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"Obesitas menjadi tantangan serius di dunia. Konsumsi protein adalah salah satu faktor penting yang berkontribusi terhadap regulasi lemak tubuh, tetapi informasi mengenai sumber protein specific dan pengaruhnya terhadap regulasi lemak di negara berkembang masih terbatas. Sehingga, peneliti ingin mengetahui hubungan antara asupan protein dan sumbernya dengan obesitas pada orang dewasa di Indonesia. Studi cross-sectional ini melibatkan 167 orang dewasa berusia 19-50 tahun di perkotaan Jakarta Timur. Asupan protein didapatkan dari repeated 24H Recall yang diklasifikasikan sebagai asupan rendah dan tinggi protein. Persentase lemak tubuh diukur dengan metode Air Displacement Plethysmograph yang diklasifikasikan sebagai obesitas wanita (>33%) dan obesitas pria (>25%). Sekitar 69% subjek mengalami obesitas. Sumber utama asupan protein nabati dan hewani berasal dari sereal dan produknya (median =11,3 gr/hari atau 22,9% dari total protein), dan unggas (median =7,85 gr/hari atau 15,9% dari total protein). Setelah penyesuaian terhadap status perkawinan dan jenis kelamin mendapatkan hasil bahwa asupan tinggi protein tidak berhubungan dengan obesitas (OR 1,84, p-value = 0,15), dan jenis asupan protein hewani atau nabati tidak berhubungan dengan obesitas (OR protein hewan 0879, p-value = 0,69; OR protein nabati 0,95, p-value =0,98). Promosi jenis konsumsi protein harus diperhatikan agar berhasil menurunkan prevalensi obesitas di negara ini.

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Obesity is becoming a serious challenge worldwide. Protein consumption is one of the important contributing factors to body fat regulation, but existing information has limitedly explored type of protein and its influence for fat regulation in developing world. Therefore, we investigated the association between protein intake and its sources with obesity. This cross-sectional study involved 167 adults aged in East Jakarta. Protein intake were collected from repeated 24-hour recalls that was classified as low and high intake. Body fat percentage was measured by Air Displacement Plethysmograph method and classified as female obese (>33%) and male obese (>25%). About 69% of subjects were obese. The main sources of plant and animal protein intake came from cereals and its products (median=11.3 gr/day or 22.9% of protein intake), and white meat (median=7.85 gr/day or 15.9% of protein intake), respectively. After adjustment for marital status and sex those who had higher protein intake did not associated with being obese (Adjusted OR 1.84, p-value=0.15), while, animal-plant protein intake was not associated with obesity (Adjusted OR 0.879 animal protein, p-value=0.69; OR 0.95 plant protein, p-value=0.98). The promotion of type of protein consumption must be concerning to successfully lower the prevalence of obesity in the country."

"Kejadian stunting pada masa anak-anak masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas, 2013) prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 5-12 di Indonesia sebesar 30,7%. Faktor nutrisi telah diketahui sebagai penyebab kejadian stunting. Namun, beberapa penelitian menemukan adanya kontribusi genetik terhadap penyerapan kalsium yang akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, yaitu gen vitamin D receptor (VDR). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor genetik dan nutrisi terhadap height-for-age Z-core (HAZ) pada anak sekolah dasar di kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dan dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini melibatkan 142 anak sekolah dasar berusia 8-10 tahun. Pengukuran tinggi badan dilakukan untuk menghitung HAZ pada anak-anak. Asupan energi, protein, kalsium dan vitamin D diperoleh dengan 24-hour dietary recall selama 4 hari. Dua SNP yang terletak pada daerah promoter dari gen VDR dipilih (rs11568820 dan rs4516035); dan distribusi genotipnya dianalisis menggunakan Real Time PCR. Faktor lain seperti karakteristik sosiodemografi, riwayat penyakit menular dan skor paparan sinar matahari diperoleh dengan kuesioner terstruktur, dan kuesioner paparan sinar matahari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting sebesar 21,8%. Asupan makan sebagian besar kurang terpenuhi, khususnya asupan kalsium dan vitamin D. Distribusi genotip rs11568820 adalah TT (19%), CT (43,7%) dan CC (37,3%). Sedangkan distribusi genotip rs4516035 adalah TT (90,8%) dan CT (9,2%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara asupan energi dan protein terhadap HAZ (p=0,030 dan p=0,016), tetapi tidak pada asupan kalsium dan vitamin D. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara polimorfisme kedua SNP gen VDR dengan HAZ (p>0,05). Setelah disesuaikan dengan faktor-faktor lainnya, asupan protein secara signifikan berkolerasi dengan HAZ (β=0,034, 95% CI 0,016 – 0,053, p<0,001, adj. R2=0,077). Efek dari aktivitas gen VDR kemungkinan tidak terlihat karena rendahnya asupan vitamin D yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium yang kemudian akan mempengaruhi HAZ.

