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"[ABSTRAK LatarBelakangDelayedgraftfunction(DGF)adalahkomplikasiyangumumdijumpaipadatransplantasidarimayat.Berdasarkanstuditerdahulu,DGFdanfactorresikonyamemilikihasilyangbervariasipadadonornefrektomihidupMetodePenelitimelakukananalisisretrospektifdarirekammedicdonordanresipientransplantasiginjalpada100kasuslaparoskopidonornefrektomihidupdiRumahSakitCiptoMangunkusumodariNovember2011hinggaFebruari2014.KriteriaDGFadalahpasiendidialisispada1minggupostoperasidan/ataukreatininlebihdari2.5mg/dlpadaharike7postoperasi.PasienyangtidakmasukdalamkriteriatersebutdidefinisikanmemilikirenalallograftyangberfungsinormalHasilPrevalensiDGFpadapenelitianiniadalah14%.Indeksmassatubuhresipien,coldischemiatime,waktuanastomosisvaskular,dantotalischemiatimelebihtinggipadagrupDGF,tetapitidakditemukanfaktorresikoDGFyangsignifikansecarastatisticsaatdilakukananalisismultivariatKesimpulanInsidensiDGFpadastudiinimasukdalamrentangyangdiamatipadastudi-­‐studisebelumnya.FaktorresikoyangdilaporkansebagaifaktorresikoDGFpadalaparoskopidonornefrektomihiduptidaksignifikansecarastatistikdenganDGFpadastudikaliini.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication affecting deceaseddonor renal transplantation. Based on previous studies, DGF and its risk factors inlive donor nephrectomy (LDN) have a various results.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of donor and recipient from ourfirst 100 cases of laparoscopic LDN in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital fromNovember 2011 to February 2014. The criteria used to define DGF were therequirement for dialysis in postoperative week 1 and/or serum creatinine greaterthan 2.5 mg/dl at postoperative day 7. Patients who did not match any of thesecriteria were define as having normal renal allograft function.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DGF was 14%. Recipients body mass index, coldischemia time, vascular anastomosis time, and total ischemia time were higheramong the delayed graft function group, but no risk factors for DGF weresignificantly associated after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe incidence of DGF in our study was in the range of that observed in previousstudies. The factors that previously reported and believed as risk factors of DGFin laparoscopic LDN were not significantly associated with the development ofDGF in our study.;BackgroundDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication affecting deceaseddonor renal transplantation. Based on previous studies, DGF and its risk factors inlive donor nephrectomy (LDN) have a various results.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of donor and recipient from ourfirst 100 cases of laparoscopic LDN in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital fromNovember 2011 to February 2014. The criteria used to define DGF were therequirement for dialysis in postoperative week 1 and/or serum creatinine greaterthan 2.5 mg/dl at postoperative day 7. Patients who did not match any of thesecriteria were define as having normal renal allograft function.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DGF was 14%. Recipients body mass index, coldischemia time, vascular anastomosis time, and total ischemia time were higheramong the delayed graft function group, but no risk factors for DGF weresignificantly associated after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe incidence of DGF in our study was in the range of that observed in previousstudies. The factors that previously reported and believed as risk factors of DGFin laparoscopic LDN were not significantly associated with the development ofDGF in our study.;BackgroundDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication affecting deceaseddonor renal transplantation. Based on previous studies, DGF and its risk factors inlive donor nephrectomy (LDN) have a various results.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of donor and recipient from ourfirst 100 cases of laparoscopic LDN in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital fromNovember 2011 to February 2014. The criteria used to define DGF were therequirement for dialysis in postoperative week 1 and/or serum creatinine greaterthan 2.5 mg/dl at postoperative day 7. Patients who did not match any of thesecriteria were define as having normal renal allograft function.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DGF was 14%. Recipients body mass index, coldischemia time, vascular anastomosis time, and total ischemia time were higheramong the delayed graft function group, but no risk factors for DGF weresignificantly associated after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe incidence of DGF in our study was in the range of that observed in previousstudies. The factors that previously reported and believed as risk factors of DGFin laparoscopic LDN were not significantly associated with the development ofDGF in our study., BackgroundDelayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication affecting deceaseddonor renal transplantation. Based on previous studies, DGF and its risk factors inlive donor nephrectomy (LDN) have a various results.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of donor and recipient from ourfirst 100 cases of laparoscopic LDN in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital fromNovember 2011 to February 2014. The criteria used to define DGF were therequirement for dialysis in postoperative week 1 and/or serum creatinine greaterthan 2.5 mg/dl at postoperative day 7. Patients who did not match any of thesecriteria were define as having normal renal allograft function.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DGF was 14%. Recipients body mass index, coldischemia time, vascular anastomosis time, and total ischemia time were higheramong the delayed graft function group, but no risk factors for DGF weresignificantly associated after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe incidence of DGF in our study was in the range of that observed in previousstudies. The factors that previously reported and believed as risk factors of DGFin laparoscopic LDN were not significantly associated with the development ofDGF in our study.]"

