies, such as earlier research, journal, article, books, and media electronic, generate a conclusion that the increased intensity of the implementation of Erdoğans military policy occurred after the failure of peace resolution that referred to the law and presidential decree on the implementation of the national security policy of the country. Erdoğans attitude on his military instrument on Syria and Iraq has caused disturbance on the stability of neighbor

national security and inhibits the economic growth of Kurdishs people."

"Skripsi ini mengidentifikasi peranan-peranan yang telah dilakukan oleh AKP sebagai sebuah partai pemerintah dalam upaya demokratisasi di Turki sejak tahun 2002-2011. Upaya demokratisasi yang dimaksud berfokus kepada 4 hal, yakni amandemen konstitusi, reposisi hubungan sipil dan militer, peningkatan jaminan atas kebebasan sipil, serta penjaminan negara terhadap hak asasi manusia. Selain itu, skripsi ini berargumen bahwasanya upaya demokratisasi yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintahan AKP didorong oleh adanya dua faktor. Faktor internal dari demokratisasi adalah adanya agenda masuknya Turki ke dalam Uni Eropa. Sedangkan secara eksternal, demokratisasi dilakukan sebagai upaya pemenuhan persyaratan politik Uni Eropa. Pada akhirnya, dengan adanya upaya demokratisasi yang dilakukan oleh AKP, Turki mengalami peningkatan hubungan baik dengan Uni Eropa sebagai sebuah institusi, maupun dengan negara-negara anggotanya.

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This thesis identifies the roles that have been done by the AKP as a government party in democratization efforts in Turkey since 2002-2011. This efforts is focused on four things, namely amending the constitution, repositioning of civil and military relations, increaing the guarantees of civil liberties, as well as state guaranteeing of human rights. It argues that democratization efforts that have been made by the AKP government are driven by two factors.

Internal factors of democratization is the agenda of Turkey's entry into the European Union. While externally, democratization done as efforts to comply with the EU‟s political conditionality. In the end, with the democratization efforts undertaken by the AKP, Turkey has increased good relationship with the EU as an institution, as well as with its members."

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