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"The debate surrounding genetically modified organism (GMO) has been emotive and multi-dimensional, attracting a wide range of participants. Conflicting arguments and partial truths have left consumers, farmers, public interest groups and food producers contiised. Critics of GMOs have been exceptionally successful in raising the profile of genetically modified (GM) foods and have attracted public support from a wide audience including scientists. However, the study about consumer acceptance of GM foods is abundant, while study among scientists is limited. Scientists can provide proper explanations and information to consumer about GM products. Also, they usually are the first group to react if any unsafe GM foods enter the market. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the perception of scientists towards genetically modified foods.

The study was designed as a cross sectional study. A total of 400 scientists (defined as one who involves in one or more activities covering teaching, research and consultancy) in Bogor Agriculture Institute (IPB or Institut Pertanian Bogor) were selected by using random sampling. Data collection for this study was done by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire and self-administered questionnaire for assessing the knowledge of the respondents.

All of the collected data were coded and entered into SPSS 11.0 for Windows. Data analyses were done using frequency distribution for descriptive analysis and chi-square test for the association.

Nearly half of the respondent felt that they had basic understanding of GM foods. However, when their knowledge was assessed, 69.8% of them had good knowledge score. Most of them (71%) stated that they were aware with the term of GM foods. Respondents were questioned about their perceived intention when offered some GM foods. Majority (78.3%) of those surveyed stated that they would like to try it. Over 90% felt that there should be some form of labeling for distinguishing food containing GM ingredients from non-GM foods.

Overall, the results showed that majority (72.8%) of the respondents were for GM foods, 14.8% were neutral, and only 12.5% were against it."

"Exclusive breastfeeding means giving a baby no other food or drink, not even water, apart from breast milk (including expressed breast milk), with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines (WHO, 2001), Exclusive breast feeding is the best way to feed an infant in the first 6 months. On April 7, 2004 the government of Indonesia launched that exclusive breastfeeding to infants up to 6 months should be promoted to all Indonesian mothers.In Indonesia breastfeeding practice is high in general. However, the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is decreasing from time to time. While breastfeeding is a natural act, it is also a learned behavior. To be successful in breastfeed, mother needs accurate information and support within their family, community and health providers.Many studies had been conducted to assess factors influence breastfeeding practices including exclusive breastfeeding practices but limited study assessed about the practice and attitude of midwives toward exclusive breastfeeding particularly after new policy on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is in effect. Therefore, this study has attempted to explore the practice and attitude of midwives toward the current exclusive breastfeeding policy up to 6 months in Jakarta.This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 consists of background of study, review of related literature, research problem, rationale, research question, general objective, specific objectives, conceptual framework and variable-indicator matrix.Part II contains the manuscript for publication, entitled "Practice and attitude of midwives toward the current exclusive breastfeeding policy up to 6 months: a qualitative study in North Jakarta, Indonesia." The manuscript is written following the requirement for submission to Journal of Nutrition.Part III encloses the appendices including detailed methodology, detailed results, questionnaires, ethical approval, grant approval, references and curriculum vitae."

"Faktor gizi adalah salah satu faktor terkuat dan faktor lingkungan yang secara nyata mempengaruhi waktu terjadinya pubertas. Penelitian dangan desain cross sectional ini benujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik menars, status gizi dan gaya hidup pada remaja putri I0-I3 tahun di Jakarta pusat serla hubungan ketiga faktor tersebut (n=2l I). Proporsi remaja putri yang sudah mengalami menars sebanyak 23% dan rata-rata usia menars adalah l 1.6 tahun. 72.5% remaja putri mempunyai normal z Score BMI;/'or-age dan 53.3% remaja putri mempunyai kelebihan Iemak tubuh. Perubahan gaya hidup melalui pola makan yang sehat harus diterapkan olerh remaja putri ini melalui edukasi oleh lingkungan sekitar mereka.

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Nutritional factors are the strongest and most obvious environmental factor affecting timing of puberty. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the association between menarche, nutritional status and lifestyle among adolescent girls aged 10-13 years in Central Jakarta (n=2l I). The proportion of menarche among 10-13 years old girls was 28% and the age of menarche was ll.6 years old. About 72.5% of adolescent girls have normal BMI-for-age z-score. More than half (58.3%) of adolescent girls has over fat. The food habit of these adolescent girls should be changed by giving nutrition education to help them have better food habit."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pengalaman ibuyang memiliki anak umur 6-12 bulan dalam menjalani masalah menyusui selamaperiode satu bulan pertama setelah melahirkan. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian cross sectional. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metodewawancara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah menyusuisangat umum dialami oleh ibu selama periode enam bulan pertama setelahmelahirkan dan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan cakupan pemberian ASIeksklusif. Dibutuhkan usaha yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuankonselor laktasi serta memperkaya bahan-bahan penyuluhan ASI denganinformasi masalah menyusui

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AbstractThis study was aimed to describe experiences of breastfeeding problems duringthe first six month period among mother having infant aged 6-12 months. Thisstudy is a cross sectional study using structured interviews. This study found thatbreastfeeding problems was very commonly experienced by mothers during thefirst six months after delivery and tended to decrease the rate of exclusivebreastfeeding practice. Furthermore, there are needs to empower lactationcounselor and enrich IEC breastfeeding materials with breastfeeding problemsissues."

