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"Kesadaran menjadi salah satu indikator suatu makhluk hidup. Tidak hanya itu, kesadaran memiliki jangkauan ruang yang luas dan kompleks dalam proses memahaminya. Hal ini membuat sulitnya akses kita sebagai manusia dalam memahami dan mendefinisikan bagaimana kesadaran ini bekerja. Permasalahan ini dibuktikan dengan hadirnya berbagai disiplin yang mulai menjajaki permasalahan kesadaran, yang sejatinya ini merupakan permasalahan mendasar dari filsafat tradisional. Begitu pula dengan pasangan filsuf asal Amerika ini, yaitu Patricia Churchland dan Paul Churchland. Mereka melahirkan disiplin baru dengan menggunakan pendekatan interdisiplin antara neuron dan filsafat, yaitu neurofilosofi. Neurofilosofi ini akan menjelaskan konsepsi kesadaran secara lebih kompleks dan komprehensif, melihat pendekatannya yang cukup luas dan berani. Namun, dalam hal ini neurofilosofi tidak dapat menjelaskan kesadaran sebagai qualia. Kesadaran disini hanya mengandalkan saraf aktif dalam membentuk sistematika kesadaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis komparatif antara disiplin ilmu saraf dan filsafat. Keeksistensian ilmu ini akan menjadi pertanyaan yang membuka cakrawala baru, karena pada dasarnya pendekatan interdisiplin yang digunakan pada ilmu ini sudah membuka ruang dan celah diskusi yang lebih kompleks. Ilmu ini nantinya akan memberikan celah dalam upayanya memaknai manusia pada masa mendatang.

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Consciousness is an indicator of a living creature. Not only that, consciousness has a wide and complex spatial reach in the process of understanding it. This makes it difficult for us as humans to understand and define how this consciousness works. This problem is proven by the presence of various disciplines that are starting to explore the problem of consciousness, which is actually a fundamental problem of traditional philosophy. Likewise with this pair of philosophers from America, namely Patricia Churchland and Paul Churchland. They gave birth to a new discipline using an interdisciplinary approach between neurons and philosophy, namely neurophilosophy. This neurophilosophy will explain the concept of consciousness in a more complex and comprehensive way, considering its approach is quite broad and bold. However, in this case neurophilosophy cannot explain consciousness as qualia. Consciousness here only relies on active nerves in forming systematic consciousness. This research uses a qualitative approach with comparative analysis methods between the disciplines of neuroscience and philosophy. The existence of this science will be a question that opens new horizons, because basically the interdisciplinary approach used in this science has opened up space and gaps for more complex discussions. This knowledge will provide a gap in efforts to understand humans in the future."

"ABSTRAKAdagium Pesantren sebagai lembaga yang tidak menjaga kesehatan lingkungan perlu dibuktikan secara ilmiah. Tentunya citra buruk ini menjadi beban dalam upaya mendudukan pesantren sebagai lembaga yang peduli terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Pesantren, diakui atau tidak, telah memberikan alternatif pendidikan bagi umat Islam Indonesia terutama yang menginginkan pendalaman materi keagamaan. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, lembaga pesantren tidak terbatas memberikan pelayanan pendidikan kepada anak-anak sekitar lembaga tersebut berada, bahkan lebih luas. Pesantren Nurul Hidayah yang berlokasi di Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor memiliki keunikan tersendiri. Hiruk pikuk modernitas yang terus menyebar ke pelosok desa tidak menyurutkan pesantren tersebut mempertahankan tradisionalisme ( assalafiyah) sebagai cara pandang dalam mengamalkan dan mengajarkan ajaran-ajaran agama. Fenomena ini membuat Nurul Hidayah memiliki en lain. Pesantren umumnya selalu dijadikan teladan (rujukan) bagi masyarakat yang lain, termasuk dalam hal kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian terhadap pesantren ini adalah berupaya menganalisis kesadaran santri terhadap kesehatan lingkungan sesuai dengan pengetahuan nilai-nilai keagamaan yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan hidup dan kesehatan; menganalisis upaya yang dilakukan para santri dalam memanfaatkan infrastruktur atau sarana dan prasarana yang menjadi indikator kesehatan lingkungan hidup di pesantren; menganalisis upaya manajemen pendidikan keagamaan yang diterapkan pesantren dalam mendukung para santri untuk sadar lingkungan terutama upaya menjaga kesehatan lingkungan hidup. Pesantren Nurul Hidayah, yang memiliki santri 420 orang memberikan suatu gambaran lain mengenai sebuah pesantren pada umumnya. Lokasi pesantren ini sangat terbuka dengan masyarakat, sehingga arus komunikasi dan informasi terus menerus terjadi setiap saat. Keadaan ini membuat pesantren semakin dekat dengan masyarakat. Kedekatan inilah yang secara tidak sadar menjadi kontrol yang kuat kepada para santri untuk selalu menjaga citra yang baik. Salah satu citra yang ditimbulkan adalah objek yang kasat mata, yang dilihat langsung, yaitu kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Tentunya, keadaan ini membuat para Ustaz dan Kyai berupaya menyadarkan para santri untuk menjaga kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Upaya-upaya yang telah dilakukan, selain mengisi anjuran setiap mengaji, Kyai dan ustaz serta para pengurus santri membuat sebuah program dan aturan yang dikelola secara rutin dan berkelanjutan. Program ini cukup, efektif, karena selain impelementasi, para santri juga menyadari secara umum mengenai pentingnya kebersihan dan kesehatan lingkungan. Kesadaran inilah yang kali pertama dimunculkan dengan sebuah pengetahuan atau pengajaran tentang kebersihan seperti yang diajarkan para Kyai dan ustaz dalam Al Qur?an dan Al Hadits. Pengetahuan ini yang menimbulkan sebuah pemahaman ( verstehen) yang mendalam akan pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan seperti yang dianjurkan oleh Al- Qur?an dan Al Hadits.

