Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kemampuan manajerial terhadap penghindaran pajak dan bagaimana pengaruh moderasi ketidakpastian lingkungan antara hubungan kemampuan manajerial terhadap penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 450 observasi dari 90 sampel perusahaan publik BEI selama periode 2011-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh negatif hubungan antara kemampuan manajerial dan penghindaran pajak, yang berarti bahwa manajer dengan kemampuan yang lebih tinggi terlibat dalam penghindaran pajak serta tidak menemukan pengaruh moderasi ketidakpastian lingkungan antara hubungan kemampuan manajerial terhadap penghindaran pajak. ...... This study examines the effect of managerial ability and tax avoidance and how the effect of environmental uncertainty moderation between the relationship of managerial ability on tax avoidance. This study uses 450 observations obtained from 90 samples of Indonesian listed companies during the period 2011 2015. The results show a negative relationship effect between managerial ability and tax avoidance, which means that managers with higher abilities are involved in tax avoidance and do not find the effect of environmental uncertainty moderation between the relationship of managerial ability to tax avoidance.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Recently, research on paradoxical strategies has been considered critical in winning in the competitive dynamic landscape, characterized by uncertainty and rapid changes in the business environment. Such environmental uncertainties require firm to apply paradoxical strategies; combining strategic flexibility and strategic consistency (Parnell, 1994). This study addresses three main questions: what is the effect of strategic flexibility on firm's performance; what is the contingent effect of perceived environmental uncertainty on the relationship between paradoxical strategies and firm's performance. Questionnaires were distributed to 131 CEOs or members of top management team of Indonesian commercial banks (including sharia banks); and the 59 returned responses were analyzed to test hypotheses. The results indicate that strategic flexibility has positive effect on bank's performance, while strategic consistency does not have significant effects o bank's performance. In terms of combining these two paradoxical strategies, the results of this study confirm that the effect of strategic flexibility on bank's performance depends on strategic consistency and environmental uncertainty.

Abstrak :
Recently, research on paradoxical strategies is receiving considerable attention from both researchers and practitioners. The value of paradoxical strategies is currently considered critical in increasing firm performance and winning in the competitive dynamic landscape, which is characterized by uncertainty and rapid changes in the industry and business environment (Barney and Hesterly, 2006). Such perceived environmental characteristics require firm to apply paradoxical strategies; combining strategic flexibility and strategic consistency (Pamell, 1994).

This study addresses four main questions. First, what is the effect of strategic flexibility on Erm performance. Second, what is the effect of strategic consistency on firm performance. Third, what is the effect of combining strategic flexibility and strategic consistency on firm performance. Fourth, what are the contingent effects of perceived environmental uncertainty on the relationship between paradoxical strategies and firm performance. This study conceprualizes the application of paradoxical strategies as a set of capabilities that enable an organization not only adapt to changing environmental conditions, but also to maintain current strategies and actions for a considerable period of time.

Recognizing the broad nature of strategic flexibility, it is measured in terms of pre-emptive moves, exploitative moves, protective moves, and corrective moves. Strategic consistency is measured in terms of proactive consistency and reactive consistency. Perceived environment is measured in terms of munificence, dynamism, and complexity. Overall firm perfonnance is measured in terms of financial performance and strategic performance, among others are profit, profitability, income, market share, position in the industry, and customer loyalty.

A survey was conducted in the Indonesian banking industry to measure the degree of perceived environmental uncertainty, the level of strategic flexibility and strategic consistency, and the resulting firm performance. Questionnaires were distributed to 131 CEOs or members of top management team of commercial banks (including sharia banks) and the 59 retumed responses were analyzed to test hypotheses.

The results indicate that strategic flexibility has positive effect on bank performance, while strategic consistency does not have positive effect on bank performance. In terms of combining these two paradoxical strategies, the results of this study conhnn that the effect of strategic flexibility on bank performance depends on strategic consistency and/or perceived environment. Contrary to expectation of this study, the effect of strategic consistency on bank performance insignificantly depends on perceived environment.

