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"Tesis ini menyajikan evaluasi kinerja program raskin di empat kecamatan di Kabupaten Tangerang yaitu Cisauk, Pagedangan, Pondok Aren, dan Serpong berdasarkan Indikator 6 T ( tepat sasaran, tepat jumlah, tepat harga, tepat waktu, tepat administrasi dan tepat kualitas). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan agar Bulog Tangerang meningkatkan kualitas raskin yang dibagikan, Pemerintah Kabupaten Tangerang meningkatkan sosialisasi program ke masyarakat serta mengalokasikan APBD untuk dana pendamping, dan agar program ini diteruskan.

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Focus of this study is evaluating the performance of rice for the poor program implementation in 2008 in four districts of Tangerang County i.e: Cisauk, Pagedangan, Pondok Aren, and Serpong based on 6 right indicators provided (objective right, quantity right, price right, timely right, administration right, and quality right). This research is qualitative descriptive interpretive. The data were collected by means of deep interview. The researcher suggests BULOG (the government body for managing the logistic) to improve the quality of the rice distributed, regional government to gain the program socialization effort and to allocate sufficient fund to succeed this program, and continuing the program as demanded by the poor."

"Objectives of the study are : (a) analysis of effectiveness of implementation of Raskin Program in the year of 2007, (b) analysis of poor families (RTM)'s perception on the perspective of increasing normative price of raskin, and (c) formulation of recommendation for more effective implementation of the Raskin rogram. The study reveals that the program is less effective. In all study areas, RTMs paid a much higher price for raskin that its normative rice quota (10 Kgs/RTM/month) It is also found that RTMs were willing to pay if the government increased the normative price of raskin . However , their willingness to pay is subject to two conditions, namely (a) the newly-established normative price is the price at RTMs hose and (b) monthly quota is raised to 20 Kgs/RTM/month as previously. To make the program more effective, this study recommends the government to develop a village - level system control for the Raskin program , to raise monthly rice quota of RTM and its normative price and to share the program's cost with distric-level governments."

"Tesis ini berupaya melihat persepsi masyarakat sebagai penerima manfaat dari kebijakan publik terutama berkaitan dengan program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali. Program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan yang dinilai adalah Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dan Subsidi Raskin. Dalam melihat persepsi masyarakat ini, metode yang digunakan yakni survei menggunakan kartu penilaian warga atau sering dikenal dengan citizen report card (CRC). Selain berguna untuk menilai tingkat kepuasan masyarakat, CRC juga berguna sebagai alat evaluasi partisipatif yang memungkinkan keterlibatan masyarakat secara langsung dalam evaluasi program dan/atau kebijakan.Hasil Penelitian ini berguna untuk pengambilan kebijakan terkait dengan program-program penanggulangan kemiskinan yang dinilai terutama untuk melakukan peningkatan layanan kepada masyarakat sebagaimana hasil survei.

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This thesis attempts to see the beneficiaries? perception of public policies, especially related to poverty reduction programs in Karangasem Regency, Bali. Poverty reduction programs assessed were the Conditional Cash Transfer Program (CCT) or better known as the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) and rice subsidy for the poor families program (Raskin Program).

In looking at the people's perception, the survei method used in this survei was Citizen Report Card (CRC). Besides useful to assess the level of community satisfaction, CRC is also useful as a participatory evaluation tool that allows direct publik involvement in the evaluation of programs and / or policies.

The results of this study are useful for policy making related to poverty reduction programs to make improvements to the community services."

"Kebijakan pendistribusian Raskin yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah di tingkat nasional kenyataannya mengalami perubahan di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dinamika pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal, dampak pendistribusian Raskin di tingkat lokal dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok RTS dan implikasi pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal terhadap aspek keadilan distributifnya.Hasil penelitian kualitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa dinamika yang terjadi dapat dilihat dari munculnya berbagai aturan yang mengatur pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal. Selanjutnya, pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal berdampak pada upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok yang belum optimal. Selain itu, pendistribusian raskin di tingkat lokal berimplikasi pada belum terwujudnya keadilan distributif.