"ABSTRACTIn economics, education is considered as one of the most important factors for a nation development. International test result, unfortunately, shows that Indonesian students are performing poorly compared to other countries even with enormous portion of state budget spent for education. Lack of infrastructure is often highlighted as the reason for this failure. However, several reports have shown that infrastructure may not be the sole determinant of education outcome, hence identifying another factor is needed to improve effectiveness of education policy. This research aims to study how human behavior could impact academic achievement through a field experiment. Using the concept of growth mindset and delayed gratification as the proxy of human behavior, we obtained mixed result on how human behavior affects education outcome. Higher degree of growth mindset is associated with better academic performance, showing that student rsquo s belief can affect their achievement academic wise. On the other hand, we did not find statistical evidence about the impact of delayed gratification on education outcome, which implies that the ability to resist temptation may not always lead to better academic achievement. These findings suggest that education policy making and evaluation in the future should consider and put more emphasis to the factor of human behavior.

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ABSTRAKPendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor terpenting dalam membangun sebuah negara. Dengan segala sumber daya yang telah dialokasikan untuk pendidikan, khususnya besaran porsi anggaran, hasil tes internasional menunjukkan kemampuan siswa Indonesia masih tertinggal dari negara lain. Buruknya kualitas infrastruktur seringkali dianggap sebagai penyebab kegagalan sistem pendidikan di Indonesia. Nyatanya, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan infrastruktur bukan satu-satunya faktor penentu keberhasilan sistem pendidikan, sehingga analisis terkait faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas kebijakan pendidikan perlu dilakukan. Melalui eksperimen di lapangan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagaimana perilaku manusia dapat memengaruhi keluaran dari pendidikan. Menggunakan konsep growth mindset dan delayed gratification sebagai proxy perilaku manusia, ditemukan hasil yang beragam tentang dampak perilaku terhadap keluaran pendidikan. Growth mindset memiliki asosiasi positif dengan keluaran akademis. Hal ini menunjukkan kepercayaan siswa dapat memengaruhi performa akademis. Sementara itu, secara statistik tidak ditemukan asosiasi antara delayed gratification dan keluaran pendidikan. Hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa kemampuan menahan diri dari godaan tidak selalu berkorelasi dengan prestasi akademis yang lebih baik. Temuan-temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kebijakan terkait pendidikan harus lebih mempertimbangkan perilaku manusia."

"Akuisisi saham di Indonesia memainkan peran kunci dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ekspansi bisnis. Saat perusahaan secara strategis mengakuisisi saham, mereka berkontribusi pada diversifikasi dan pengembangan pasar Indonesia, yang pada akhirnya membentuk lingkungan bisnis yang lebih kompetitif. Salah satu masalah yang umum terjadi dalam akuisisi di Indonesia adalah kurangnya kesadaran di kalangan pelaku usaha mengenai kewajiban pemberitahuan yang diatur dalam perundang-undangan. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman lebih baik terkait tantangan yang ada dalam pelaksanaan pemberitahuan akuisisi saham, serta mengenai kerangka hukum seputar akuisisi saham di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, skripsi ini akan membahas kerangka regulasi yang mengatur akuisisi saham dalam hukum perseroan terbatas dan hukum persaingan usaha, serta menganalisis bagaimana penerapan Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1999 dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 57 tahun 2010 dalam kasus keterlambatan pemberitahuan akuisisi yang dilakukan oleh Taiko Plantations Pte. Ltd dalam akuisisi saham PT Putra Bongan Jaya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya inkonsistensi antara ketentuan Pasal 6 Peraturan Pemerintah No. 57 tahun 2010 dengan implementasinya dalam Putusan KPPU No.18/KPPU-M/2020.