This study makes several important contributions to growing literature on paradoxical strategies and strategic management discipline. First, this study is one of limited researches on the effect of paradoxical strategies on firm performance. It examines the effect of combining paradoxical strategies on fum performance with considering perceived environmental uncertainty as the antecedent. Second, it also fills in the gap in previous study on managing paradoxes in service operations setting at the corporate/strategic level. Third, this study develops a set of measures of strategic consistency and strategic perfomrance that captures building on prior concepts.

The fundings in this study offer inputs for the development of banking industry in Indonesia. For bank management, to sustain its growth, banks should increase its infomation technology capabilities, which are mainly supported by flexible systems and knowledgeable people. For the banking regulator and the government agency alike, the inputs are as follows: carry out the detailed research on the impact of regulation and govemment policy on bank flexibility; take Bank NTT, Bank Jatim, and Bank Sumsel as samples for other regional development banks as the agile banks with high performance; create regulation and policy to drive innovative banking product development; encourage the commercial banks to undertake information technology investments to boost innovative financial products and services; create speciiic regulation about outsourcing service provider; and encourage further development of Internet banking services by improving system infrastructure environment, enabling policy and regulatory environment for this business, and building up a comprehensive e-security public policy framework.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kontinjen fit antara strategi bisnis dan ketidakpastian lingkungan, dan efeknya pada penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji peran Efektivitas Pengawasan Dewan Komisaris (BME) atas kontinjen fit antara strategi bisnis dan ketidakpastian lingkungan, dan perannya dalam pengaruh kontinjen fit strategi bisnis terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan ukuran baru yaitu ukuran Penghindaran Pajak dan Indeks Ketidakpastian Lingkungan yang terbukti secara statistik lebih baik dibandingkan ukuran lain. Menggunakan data dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2009-2012, studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam kondisi yang tidak pasti, kemungkinan perusahaan memilih strategi prospector lebih tinggi dari probabilitas memilih strategi analyzer. Namun studi ini tidak berhasil menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas perusahaan memilih strategi defender lebih tinggi dibandingkan probabilitas memilih strategi analyzer. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perusahaan yang cenderung memilih strategi prospector pada kondisi yang sangat tidak pasti (kontinjen fit antara strategi prospector dan ketidakpastian lingkungan) memiliki tingkat penghindaran pajak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan analyzer dan defender. Selain itu, dalam ketidakpastian lingkungan yang tinggi, tingkat penghindaran pajak strategi defender lebih rendah daripada strategi analyzer. Selanjutnya, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa ketidakpastian lingkungan memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dan positif dengan tingkat penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa BME memiliki efek positif, tidak hanya pada kontinjen fit antara strategi dan ketidakpastian lingkungan, tetapi juga pada pengaruh kontinjen fit prospector terhadap penghindaran pajak dibandingkan dengan analyzer dan defender. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pilihan strategi yang fit dengan ketidakpastian lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi tingkat penghindaran pajak perusahaan

---

ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the contingent fit between business strategy and environmental uncertainty, and its effect on corporate tax avoidance. This study also aims to examine the role of Board Monitoring Effectiveness (BME) on contingent fit between business strategy and environmental uncertainty, and its role on the relation of contingent fit of business strategy to Corporate Tax Avoidance. This study develops new measures of Tax Avoidance and Environmental Uncertainty Index, that statistically better than other measures. Using data from Indonesian listed companies for the period from 2009 to 2012, this study finds that under highly uncertain conditions, the probability of companies favoring prospector strategy is higher than the probability of choosing analyzer strategy. The study fails, however, to demonstrate that the probability of a firm choosing the defender strategy is higher than the probability of selecting analyzer strategy. The study also finds that companies inclined to pursue the prospector strategy under highly uncertain conditions (contingent fit between prospector strategy and environmental uncertainty) have a higher level of tax avoidance than that of the analyzer and defender strategies. Moreover, in a highly uncertain environment, the defender strategy precipitates a lower level of tax avoidance than the analyzer strategy. Furthermore, the study also finds that environmental uncertainty has a significant and positive correlation with the level of tax avoidance. This study reveals that BME has positive effect, not only, on the contingent fit between strategy and environmental uncertainty, but also on the effect of contingent fit between business strategy with environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance of prospector relative to the analyzer and defender. Therefore, the findings suggest that a strategy choice that fits with environmental uncertainty could affect the level of corporate tax avoidance