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The distribution policy of the raskin (subsidized rice) program set by the central government changes at the local level. This study aims to explain the dynamics of raskin distribution at the local level, its impact on fulfilling the basic needs for target households (RTS), and its implication on distributive justice. This research employs qualitative approach.The results show that the dynamics can be observed from the various rules in managing the raskin distribution at the local level. Furthermore, the local distribution seems to reduce the program?s potential to fulfill the basic needs of RTS and to improve distributive justice."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa kembali adanya efek kontraproduktif pengurangan penawaran tenaga kerja sebagai dampak dari pemberian Raskin. Estimasi dampak dilakukan dengan kombinasi metode Difference-in-Difference dan Propensity Score Matching. Dari hasil estimasi ditunjukkan bahwa pemberian Raskin memiliki dampak signifikan pada penurunan rata-rata jam kerja kepala rumah tangga,khususnya laki-laki. Sedangkan pemberian bantuan pangan Raskin tidak memiliki dampak signifikan pada rata-rata perubahan jam kerja pada istri dan anak. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Raskin memiliki efek kontraproduktif terhadap penawaran tenaga kerja berupa pengurangan jam kerja. Namun tidak ditemukan bukti yang cukup untuk mengatakan bahwa pemberian Raskin menyebabkan orang malas bekerja

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the existence of counterproductive effects of Raskin program on labor supply. The impact evaluation is done by a combination of Difference in Difference and Propensity Score Matching methods. The estimation results shown that Raskin has a significant impact on decreasing of household rsquo s head working hours , especially on male. While in the other hand, Raskin doesn rsquo t have a significant impact on working hours changes on wife and child. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Raskin has a counterproductive effect on labor supply , but there is no evidence to say Raskin makes people lazy"

"Permasalahan pangan dan malnutrisi pada usia anak masih banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Kedua masalah tersebut memiliki hubungan dimana ketika seseorang mengalami kekurangan pangan maka ia akan berpotensi mengalami masalah gizi. Penelitian ini akan melihat dampak jangka panjang dari bantuan pangan Raskin terhadap kesehatan anak. Anak yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 7-12 tahun dan berada pada rumah tangga miskin. Kesehatan anak akan diukur menggunakan pendekatan antropometri berupa nilai z. Status gizi anak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain stunting yang berasal dari indikator height-for-age, underweight dari indikator weight-for-age, dan wasting dari indikator BMI-for-age. Penelitian ini menggunakan data IFLS 4 dan 5 dan metode regresi logit. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa anak yang mengonsumsi Raskin memiliki status gizi yang lebih baik dibandingkan anak yang tidak mengonsumsi Raskin. Hubungan yang signifikan ditemukan pada status gizi stunting, sedangkan untuk status gizi underweight dan wasting tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik.Hunger and malnutrition problems on children are still common in Indonesia. Both of these problems have a relationship, when a person experiences food shortages then he will have a potential to experience nutritional problems. This research will look at the long-term impact of Raskin on children's health. The age of children, that are studied in this study, is 7 until 12 years old and also live in poor household. Children's health will be measured using an anthropometric approach in the form of z-score. The nutritional status of children that used in this study are stunting which is derived from the height-for-age indicator, underweight from the weight-for-age indicator, and wasting from the BMI-for-age indicator. This study uses IFLS 4 and 5 data and logit regression method. The results of this study found that children who consume Raskin has better nutritional status than children who do not consume Raskin. A significant relationship is found in stunting nutritional status, while for underweight and wasting status has no statistically significant relationship."