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Share acquisition in Indonesia plays a pivotal role in fostering economic growth and business expansion. As companies strategically acquire shares, they contribute to the diversification and development of the Indonesian market, ultimately shaping a more competitive business environment. A prevalent problem observed about acquisitions in Indonesia is the lack of awareness among business actors regarding notifying obligations as stipulated in the law. This thesis aims to shed light on the challenges associated with share acquisitions notifications, as well as to contribute to a better understanding of the legal landscape surrounding share acquisitions in Indonesia. By using normative juridical research method, this thesis will discuss about the regulatory framework governing share acquisitions within the limited liability company law and business competition law, as well as analyzing how Law No. 5 of 1999 and Government Regulation No. 57 of 2010 are applied in the case of a delayed acquisition notification done by Taiko Plantations Pte. Ltd in the share acquisition of PT Putra Bongan Jaya. The results of this research reveal that there is an inconsistency between the provisions of Article 6 of Government Regulation No.57 of 2010 and their actual implementation in KPPU Decision No.18/KPPU-M/2020."

"Pendahuluan: Fraktur akibat kecelakaan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang menduduki peringkat ke sembilan secara global dan diperkirakan akan menduduki peringkat ketiga pada tahun 2030. Dari seluruh kasus fraktur, kejadian delayed union berkisar antara 5-10%. Delayed union menimbulkan disabilitas, penurunan kualitas hidup, dan peningkatan biaya pengobatan. Saat ini, penanganan delayed union terbaik dengan bone graft masih terbatas persediaannya. Terapi mutakhir penanganan delayed union menggunakan sintesis osteoinduktif seperti BMP-2 sudah banyak diteliti dan digunakan namun biayanya sangat mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas citrus flavonoid dalam meningkatkan ekspresi BMP-2 dan VEGF sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas fracture healing pada model delayed union hewan coba tikus Sprague-Dawley.Material dan Metode: Uji eksperimental ini menggunakan 30 tikus Sprague-Dawley yang menjadi model delayed union dengan perlakuan stripping periosteum. Tikus dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok yang diberikan citrus flavonoid 250 mcg, dan kelompok yang diberikan citrus flavonoid 500 mcg. Tikus dieuthanasia pada hari ke-15 dan hari ke-30 untuk melihat profil histomorfometrik, ekspresi BMP-2, dan ekspresi VEGF melalui aplikasi ImageScope.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan area penulangan yang secara bermakna lebih luas pada kelompok 250 mcg dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p = 0.047) dan juga pada kelompok 500 mcg dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p = 0.047) pada hari ke-15. Pembentukan kalus pada hari ke-15 juga ditemukan lebih cepat pada kelompok 250 mcg dan kelompok 500 mcg dibandingkan dengan kontrol (p = 0.009, p = 0.009). Ekspresi BMP-2 paling tinggi didapatkan pada kelompok 250 mcg. BMP-2 secara bermakna lebih besar pada kelompok 250 mcg dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol baik pada hari ke-15 maupun hari ke-30 (p < 0.05). Selain itu, ekspresi BMP-2 pada kelompok 500 mcg juga ditemukan secara bermakna lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol namun hanya pada hari ke-30. Ekspresi VEGF terbesar didapatkan pada kelompok 500 mcg dengan perbandingan yang secara signifikan lebih besar daripada kelompok kontrol dan 250 mcg (p < 0.05). Penelitian ini menunjukkan ekspresi BMP-2 yang memiliki dosis terapeutik terbaik di 250 mcg dengan penambahan dosis yang menimbulkan efek negative pada produksi BMP-2. Selain itu, ekspresi VEGF ditemukan paling baik pada dosis 500 mcg sehingga terdapat perbaikan penyembuhan fraktur baik pada kelompok 250 mcg maupun 500 mcg.Kesimpulan: Citrus flavonoid meningkatkan penyembuhan fraktur melalui peningkatan ekspresi BMP-2 dan VEGF. Terjadi mekanisme negative feedback dari BMP-2 pada pemberian citrus flavonoid yang berlebihan.

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Introduction: Fracture due to traffic accidents is ranked ninth among other problems in health sector and projected to be ranked third in 2030. Delayed union accounts for 5-10% of all fractures. It causes disability, lower quality of life, and increased cost of treatment. Currently, the ideal treatments of delayed union using bone graft application is still limited and sometimes inaccessible. Advanced alternative treatments using BMP-2 synthetics as osteoinductive factors is currently too expensive although it has been clinically proven by previous literatures. This study aimed to discover the effectivity of citrus flavonoid in increasing the expression of BMP-2 and VEGF to accelerate the fracture healing process of delayed union models of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods: This experimental study used 30 Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent periosteal stripping to create delayed union models. Subjects were allocated into three groups, namely control group, group with 250 mcg citrus flavonoid initial administration, and group with 500 mcg citrus flavonoid initial administration. The subjects were sacrificed in day 15 and day 30 to observe the histomorphometric profile, BMP-2 expression, and VEGF expression using ImageScope application.