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kontinjen fit antara strategi bisnis dan ketidakpastian lingkungan, dan efeknya pada penghindaran pajak perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji peran Efektivitas Pengawasan Dewan Komisaris BME atas kontinjen fit antara strategi bisnis dan ketidakpastian lingkungan, dan perannya dalam pengaruh kontinjen fit strategi bisnis terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan ukuran baru yaitu ukuran Penghindaran Pajak dan Indeks Ketidakpastian Lingkungan yang terbukti secara statistik lebih baik dibandingkan ukuran lain. Menggunakan data dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2009-2012, studi ini menemukan bahwa dalam kondisi yang tidak pasti, kemungkinan perusahaan memilih strategi prospector lebih tinggi dari probabilitas memilih strategi analyzer. Namun studi ini tidak berhasil menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas perusahaan memilih strategi defender lebih tinggi dibandingkan probabilitas memilih strategi analyzer. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perusahaan yang cenderung memilih strategi prospector pada kondisi yang sangat tidak pasti kontinjen fit antara strategi prospector dan ketidakpastian lingkungan memiliki tingkat penghindaran pajak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan analyzer dan defender.Selain itu, dalam ketidakpastian lingkungan yang tinggi, tingkat penghindaran pajak strategi defender lebih rendah daripada strategi analyzer. Selanjutnya, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa ketidakpastian lingkungan memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dan positif dengan tingkat penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa BME memiliki efek positif, tidak hanya pada kontinjen fit antara strategi dan ketidakpastian lingkungan, tetapi juga pada pengaruh kontinjen fit prospector terhadap penghindaran pajak dibandingkan dengan analyzer dan defender. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pilihan strategi yang fit dengan ketidakpastian lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi tingkat penghindaran pajak perusahaan. ...... This study aims to examine the contingent fit between business strategy and environmental uncertainty, and its effect on corporate tax avoidance. This study also aims to examine the role of Board Monitoring Effectiveness BME on contingent fit between business strategy and environmental uncertainty, and its role on the relation of contingent fit of business strategy to Corporate Tax Avoidance. This study develops new measures of Tax Avoidance and Environmental Uncertainty Index, that statistically better than other measures.Using data from Indonesian listed companies for the period from 2009 to 2012, this study finds that under highly uncertain conditions, the probability of companies favoring prospector strategy is higher than the probability of choosing analyzer strategy. The study fails, however, to demonstrate that the probability of a firm choosing the defender strategy is higher than the probability of selecting analyzer strategy. The study also finds that companies inclined to pursue the prospector strategy under highly uncertain conditions contingent fit between prospector strategy and environmental uncertainty have a higher level of tax avoidance than that of the analyzer and defender strategies.Moreover, in a highly uncertain environment, the defender strategy precipitates a lower level of tax avoidance than the analyzer strategy. Furthermore, the study also finds that environmental uncertainty has a significant and positive correlation with the level of tax avoidance. This study reveals that BME has positive effect, not only, on the contingent fit between strategy and environmental uncertainty, but also on the effect of contingent fit between business strategy with environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance of prospector relative to the analyzer and defender. Therefore, the findings suggest that a strategy choice that fits with environmental uncertainty could affect the level of corporate tax avoidance.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini memperluas perspektif manajemen laba riil, dengan mengkritisi manajemen laba riil tidak hanya sebagai suatu penyimpangan dari operasi normal perusahaan tapi juga merupakan implementasi strategi fungsional perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan kontinjensi antara ketidakpastian lingkungan, strategi bisnis, dan manajemen laba riil terhadap kinerja operasi masa datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan total observasi 1.300 sampel perusahaan terbuka di Indonesia dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan 2010. Dalam mengolah data, penelitian ini menggunakan model persamaan struktural. Temuan empiris penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan strategi defender melakukan manajemen laba riil lebih besar dibanding prospector, dan kontinjen fit antara ketidakpastian lingkungan dan orientasi strategi bisnis defender secara positif berdampak terhadap tindakan manajemen laba riil yang dilakukan perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tanpa mempertimbangkan kesesuaian dengan strategi bisnis, manajemen laba riil secara negatif mempengaruhi kinerja operasi masa datang. Hasil ini mendukung proposisi bahwa manajemen laba riil cenderung bersifat oportunistik.Terakhir, dengan mempertimbangkan kontinjen fit antara strategi bisnis dan manajemen laba riil, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengaruh negatif hubungan tidak langsung antara strategi bisnis dengan manajemen laba riil terhadap kinerja operasi masa datang secara signifikan lebih kecil daripada dampak langsung manajemen laba riil. ...... This research broadens the real earnings management perspective, criticizing real earnings management not only as a deviation from a company rsquo s normal operation but also as part of a company rsquo s functional strategy. This research aims to investigate the contingent relationship between environment uncertainty, business strategy, and real earnings management to future operational performance. This research used total observations sample of 1.300 firm years from public companies in Indonesia during the period 2005 ndash 2010. The research applied Structural Equation Modelling SEM. The empirical findings show that companies with a defender strategy conduct more real earnings management that prospector and contingent fit between environment uncertainties and business strategy orientation of defender affected firm real earnings management actions. This research also finds that without considering business strategy, real earnings management negatively affects future performance. This result supports the proposition that real earnings management tends to be carried out opportunistically by management.Last, by considering the contingency fit between business strategies and real earnings management, this research finds that the indirect negative impact of business strategy and real earnings management on future performance is significantly smaller than the direct impact of real earnings management.