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ABSTRACT

The Pesantren institution is not limited only for giving education service of people live around, but also for people outside the area who come to study the religious knowledge at there. Santri study at Pesantren, live and remain at boarding houses built by Kyai (Muslim scholar). The higher amounts of santri live and remain at boarding houses during they are studying Islamic knowledge, the higher problems emerge. The problem encountered by the institution is preparing and supplying needs of santri during they are studying there; such as building boarding houses, supplying the clean water for daily needs (drinking, having meal, bathing, and washing), loosing the bowels, and other solid and liquid disposals. Man always lives interacting with his environment in persistence. The interaction gives experiences. The observation and experience will cause ?image of environment? which describes about life experience. If a man whose image of environment is negative that means he does not understand how importance of preserving environmental functions for viability and life, the man tends to be apathetic about his environment. That negative image of environment drives various environmental problems. Consequently, it will affect for all structures of life including man himself. Man holds the essential role of managing ecosystem, yet man also carries destruction of the system. Therefore, it needs man?s awareness about functions of ecosystem. This awareness deeply related with man position which is central among other creature. The awareness toward environment turns up from man ability to understand about ecosystem functions for his life. That understanding is based on knowledge belongs to an individual or community derived through experience as well as information of ecosystem. The research is a case study, which means the approach orients to maintain the wholeness of the researched object. Moreover, as the case study, this research is able to study, explore, or interpret particular case naturally in its context without any interference. Whereas viewed from aspect of selecting case, the research is categorized as instrumental case study, which prefers to elaborate and prove the theory made before. Data is collected and studied as the massive wholeness (integrated) which head for bolster deeper knowledge about the researched object. This case study asserts to develop hypothesis designed as work hypothesis. The developing of the hypothesis is through collecting data/information by observation and indepth interview technique. Viewed from the nature of study, the research uses qualitative approach grounded in facts. It orients to give detail description of background of natures, exclusive character of the case, and the general status of the related case. Pesantren Nurul Hidayah has 420 santri, giving another picture about a pesantren in general. The location of the pesantren is open-air for society, so those communication and information streams occur persistently in any time. This xvi closeness unconsciously becomes a strong control for santri to keep their good image. One of images controlled by is visible object and directed sight that is cleanliness and environmental health. This condition insists ustadz (teachers) and kyai bring santri round to keep cleanliness and environmental health. The efforts conducted are besides they give advices during they are studying, kyai, ustdaz and santri board create programs and rules which are managed continually and routinely. The program is quite effective because it is not only implementation, but also santri realize generally about cleanliness as thought by ustadz and kyai derived from al- Qur?an and Hadith massages. The knowledge causes deep understanding ( versetehen) of importance of clean environment as withdrawn by those two Islamic sources. This phenomenon will raise the image gives argumentation about santri?s behaviour and implementation toward the environmental health of pesantren. The image can not be valued by their selves, because it comes from other?s interpretation about the pesantren condition. From environmental awareness aspect, several primary aspects of the image can be viewed from the advancement of amount of santri come to study in every year. Furthermore, Pesantren Nurul Hidayah is more openly for society; interaction with surrounding is tight, attitude of helping each other, mutual assistance, voluntary work, and night watch etc. become evidences of that image of pesantren leads to the better level. In this field, researcher gives conclusions: 1) knowledge, attitude and behaviour of pesantren community, especially santri, indicate good response and high care on any efforts and attempts of environmental management which support the healthy life condition. 2) Efforts of pasantren in supplying infrastructure of health which is related with ecosystem by creating rules and regulations state all pesantren inhabitants are necessary to keep and create cleanliness and beauty of environment and also to give punishment for regulation violators. They should conduct program of cleaning environment in daily and weekly as well as supply cleaning equipments/devices, and the disposal spot and obliteration. Besides that, the santri board or santri organization is established as the programs implementer as well as implementing function of control. 3) Process of managing environment is norm and value of santri life which bears the life philosophy of self-help and considered as the worship (ibadah). Togetherness becomes a basis and responsibility of santri community who live together. The program of clean environment and healthy as well as implementing punishment for the violators, are in the form of such the program of clean Friday (jumat) and contest of cleanliness of religious institutions. The realization of those programs needs further support from competent institution in delivering health counseling. Some of the handicaps are process of ecosystem supports health is fund and hygienist and none of a subject that is dealt generally with environment. 4) The image made in very long time is not true which states santri and pesantren are slovenly, exclusive, anti-social, and irresponsible. Some evidences in semiotic study point out alteration or transition of image into better toward the santri life. The suggestions will be offered by the researcher are: 1) to increase more cooperation among related and competent institutions through designing integrated programs of advancing society especially pesantren community in order to increase ecosystem quality support the health. 2) to develop efforts of socializing ecosystem functions to society and pesantren community trough both counseling and program of simulation of ecosystem functions persistently by related institutions. 3) to xvii allocate government aids in both hardware and software which are dealt directly with efforts of enhancing ecosystem quality, such supplying books, magazines, brochures, and cleaning devices and hygienists for pesantren. 4) to attempt to design particular curriculum of ecosystem-based religious education. The curriculum is very essential; furthermore santri in the future will become leader assigned as model for other communities."

