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"[ABSTRAKPanji Angreni merupakan karya sastra yang disalin pada tahun Jawa 1723 atau1795 dari suatu teks abad ke-17 yang?sayang?tidak diketahui teks induknya,pada masa ?budaya lisan kedua?. Teks dibingkai dengan sekar macapat, terdiriatas 48 pupuh ?bab? dan meliputi 1.983 pada ?bait?. Jarak budaya menimbulkanpertanyaan: bagaimana ?cara membaca? PA bagi pembaca masa kini. Dalam halini ?cara membaca? merujuk pada pemaknaan, karena bagaimanapun maknasastra lama dapat dipahami jika ada keakraban antara pembaca dan konvensi padazamannya. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa PA, sebagai teks tulis, menujukkan ciricirikelisanan melalui formula/formulaik. Keberpautan antara kelisanan dankeberaksaraan ditunjukkan oleh macapat sebagai bingkai teks: membaca teks yangdibingkai macapat harus dinyanyikan karena aturan formal pembaitan macapatsekaligus bertautan dengan tata susun nada. Pembacaan teks dengan caraditembangkan seturut tata susun nada akan menghasilkan makna secara padu?baik tekstual maupun keindahan: kisahan, leksikal, tematik dan bunyi (segmentalsuprasegmental-musikal). Membaca PA seyogianya juga memahami pakeliran?pergelaran wayang? kerena adanya tapak-tapak pakeliran pada PA.;

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ABSTRACTPanji Angreni is a literature work which was copied in the Javanese year of 1723or 1795 AD from 17th century text in the era of ?secondary oral culture? that?unfortunately?was not known for its first hand manuscript. The text of PanjiAngreni is framed by macapat?s songs that consist of 48 cantos ?chapters? andcover 1,983 couplets ?stanzas?. A cultural distance raises a questions on ?how ?toread? Panji Angreni to current readers?? The ?how to read? phrase refers to themeaning, because an old literature meaning can be understood if there is afamiliarity between a reader and conventions text era. Analysis showed that PanjiAngreni, as written text, has literacy characteristic through formula/formulaic. Aninterlocking between orality and literacy is shown by macapat as atext frame;wheres reading a text that is framed by macapat should be sung because formalrules in macapat?s stanzas are engaged to tone row order. Reading the text bysinging it in accordance to tone row order will result in coherent meaning, bothtextual an beauty meaning, particulary in narratives, lexical, thematic and sound(segmental-suprasegmantal-musical). Moreover, those who reading Panji Angrenishould also understand pakeliran ?leather puppet performance story? because thereare many tracs of pakeliran in Panji Angreni.;Panji Angreni is a literature work which was copied in the Javanese year of 1723or 1795 AD from 17th century text in the era of ?secondary oral culture? that?unfortunately?was not known for its first hand manuscript. The text of PanjiAngreni is framed by macapat?s songs that consist of 48 cantos ?chapters? andcover 1,983 couplets ?stanzas?. A cultural distance raises a questions on ?how ?toread? Panji Angreni to current readers?? The ?how to read? phrase refers to themeaning, because an old literature meaning can be understood if there is afamiliarity between a reader and conventions text era. Analysis showed that PanjiAngreni, as written text, has literacy characteristic through formula/formulaic. Aninterlocking between orality and literacy is shown by macapat as atext frame;wheres reading a text that is framed by macapat should be sung because formalrules in macapat?s stanzas are engaged to tone row order. Reading the text bysinging it in accordance to tone row order will result in coherent meaning, bothtextual an beauty meaning, particulary in narratives, lexical, thematic and sound(segmental-suprasegmantal-musical). Moreover, those who reading Panji Angrenishould also understand pakeliran ?leather puppet performance story? because thereare many tracs of pakeliran in Panji Angreni., Panji Angreni is a literature work which was copied in the Javanese year of 1723or 1795 AD from 17th century text in the era of “secondary oral culture” that—unfortunately—was not known for its first hand manuscript. The text of PanjiAngreni is framed by macapat’s songs that consist of 48 cantos ‘chapters’ andcover 1,983 couplets ‘stanzas’. A cultural distance raises a questions on ‘how “toread” Panji Angreni to current readers?’ The “how to read” phrase refers to themeaning, because an old literature meaning can be understood if there is afamiliarity between a reader and conventions text era. Analysis showed that PanjiAngreni, as written text, has literacy characteristic through formula/formulaic. Aninterlocking between orality and literacy is shown by macapat as atext frame;wheres reading a text that is framed by macapat should be sung because formalrules in macapat’s stanzas are engaged to tone row order. Reading the text bysinging it in accordance to tone row order will result in coherent meaning, bothtextual an beauty meaning, particulary in narratives, lexical, thematic and sound(segmental-suprasegmantal-musical). Moreover, those who reading Panji Angrenishould also understand pakeliran ‘leather puppet performance story’ because thereare many tracs of pakeliran in Panji Angreni.]"