Results: The area of lamellar bone was observed significantly higher in 250 mcg and 500 mcg groups compared to control group on day 15 (p = 0.047). The callus area showed similar result and significantly higher area were observed in 250 mcg and 500 mcg groups compared to control on day 15 (p = 0.009, p = 0.009). The highest BMP-2 expression was observed in 250 mcg group. Statistical test showed significant difference between 250 mcg with 500 mcg and 250 mcg with control groups (p < 0.05). The highest VEGF expression was seen in 500 mcg group, also with significant difference between 500 mcg group compared with 250 mcg and control on day 15. This study found the best therapeutic dose for BMP-2 was 250 mcg while the best therapeutic dose for VEGF was 500 mcg. Excessive addition of citrus flavonoid caused negative impact on BMP-2 expression. Markedly accelerated fracture healing was observed in both 250 mcg and 500 mcg groups.

Conclusion: Citrus flavonoid accelerated the fracture healing process by increasing the expression of BMP-2 and VEGF. There is a negative feedback mechanism of BMP-2 expression when excessive dose of citrus flavonoid was given."

"Memulai operasi elektif yang tepat waktu merupakan indikator dari mutu pelayanan di kamar bedah khususnya dalam efisiensi dan kerja.Kamar bedah RS Islam Pusat mempunyai 8 kamar operasi. Dua kamar operasinya digunakan untuk operasi yang `bersih' atau non infeksi. Survei yang dilakukan bulan Januari - Maret 2003 terdapat 52,29% waktu dimulainya operasi elektif tidak tepat waktu di Kamar Bedah RS Islam PusatPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dari pelayanan tindakan bedah di Kamar Bedah RS Islam Pusat Jakarta dengan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu dimulainya operasi yang tidak tepat waktu tersebut, sehingga pihak manajemen kamar bedah dapat mengatasi akar masalah tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional karena tidak bersifat intervensi.Hasil penelitian membuktikan sebanyak 87,5% operasi yang dimulai tidak tepat waktu, rata-rata lama waktu dimulainya operasi elektif setelah 44 menit dart jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Melalui buku register anestesi dan reanimasi, dapat diketahui rata-rata lama operasi besar 2 jam, sedang 1 jam dan kecil jam. Sebanyak 77,1% operator datang tidak tepat waktu. Kedatangan pasien dari ruang rawat inap ke kamar bedah yang tidak tepat waktu adalah 69,8%. Sedangkan factor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tidak tepat waktu dimulainya operasi elektif adalah kedatangan dokter bedah dan kedatangan pasien ke kamar bedah. Walaupun ketidakcukupan jumlah perawat tidak berhubungan dengan waktu dimulainya operasi yang tidak tepat waktu, tetapi adanya ketidakcukupan perawat di 3 hari kerja dalam seminggu sebagai bukti bahwa pihak manajemen perlu menyiasati penjadwalan dan bantuan tenaga pada Hari Rabu, Kamis dan Sabtu.Dengan diketahuinya faktor-faktor tersebut mempermudah pihak Manajemen Kamar Bedah untuk membuat kebijakan guna menghindari masalah-masalah tersebut terjadi kembali.Daftar Bacaan : 16 (1971 - 2003)

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Analysis the Delayed of an Elective Surgery in Islam Central Hospital Jakarta, 2004A service quality in efficiency and effectivity indicator for operating room in Hospital can be known by it's just in time elective surgery services.

Islam Central Hospital has 8 operating rooms. Two rooms are for a non infection operation. The study that had been done in January-Mares 2003 showed there were 52,29 % delayed of an elective surgery .

The purpose of this study was to described the delayed of an elective surgery service and had recognized what factors which associated in, so the manager can handle the root cause of the problems.

This study was a cross sectional study with a quantitative analysis using primary and secondary data.

The result of this study showed that the delayed of an elective surgery was about 87,5 %. The average of the delayed was about 44 minutes after the proper time. The study can recollect the classification of surgery from the registered and reanimation book. The average of major surgery was 2 hour, intermediate was 1 hour small operative was '/2 hour. The surgeons didn't come on time was about 77,1 %. The arrival of the patient at operating room's gate was about 69,8 % late. The factor which associated with the delayed of an elective surgery were the arrival of surgeon and patient came into operating room's gate.(p value 0,00 and 0,000). Although there weren't enough nurse surgeon and it didn't associated in delayed elective surgery, the manager should has the strategies to solve that problem.