"Penelitian ini menguji tingkat kesadaran UMKM terhadap perpajakannya yang diukur melalui 3 hal. Pertama dilihat dari karakteristik seperti pendidikan terakhir, lama usaha, ukuran usaha, kepemilikan NPWP badan, serta Informasi dan sosialisasi dari responden itu sendiri terhadap pengetahuan dan pemahaman akan pajaknya. Kedua apakah pengetahuan dan pemahaman para UMKM nantinya akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan untuk membayar pajak. Ketiga rencana pemerintah akan mengenakan pajak pada UKM dalam rangka memperluas potensial wajib pajak. Oleh karena itu pemerintah telah membuat draf Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) khusus untuk UKM agar dapat menjaring wajib pajak lebih banyak lagi. Data Penelitian ini di dapat dari 75 responden yang tersebar di Indonesia.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan dan pemahaman para UMKM masih tergolong minim. Karakteristik yang mempunyai hubungan positif signifikan ditunjukkan dengan kepemilikan NPWP badan dan lamanya usaha berdiri. Semakin baik pengetahuan dan pemahaman pajak maka akan diikuti dengan meningkatnya kepatuhan membayar pajak. Tidak banyak UMKM yang mengetahui adanya draf PP tersebut. UMKM mendukung rencana pengenaan tarif pajak 3% jika pengenaannya di lakukan secara adil.

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This study examined the level of awareness of SMEs on its taxation which is measured by three factors. First, the characteristics such as education, age of business, business size, ownership of entity tax ID, and information and dissemination of the respondent itself against the knowledge and understanding of the tax. Second, the taxation knowledge and understanding of the SMEs will affect compliance to pay taxes. Third, the government's plan to impose a tax on the potential of SMEs in order to expand the tax payer. Therefore, the government has made a draft Government Regulation (PP) for SMEs in order to attract more taxpayers. The research data obtained from 75 respondents spread in Indonesia.

The results of this study indicates that knowledge and understanding of the SMEs is still relatively low. The characteristics that have positive and significant relationship are the ownership tax ID and the lenght of the business. The better tax knowledge and understanding, the better the tax compliance. Many SMEs do not know the existence of the draft regulation. SMEs support the imposition of 3% tentative tax rate if the imposition is done fairly."

"TikTok semakin popular di kalangan mahasiswa di seluruh dunia. Tingginya frekuensi penggunaan TikTok disebabkan oleh konten yang terus muncul akibat dari algoritma berdasarkan isi konten yang diakses oleh pengguna. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan hubungan antara frekuensi mengakses TikTok dengan kondisi kesehatan mental mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara frekuensi penggunaan TikTok,selfesteem, dan conscientiousness pada mahasiswa internasional di Universitas Quenssland. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe korelasional dan desain crosssectional. Partisipan terdiri dari 381 mahasiswa internasional di Universitas Queensland, dengan rentang usia 18 hingga 24 tahun. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara daring dengan teknik sampling aksidental. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan secara statistik antara frekuensi penggunaan TikTok dan self-esteem . Selanjutnya, peneliti juga menemukan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan secara statistik antara frekuensi konsumsi TikTok dan conscientiousness. Hasil ini memberikan gambaran tentang aspek psikologis yang relevan untuk memahami pengguna TikTok sebagai dasar intervensi.