Abstrak :
Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) bertanggung jawab menjalankan strategi kantor pusat guna memperoleh laba, melaksanakan program dan kewajiban publik, menjaga viabilitas bisnis perusahaan, melayani pelanggan, dan mengelola karyawan. Hal ini mendorong pemimpin cabang untuk mengeksplorasi lingkungan mereka sekaligus menghadapi konflik target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dampak aktivitas boundary spanning dan orkestrasi sumber daya yang dilakukan pemimpin cabang terhadap kinerja kantor cabang dalam dinamika ketidakpastian lingkungan dan konflik target. Penelitian ini menggunakan structural equation modeling pada salah satu bank BUMN paling terkemuka di Indonesia, dengan 201 kantor cabang sebagai unit analisis dan 186 pemimpin cabang sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas boundary spanning memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan orkestrasi sumber daya. Sementara itu, aktivitas boundary spanning dan orkestrasi sumber daya keduanya memengaruhi kinerja kantor cabang. Namun, pengaruh tersebut sangat bervariasi tergantung pada ketidakpastian lingkungan dan konflik target yang dialami oleh pemimpin cabang. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan fenomena menarik bahwa konflik target tidak mengurangi aktivitas boundary spanning, melainkan justru meningkatkannya, meskipun tidak berdampak pada orkestrasi sumber daya. Hal ini erat kaitannya dengan budaya Indonesia sebagai bangsa yang memiliki jarak kekuasaan yang tinggi, individualisme yang rendah, maskulinitas yang rendah, dan pemanjaan diri yang rendah, yang mencerminkan preferensi untuk mengutamakan keharmonisan di tempat kerja, menaati atasan, dan bersikap loyal terhadap tempat kerja. ......State-owned enterprises have responsibilities to conduct head office’s strategies to make profits, to execute public programs and obligations, to maintain their viabilities, to serve customers, and to manage employees. Those prompt their branch managers not only to explore their environment but also to face a goal conflict situation. This study is to investigate the effects of branch managers’ boundary spanning activities and resource orchestration on the performance of branch offices in the dynamics of environmental uncertainty and goal conflict. This study employs structural equation modeling on one of the most prominent state-owned banks in Indonesia, with 201 branch offices as the unit of analysis, and 186 branch managers as respondents. The results of this study show that boundary spanning activities have a positive and significant relationship with resource orchestration. Meanwhile, both boundary spanning activities and resource orchestration are to influence the performance of branch offices. However, the influence varies widely, depending on environmental uncertainty and goal conflict experienced by branch managers. Furthermore, this study delves into an interesting phenomenon, that goal conflict situation, instead of reducing boundary spanning activities, it increases them but has no impact on resource orchestration. This closely relates to the culture of Indonesia as a nation with high power distance, low individualism, low masculinity, and low indulgence which represent preferences to prioritize workplace harmony, obey supervisors, and be loyal to the workplace.