" In the Philippines and in many other countries, not so many studies have been conducted with prisoners specifically on their protein and nutritional status. Thus, this study was conducted among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Zamboanga City, Philippines in January 2001 with the objective to determine the association between protein and energy intakes and nutritional status, among adult male inmates. The study was cross sectional and included 105 randomly selected adult male inmates. Data were collected using interview, anthropometries and biochemical assessments procedures. Results of the study evidently showed: the present protein and energy intakes and nutritional status of the inmates were good and it was reflected in the biochemical assessment. The diet of the inmates was sufficient with regard to total protein, calcium, iron vitamin A and riboflavin and very deficient in total energy, ascorbic acid, niacin and thiamin. With the exception of bananas no fruit has been served during the survey. Animal protein constitutes very low and most of their dietary protein source was derived from plant specifically green mug bean which was easily recognized by the inmates during the survey. In spite of good protein index based on biochemical assessment, the data findings also suggested that protein intake could still be improved by increasing the protein quality. Health and nutrition education should be focused and given attention as well. In conclusion, protein and nutritional status among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm were adequate based on anthropometric and biochemical assessment. "

"Risiko penularan HIV bila menyusui mengakibatkan dilema pemberian makanan bayi akibat ancaman kurang gizi atau terinfeksi HIV pada praktik yang tidak tepat. Studi observsi deskriptif ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi praktik pemberian makanan bayi pada ibu resiko tinggi HIV di Bandung. Pesan yang disampaikan para pemangku kepentingan, keberadaan konselor makanan bayi, periode terungkapnya status HIV, kcpatuhan ibu serta kebiasaan masyarakat senempat adalah aspek-aspek yang mempcngaruhi praktik makanan bayi setempat. Pemberian makanan bayi pcngganti ASI tidak memenuhi criteria AFASS. Lemahnya komponen utama dalam sistem kesehatan yang mengelola program makanan bayi dari ibu resiko tinggi HIV menghalangi tercapainya tujuan yang diharapkan.

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HIV transmission through breastfeeding caused dilemma in infant feeding practice due to likelihood of nutritional inadequacy or HIV transmission risk. A descriptive observational study was performed to explore infant feeding practice from HIV high risk mothers in Bandung. Aspects affecting the feeding practice were message of infant feeding endorsed by stakeholders, availability of trained counselors, the timing of HIV status revealed, mother's willingness to comply and the feeding norm. Replacement feeding practice was far from the expected AFASS criteria. Health system in charge of the infant feeding program lack main components to run properly and to reach the expected outcome."

"Di Indonesia praktik Inisiasi Menyusui Segera (IMS) dalam 1 jam setelah persalinan masih rendah, yaitu 44%. Praktik menyusui eksklusif selama 6 bulan (EBF) juga rendah yaitu 32%. Karakteristik ayah dan saluran informasi yang digunakan memengaruhi keberhasilan praktik menyusui tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik dan saluran informasi pada ayah terhadap praktik inisiasi menyusui segera dan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini adalah analisis data sekunder studi 'Peran Ayah dalam Optimalisasi Praktik Pemberian ASI: Sebuah Studi di Daerah Urban Jakarta, 2007' dari SEAMEO-TROPMED RCCN, Universitas Indonesia. Disain penelitian Cross sectional, dilakukan pada 536 ayah dan ibu yang memiliki balita sehat berumur 0-6 bulan di Jakarta Selatan, pada Desember 2006 - Oktober 2007 dalan sebuah wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi praktik IMS di Jakarta adalah 17.5% dan proporsi EBF adalah 29.1%. Terdapat hubungan antara paritas dan komposisi keluarga dengan praktik EBF dan terdapat hubungan antara keaktifan ayah mencari informasi menyusui/makanan bayi dengan praktik IMS. Tidak terdapat hubungan karakteristik ayah dan sumber infromasi serta frekuensi akses dengan praktik IMS. Demikian pula tidak terdapat hubungan saluran informasi dengan praktik EBF.

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In Indonesia breastfeeding initiation (BI) within one hour is 44% and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice is 32%. Father?s characteristics and channel information influence successful breastfeeding practice. The purpose of this research was to find out father?s characteristic and channel information that related to breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practiced by the mother. This research used secondary data from the study: Strategic Roles of Fathers in Optimizing Breastfeeding Practices: A Study in Urban Setting of Jakarta, 2007 collected by SEAMEO-TROPMED RCCN, University of Indonesia in December 2006 - October 2007 using questionnaire.