Recognized these factors would be easier for the Operating room's manager to remake standard operational procedure to minimalized the delayed."

"Penelitian ini menyelidiki keberadaan contrarian profit dan sumber-sumber dari profit tersebut pada Bursa Efek Jakarta. Analisa empirisnya menjelaskan tentang dekomposisi dari contrarian profit yang bersumber dari reaksi common factor, overreaction pada firm specific information, dan profit yang tidak berhubungan dengan kedua hal tersebut. Hai ini mengacu pada penelitian yang pernah dilakukan oleh Jegadesh dan Titman (1995).Dalam penelitian ini, yang akan diamati adalah: (i) sub-sampel yang diurutkan berdasarkan ukuran yang telah disesuaikan setiap tahunnya, serta (ii) mencari sumber dari penelitian apakah contrarian profit berhubungan dengan musim Januari (January Effect).Penemuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketika komponen Januari di keluarkan dari penelitian, kontrarian profit di BEJ lebih terpengaruh pada sumber common factor daripada reaksi firm specific overreaction. Hal ini menunjukan adanya reaksi fenomena yang tertunda di BEJ terbatas pada pengaruh komponen januari.Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa: (1) Contrarian profit lebih bereaksi terhadap current return. (2) overreaction/ underreaction terhadap firm specific overreaction common factor lebih banyak memberikan kontribusi contrarian profit kepada kelompok saham besar. (3) Kelompok saham besar dilihat dari nilainya yang paling besar menunjukkan bahwa kelompok saham ini undefined terhadap contrarian profit.Hasil penelitian ini akan lebih kuat apabila peneliti diberikan kesempatan untuk mengembangkan variasi waktu dalam faktor sensitifitas."

"Terjadi fenomena retak tertunda (delayed crack) pada produk bucket tooth PT. X yang merupakan salah satu komponen pada excavator. Proses pembuatan produk bucket tooth melalui beberapa tahapan proses perlakuan panas mulai dari tahap pengecoran, normalisasi, lalu dilanjutkan dengan tempering. Kemudian austenisasi dan quenching dengan medium polialkilen glikol (PAG) dan terakhir adalah proses double tempering. Hasil pengamatan mikrostruktur menunjukkan terjadinya fenomena dekarburisasi pada bagian permukaan material baja HSLA yang terlihat dari semua sampel produk mulai dari hasil pengecoran hingga double tempering. Kemudian terlihat pula adanya struktur dendritik dan/atau zona transformasi yang tidak hilang dari tahap awal perlakuan panas hingga sampel produk hasil double tempering walaupun telah melalui poses perlakuan panas normalisasi. Ini mengindikasikan proses normalisasi yang dilakukan belum optimal untuk menyeragamkan mikrostruktur produk bucket tooth. Selain itu juga teridentifikasi adanya austenit sisa sebesar 2,8% pada mikrostruktur sampel produk hasil double tempering yang merupakan tahap akhir proses perlakuan panas pada pembuatan produk bucket tooth. Hal ini berisiko untuk memicu terjadinya delayed crack pada produk bucket tooth. Temuan tersebut juga didukung oleh hasil pengujian kekerasan microvickers yang menunjukkan nilai kekerasan sebesar 296 VHN pada area terang pengamatan mikrostruktur produk hasil double tempering yang berada dalam rentang nilai kekerasan austenit.

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Delayed cracking phenomenon occurs in the bucket tooth products of PT. X, which are one component of excavators. The bucket tooth productss making process goes through several stages of the heat treatment process starting from the casting, normalization, then proceed with tempering process. Then austenisation and quenching with polyalkylene glycol (PAG) medium and finally the double tempering process. Microstructure observation results show the phenomenon of decarburization on the surface of HSLA steel material which is seen from all product samples ranging from casting to double tempering. Then it also shows the dendritic structure and/or transformation zone that does not disappear from the initial stage of heat treatment to the sample of the double tempering product even though it has been through the normalized heat treatment process. This indicates that the normalization process is not optimal to uniform the bucket tooth product microstructure. In addition, 2,8% of the retained austenite was identified in the microstructure of the double tempering product sample which is the final stage of the heat treatment process in the production of bucket tooth products. This is a risk to trigger delayed cracks in bucket tooth products. This finding was also supported by the results of microvickers hardness testing which showed a hardness value of 296 VHN in the bright area of ​​of microstructure observation on double tempering product where in the range of the austenite hardness value."