"[Dengan menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) periodetahun 2000 dan 2007, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dariprogram subsidi beras untuk orang miskin (Raskin) terhadap kesehatan anakIndonesia. Indikator kesehatan yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalahtinggi dan berat badan anak yang telah dinormalisasi dengan umur masing-masinganak, atau dikenal dengan istilah height-for-age dan weight-for-age. Sebagaikontrol variable, penelitian ini juga menggunakan karakteristik anak, orang tua danrumah tangga. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah program Raskin berpengaruh positifterhadap tinggi badan anak yang berasal dari keluarga penerima Raskin. Akantetapi, penelitian ini tidak menemukan cukup bukti tentang manfaat program Raskinterhadap berat badan anak. Hasil penting lainnya dari penelitian ini adalah, dalamjangka panjang, status gizi anak yang berasal dari keluarga penerima Raskin tidakberbeda dengan mereka yang tidak menerima Raskin. Penelitian ini menemukanbahwa manfaat dari program Raskin yang diberikan di masa lampau, tidak lagiberpengaruh pada kesehatan anak setelah tujuh tahun kemudian;Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later.;Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later., Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) collected in 2000and 2007, this paper examines the impact of the Indonesian food subsidies (Raskin)program in improving child health. In this paper, the health status of children isindicated by standardized height (height-for-age) and weight (weight-for-age)anthropometric measures (called as Z-score). As control variables, this study alsouses children, parents and households characteristics. The finding of this study isthat the Raskin program positively affects height of children living in eligiblehouseholds. On the other hand, there is not enough econometric evidence about theimpact of the Raskin program on child weight. Another important evidence foundby this study is that the nutritional status of children with and without the Raskinprogram is not different in the long term. It has been found that the Raskin programin the past has no impact on child health seven years later.]"

"Kemiskinan hingga saat ini masih menjadi masalah yang cukup serius dihadapi oleh Pemerintah Pusat maupun Pemerintah Daerah. Pemerintah berupaya memberikan solusi kemiskinan dalam bentuk program penanggulangan kemiskinan. Salah satu indikator miskin adalah kurangnya kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pokok makanan. Untuk itu program kemiskinan yang dianggap efektif dalam membantu masyarakat miskin adalah Program Raskin.Penelitian ini mengangkat studi komparasi Provinsi yang erat kaitannya dengan kemiskinan. Provinsi Jawa Timur adalah salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang memiliki jumlah penduduk miskin paling tinggi dengan tingkat kemiskinan sebesar 14 23 atau 5 356 juta jiwa pada tahun 2011. Sementara Provinsi yang juga erat dengan kemiskinan adalah Papua Provinsi Papua memiliki persentase penduduk miskin tertinggi yaitu sebesar 31 98 atau 944 ribu jiwa pada tahun 2011. Selain bertujuan untuk menganalisis evaluasi pelaksanaan Program Raskin, penelitian ini juga akan melihat hubungan Raskin terhadap peningkatan kualitas konsumsi pangan rumah tangga sasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Susenas Kor dan Modul Konsumsi Provinsi Jawa Timur dan Papua tahun 2011 dan 2013.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan indikator 3T Tepat Sasaran Tepat Harga dan Tepat Kuantitas di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan Papua belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Pedoman Umum tahun 2011 dan 2013. Sementara hubungan yang terjadi antara pelaksanaan Program Raskin dengan peningkatan kualitas konsumsi pangan mengindikasikan adanya hubungan yang negatif, hal ini dinilai berdasarkan peningkatan makanan yang tidak berkualitas dari tahun 2011 ke tahun 2013 seperti rokok.

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Poverty today is still a serious problem faced by the Central and Local Government. The Government seeks to provide solutions to poverty in the form of poverty reduction programs One indicator of the poor is the lack of ability to meet the basic food needs. One of that poverty programs that are considered effective in helping the poor is the Raskin.

This study raised a comparative study of Provinces that are closely related to poverty East Java Province is one of the areas in Indonesia which has the highest number of poor people with a poverty rate of 14 23 or 5 356 million in 2011. Other province that also linked to poverty is Papua Papua province has the highest percentage of poor people amounted to 31 98 or 944 thousand inhabitants in 2011. Besides aiming to analyze the evaluation of the implementation of Raskin Program, this study will also look at the relationship of Raskin toward the Targeted Household Food Consumption Quality Improvement. This study uses data of General Questionnaire of National Socioeconomic Survey and Consumption Module of East Java and Papua province in 2011 and 2013.

The results showed that based on 3P Proper Target Proper Price and Proper Quantity indicators East Java and Papua province are not yet fully in accordance with the General Guidelines of 2011 and 2013. While the relationship between the implementation of Raskin Program and food consumption quality improvement indicated a negative relationship It was assessed by the increase of under qualified food from the year 2011 to 2013 such as cigarettes."