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TikTok's popularity among students globally is soaring due to its algorithm-driven content generation. Research has linked frequent TikTok use with students' mental health. This study investigated the link between TikTok use frequency, self-esteem, and conscientiousness among 381 international students (aged 18-24) at the University of Queensland. Using a qualitative, correlational, cross-sectional approach, data was collected online via accidental sampling. Results indicated a significant negative correlation between TikTok consumption and self-esteem. Similar result was also found significant negative correlation between TikTok consumption and conscientiousness. These findings provide prospective insights on psychological aspects crucial for interventions aimed at understanding TikTok users better."

"ABSTRAKLaporan ini merupakan hasil dan evaluasi pelaksanaan program motivasi danmenanamkan kesadaran menabung pada keluarga di komunitas Al Bahar.Program intervensi ini dilakukan untuk memberikan pengetahuan tambahantentang pendidikan menabung dan memotivasi perilaku menabung sehinggawarga dapat membantu dirinya sendiri keluar dari lingkaran kemiskinan. Metodeyang digunakan adalah Experiential Learning Lewin (1944) dan teori motivasiKlenginna (1981). Secara umum, program intervensi ini berhasil dilakukan,bahkan ibu mulai mempraktekkan menabung, meskipun perilaku tersebut harusterus diberi penguatan supaya menjadi perilaku baru yang menetap. Latar belakangmotivasi perilaku menabung ibu juga didiskusikan dalam laporan ini.

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ABSTRACTIn order to prevent perpetual poverty in a low socioeconomic status community,an intervention programme was conducted in A1 Bahar area. The interventionprogramme intended to raise awareness and motivation toward saving money. Themethods used in this programme were Lewin’s Experiential Learning (1944) andKlenginna’s motivational theory (1981). In general, the result showedperformance in saving money improved even though mothers/wives need morereinforcements to keep the sustainability of the behaviour. The motivationalbackground of saving money behaviour was discussed."

"Melihat maraknya berita di media massa terkait tindak kekerasan majikan terhadap TKW-PRT, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui relasi kekuasaan yang terjadi antara majikan dan TKW-PRT di Malaysia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Informan pada penelitian ini adalah majikan berwarganegara Malaysia dan TKWPRT Indonesia yang bekerja di Malaysia. Relasi kekuasaan yang terjadi antara majikan dan TKW-PRT bersifat eksploitatif. Faktor budaya, karakter individu, stereotipe, dan pengalaman mempengaruhi terjadinya relasi kekuasaan Pekerjaan sebagai TKW-PRT mengalienasi individu dari produk kerjanya dan masyarakat luas. Adanya kecenderungan terjadinya kesadaran palsu pada TKW-PRT sehingga mengorbankan pemenuhan kebutuhan dirinya. Konflik terjadi terkait hak-hak TKWPRT yang tidak dipenuhi majikan. Hubungan emosional berfungsi meredam konflik majikan dan TKW-PRT. Kesadaran kelas (class struggle) antara TKW-PRT belum terealisasi disebabkan oleh ketergantungan akan upah dari majikan.

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As the news rampant in mass media related to the act of violence towards the Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT), this study is intended to know the power relations that occur between employees and Indonesian domestic workers in Malaysia. This research is currently using the qualitative method. The informers in this study is the employee of Malaysian citizens and Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT) from Indonesia works in Malaysia in order to view the power relations. Power relations that occur between employee and Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT) is nature exploitative. The factor of culture, individual character, stereotype and experiences influence the occurrence of power relations of employment as the Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT). Therefore, it will alienated the individual from her work product and societies. The occurrence of false consciousness towards the Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT) until she sacrifice her self-fulfillment. Conflicts occur related to the rights of Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT) that is not filled by the employee. Emotional relationship is functionate on muffling the conflict of the employee and the Indonesian domestic workers (TKW-PRT). Class consciousness (class struggle) between the domestic workers is still not being realised due to the demands of salary from employee."

"Studi kesadaran yang meliputi pekerjaan philosophy of mind, neurosains, dan psikologi, berpegang pada prinsip naturalistik terhadap kesadaran, mampu menerangkan tindak kesadaran. Namun, studi kesadaran itu tidak mampu memberikan eksplanasi epistemik bagaimana yang fisikal (otak) membangkitkan yang mental (kesadaran). Ini adalah afirmasi filosofis ketidakcukupan studi kesadaran.

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Consciousness study, including the work of philosophy of mind, neurosciences, and psychology, holds onto naturalistic principle of consciousness, and is able to explain consciousness behavior. But, the study unable to give epistemic explanation on how the physical states (brain/neural) give rise to the mental (consciousness). This is the philosophical affirmation of insufficiency of study of consciousness."