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Childhood stunting remains as a major public health problem, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. According to Indonesia Basic Health Research (Riskesdas, 2013) the prevalence of stunting among children aged 5-12 years old in Indonesia was 30.7%. Nutrition factors has been known as a predominant factors associated with stunting. However, some studies discovered a genetic contribution in calcium absorption that will affect growth of the children, known as vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. The aim of this present study was to assess the association between genetic and nutritional factors related to height-forage Z-score (HAZ) of elementary school children in Malang District, East Java. The study design was a cross-sectional study which began on 2018. In this study, 142 children aged 8-10 years old were included. Height measurement was obtained to calculate HAZ of the children. Dietary intake consist of energy, protein, calcium and vitamin D intake were obtained using 4 days 24-hour dietary recall. Two SNPs located in the promoter region of VDR gene were selected (rs11568820 and rs4516035); its genotype distribution were analyzed using Real Time PCR system. Other factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, history of infectious diseases and sun exposure score were assessed using structured questionnaire and sun exposure questionnaire. The result showed that the prevalence of stunting was 21.8%. Dietary intake were mostly inadequate, especially for calcium and vitamin D intake. Genotype distribution of rs11568820 was TT (19%), CT (43.7%), and CC (37.3). While for rs4516035 the distribution was TT (90.8%) and CT (9.2%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between energy and protein intake with HAZ of the children (p=0.030 and p=0.016, respectively), but not with calcium and vitamin D intakes. There were no significant association between VDR gene polymorphism for both SNPs and HAZ of the children (p>0.05). Adjusted by other factors, protein intake was significantly correlated with HAZ (β=0.034, 95% CI 0.016 – 0.053, p<0.001, adj. R2=0.077). The effect of VDR gene promoter activity might not revealed due to very low vitamin D intake to stimulates intestinal calcium absorption which in turn affect HAZ.

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"ABSTRAKCampak atau kerumut dalam bahasa Banjar adalah salah satu penyakitinfeksi yang dapat di cegah dengan imunisasi dan masih masalah kesehatan diIndonesia. Penyakit ini secara umum menyerang anak usia dibawah lima tahun(balita) yang di sebabkan oleh virus morbili.Di Kota Banjarmasin meskipun keberhasilan cakupan imunisasi campaktelah mencapai lebih dari 90%, dan kelurahan yang telah mencapai UCI sebanyak51 kelurahan, namun demikian berdasarkan laporan surveilans dinas kesehatankota Banjarmasin selama 2011 dilaporkan telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa kasuscampak sebanyak 5 kali, dengan 147 kasus. Penelitian bertujuan untukmengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak pada anakusia 0?59 bulan di Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2011. Untuk itu digunakanpendekatan desain kasus kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor utama yang berpengaruhterhadap kejadian campak pada anak usia (0?59 bln) adalah pendidikan Ibu (OR=13,88), pendidikan bapak (OR =6,33), status imunisasi campak (OR= 4,64), umuranak (OR=2,46), sedangkan faktor yang bersifat protektif adalah vitamin A(OR=0,34), dan penghasilan keluarga (OR=0,18).Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa anak yang di imunisasi campakmempunyai orang tua yang berpendidikan baik, berpenghasilan cukup danmendapat vitamin A dua kali dalam setahun dapat mengurangi angka kejadiancampak.Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan untuk memperbaiki kebenaran cakupanimunisasi, memberikan pelatihan safe injection dan cold chain bagi petugaspelaksana di puskesmas, penyuluhan kesehatan dengan bahasa daerah, pemberianvitamin A dan memberikan prioritas peningkatan program pada daerah dengantingkat pendidikan Ibu dan Bapak yang rendah, serta berpenghasilan kurangsebagai sasaran di Kota Banjarmasin untuk menurunkan angka kejadian campakpada anak (0-59 bulan).

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ABSTRACTMeasles or kerumut in Banjar is one of the infectious diseases that can beprevented by immunization and health in Indonesia is still a problem. This diseasegenerally attacks children under five years of age (infants) which is caused by avirus morbili.In the city of Banjarmasin despite the success of measles immunizationcoverage has reached more than 90%, and the village which has reached as manyas 51 villages UCI, however, based on surveillance reports Banjarmasin cityhealth department is reported to have occurred during the 2011 outbreak ofmeasles cases as much as 5 times, with 147 case. The study aims to determine thefactors associated with the incidence of measles in children aged 0-59 months inthe city of Banjarmasin in 2011. For that use case-control design approach.The results showed that the main factors that influence the incidence ofmeasles in children aged (0-59 months) is the mother of education (OR = 13.88),the father of education (OR = 6.33), measles immunization status (OR = 4.64 ),age of child (OR = 2.46), whereas protective factors are vitamin A (OR = 0.34),and family income (OR = 0.18).This study concluded that children who have measles immunization in theelderly are well educated, and have income sufficient vitamin A twice a year canreduce the incidence of measles.From these results it is advisable to fix the truth of immunizationcoverage, providing safe injection training and cold chain for executive officers atthe health center, health education in local languages, provision of vitamin A andgives priority to improve the program in areas with high levels of education arelow mother and father, as well as earn less as a target in the city of Banjarmasin toreduce the incidence of measles in children (0-59 months)."