"This study aims to analyze the food security determinant of households by household characteristics in Indonesia using descriptive and multinomial logit analyses, and determine the characteristics of households that need intervention of Raskin in Indonesia. Descriptive and multinomial logit analyses found that households more food secure if the education of household head is higher, number of household members is smaller, the household head work in non-agriculture, income per capita is larger, and the area where household live in urban areas. Generally, Raskin relatively on target. Raskin should be prioritized on women-headed households with low education, and work in agriculture/non-agriculture.

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Studi ini menganalisis determinan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga menurut karakteristik rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan analisis deskriptif dan multinomial logit, serta menentukan karakteristik rumah tangga yang perlu intervensi Raskin di Indonesia tahun 2011. Hasil analisis deskriptif dan multinomial logit menemukan bahwa semakin tinggi pendidikan kepala rumah tangga akan meningkat pula ketahanan pangannya jika jumlah anggota rumah tangga kecil, pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga di non-pertanian, pendapatan per kapita besar, dan daerah tempat tinggal di perkotaan. Secara umum, Raskin relatif tepat sasaran. Raskin sebaiknya diprioritaskan pada rumah tangga yang dikepalai perempuan, berpendidikan dasar, dan bekerja di pertanian maupun non-pertanian."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi dampak kebijakan subsidi raskin di Indonesia dengan mengelompokkan rumahtangga menurut jumlah kuantitas beras yang dikonsumsi. Dampak subsidi raskin berupa diskon harga dan subsidy amount terhadap konsumsi beras, kalori dan total kalori rumahtangga yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan jumlah konsumsi beras sebelum ada kebijakan subsidi raskin level rendah 15 kg.Penelitian ini menggunakan teori demand function yaitu permintaan konsumsi beras yang diteliti dampak subsidi raskin terhadap konsumsi beras, kalori beras dan total kalori. Selain itu diteliti juga substitution effect dipoxy dengan diskon harga dan income effect diproxy dengan subsidy amount terhadap masing-masing kelopok rumahtangga.Hipotesis dampak subsidi raskin terhadap konsumsi kalori adalah positif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan panel data dan regresi dua tahap 2SLS diestimasi koefisiennya, apakah terjadi substitution effect atau income effect. Diduga adanya hubungan endogen antara konsumsi beras dan subsidi maka digunakan interaksi kepemilikan kartu perlindungan sosial dan Post waktu kebijakan KPS sebagai instrument variable.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa dampak subsidi terhadap kalori lebih meningkat dikelompok rumahtangga dengan level konsumsi beras rendah, sedangkan level rumahtangga beras tinggi dampak subsidi raskin dapat menurunkan konsumsi kalori karena income effect yang terjadi digunakan untuk mengkonsumsi barang yang tidak bergizi atau tetap mengkonsumsi beras tapi dengan kualitas gizi yang rendah.Saran dari hasil studi ini adalah subsidi raskin dapat ditujukan kepada rumahtangga yang mengkonsumsi beras rendah, sedangkan untuk rumahtangga yang mengkonsumsi beras tinggi dapat diberikan subsidi bahan pangan lain yang lebih bergizi dan menggunakan pangan lokal.

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In this study I estimate the impact of the Raskin subsidy policy in Indonesia by grouping households according to the quantity of rice consumed. The impact of raskin subsidy is the price discount and subsidy amount on the consumption of rice, calories and total household calories grouped based on the amount of rice consumption before the Raskin subsidy policy low level 15 kg .

This research uses demand function theory that is consumption demand of rice which examined the impact of raskin subsidy on rice consumption, rice calorie and total calorie. Also examined substitution effect price discount and income effect subsidy amount to each household group.

The hypothesis of Raskin subsidy impact on calorie consumption is positive, using panel data approach and two stage regression 2SLS is estimated coefficient, whether there is substitution effect or income effect. Suspected of endogenous relationship between rice consumption and subsidy then used the interaction of ownership of social protection card and Post time of rice subsidy policy as an instrument variable.

The results of the study showed that the impact of subsidies on calories is increasing in household groups with low rice consumption level, while the high level of calories consumption is reduced. It heppened because the income effect from the rice subsidy is used to consume non nutritious food or keep consuming rice but with the low quality of calories.

Suggestion from the result of this study is raskin subsidy can be directed to households that consume low rice, while for households that consume high rice can be given other food subsidy program which more nutritious and using local food."