"ABSTRAKKantor pusat dan anak perusahaan, terutama dalam hal perhatian, telah mendapat perhatian besar pada penelitiandi bidang bisnis internasional selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan metode tinjauan literatur, makalahini akan membahas konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan jarak budaya dan perhatian, serta temuan danmengusulkan konsep baru tentang bagaimana jarak budaya mempengaruhi perhatian baik positif dan negatif(kontrol) yang diberikan oleh kantor pusat terhadap anak perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adapengaruh jarak budaya pada jumlah perhatian yang diberikan terhadap anak perusahaan. Namun, penelitianlebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami hubungan antara jarak budaya dan perhatian.

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ABSTRACTHeadquarters and subsidiary relationships, especially in terms of attention, have received increasing researchattention in the field of international business during recent years. Based on the literature review method, thispaper will discuss concepts related to cultural distance and attention, as well as finding and proposing newconcepts on how cultural distance affects both positive and negative attention (control) exerted by headquarterstowards a subsidiary. The research shows that there is an effect of cultural distance on the amount of attentiongiven towards a subsidiary. However, further research is needed to understand the relationship between culturaldistance and attention."

"The term "globalization" was first coined in the 1970s, with its use becoming more widespread in the 1990s when international trade with developing countries boomed (O’rourke, 2002). With the exchange rate as one of the antecedents of trade which in practice fluctuate daily, the dynamics behind its fluctuations created the need for exchange rate volatility aiming to minimize risk in international trade. This paper aims to analyze the effects of exchange rate volatility on the export and import activities of the mineral industry between Indonesia and G20 countries from 1990 until 2020 using an OLS regression model. In addition to the explanatory variable, this model includes the variables of the gravity model, with cultural distance substituting physical distance to emphasize the importance of trade relations. The model seeks to predict the factors affecting the bilateral connections between Indonesia and G20 countries. Such analysis shows that the exchange rate volatility has an insignificant positive relationship with export quantity yet a significant positive relationship with import quantity. This study, therefore, provides evidence for exchange rate volatility affecting import quantity positively.

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Istilah "globalisasi" pertama kali diciptakan pada tahun 1970-an, dengan penggunaannya menjadi lebih luas pada tahun 1990-an ketika perdagangan internasional dengan negara-negara berkembang melonjak (O’rourke, 2002). Dengan nilai tukar sebagai salah satu pendahulu perdagangan yang dalam praktiknya berfluktuasi setiap hari, dinamika di balik fluktuasinya menciptakan kebutuhan akan volatilitas nilai tukar yang bertujuan untuk meminimalkan risiko dalam perdagangan internasional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek volatilitas nilai tukar terhadap kegiatan ekspor dan impor industri mineral antara Indonesia dan negara-negara G20 dari tahun 1990 hingga 2020 dengan menggunakan model regresi OLS. Selain variabel penjelas, model ini mencakup variabel-variabel dari model gravitasi, dengan jarak budaya menggantikan jarak fisik untuk menekankan pentingnya hubungan perdagangan. Model ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan bilateral antara Indonesia dan negara-negara G20. Analisis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas nilai tukar memiliki hubungan positif yang tidak signifikan dengan jumlah ekspor namun memiliki hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan jumlah impor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memberikan bukti bahwa volatilitas nilai tukar mempengaruhi jumlah impor secara positif."