Design study was cross sectional with the sample of 536 pairs parents with healthy infant age 0-6 months. Result showed that proportion of BI in Jakarta is 17.5% and EBF 29.1%. There were relationship between parity and family composition with EBF practice, between father being active looking for breastfeeding information with BI. There were no relationship between father?s characteristics, information source and access frequency with BI. There was no relationship between channel information with EBF."

"Perilaku makan berisiko pada remaja dapat menghambat remaja memperoleh asupan gizi yang seimbang. Salah satu cara yang efektif dalam merubah perilaku tersebut adalah menggunakan pendekatan pendidikan gizi berbasis sekolah. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian tentang pendidikan gizi berbasis sekolah masih kurang mengeksplorasi tentang persepsi siswa dalam implementasinya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implemetasi pendidikan gizi berbasis kesehatan dari pandangan siswa. Pada penelitian ini 15 FGD Focus Group Discussion digunakan sebagai data utama yang dilengkapi oleh 27 wawancara mendalam kepada pihak sekolah dan beberapa narasumber sebagai triangulasi. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya kesenjangan antara keinginan siswa dengan kemampuan guru dalam metode pengajaran. Selain itu pendapat siswa terkait metode pendidikan gizi menunjukkan pentingnya menerapkan berbagai macam metode dalam menjadikan pendidikan sebagai cara yang efektif dalam perubahan perilaku remaja. Kesimpulannya, implementasi pendidikan gizi dapat didukung dengan memfasilitasi guru dengan rencana belajar yang tidak hanya berisi informasi gizi namun juga berisi berbagai macam metode pengajaran. Selain itu, mengintegrasikan pendidikan gizi melalui berbagai macam pendekatan yang lebih aplikatif sebagai contoh melalui kantin.

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Several risky dietary behavior in adolescents can alter adolescents for accepting adequate food intake. The most suitable way to change the behavior is by using school based nutrition education. However, many studies in school based nutrition education were still lacking on the exploration of students rsquo perception on the implementation. This study aimed to explore the implementation of the school based nutrition education integrated into the school curriculum and its challenges through students, teachers, school principal and resource person. Fifteen focus group discussions with the students mainly used and 27 in depth interviews with the school teachers and other key informants as part of the triangulation. Result of the study showed showed the gap between what students want and teacher rsquo s ability in developing various learning method. Students preferences in nutrition education approach showed the importance of multiple strategies to make nutrition education as an effective way in behavior change of adolescence not only dissemination of nutrition information. In conclusion, implementation of nutrition education could be supported by facilitating teachers with a lesson plan that does not only provide nutrition knowledge but also provide various teaching methods. Furthermore, integrating nutrition education through multiple approaches that is more applicable, canteen for example. "

"ABSTRAKIndonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang menghadapi isu yang sama di kalangan anak pra-sekolah, yaitu terdapat peningkatan prevalensi obesitas yang memiliki kaitan dengan iklan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara keterpaparan iklan makanan dan pemilihan makanan di rumah untuk anak di Jakarta Pusat. Studi potong lintang dan melibatkan 240 pengasuh dilakukan di pusat pendidikan anak usia dini PAUD . Kuisioner terstruktur dan food frequency questionnaire FFQ digunakan untuk menilai keterpaparan iklan makanan dan konsumsi makanan yang dilakukan oleh enumerator yang telah dilatih. Binary logistic digunakan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0.05. Sekitar 80 dari responden adalah ibu, kurang dari 15 memiliki pendidikan tinggi, 82 dari mereka tidak bekerja dan 42 tinggal dalam keluarga besar. Kurang dari 80 responden pernah terpapar iklan makanan dari media. Makanan yang paling banyak dipilih adalah produk susu 85 dan diikuti oleh sereal 75.8 serta gula dan konfeksioneri 60 dalam sebulan terakhir. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara keterpaparan iklan makanan dengan pemilihan produk gula konfeksioneri p

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ABSTRACTIndonesia as one of developing country faces the same issue of obesity among pre school children. There was increasing of obesity prevalence, which the food marketing has the role in it. The study aims to assess the association between food marketing exposure and home food selection for children in Central Jakarta. Cross sectional study with 240 caregivers rsquo was carried out through early childhood education centers in Central Jakarta. Structured questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire FFQ was used to assess food marketing exposure and dietary consumption by trained enumerator. Binary logistic was used with significant level 0.05. Approximately 80 of the respondents were mothers, less than 15 had high education, 82 were non working and 42 lived in extended family. Less than 80 of the respondents ever exposed to the media food marketing. The most selected food was milk products 85 and followed by cereal 75.8 and sugar confectionery 60 on monthly basis. There was significant association between food marketing exposure and the selection of sugar confectionery products p"