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Abstrak :
The debate surrounding genetically modified organism (GMO) has been emotive and multi-dimensional, attracting a wide range of participants. Conflicting arguments and partial truths have left consumers, farmers, public interest groups and food producers contiised. Critics of GMOs have been exceptionally successful in raising the profile of genetically modified (GM) foods and have attracted public support from a wide audience including scientists. However, the study about consumer acceptance of GM foods is abundant, while study among scientists is limited. Scientists can provide proper explanations and information to consumer about GM products. Also, they usually are the first group to react if any unsafe GM foods enter the market. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the perception of scientists towards genetically modified foods.

The study was designed as a cross sectional study. A total of 400 scientists (defined as one who involves in one or more activities covering teaching, research and consultancy) in Bogor Agriculture Institute (IPB or Institut Pertanian Bogor) were selected by using random sampling. Data collection for this study was done by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire and self-administered questionnaire for assessing the knowledge of the respondents.

All of the collected data were coded and entered into SPSS 11.0 for Windows. Data analyses were done using frequency distribution for descriptive analysis and chi-square test for the association.

Nearly half of the respondent felt that they had basic understanding of GM foods. However, when their knowledge was assessed, 69.8% of them had good knowledge score. Most of them (71%) stated that they were aware with the term of GM foods. Respondents were questioned about their perceived intention when offered some GM foods. Majority (78.3%) of those surveyed stated that they would like to try it. Over 90% felt that there should be some form of labeling for distinguishing food containing GM ingredients from non-GM foods.

Overall, the results showed that majority (72.8%) of the respondents were for GM foods, 14.8% were neutral, and only 12.5% were against it.

Abstrak :
Exclusive breastfeeding means giving a baby no other food or drink, not even water, apart from breast milk (including expressed breast milk), with the exception of drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicines (WHO, 2001), Exclusive breast feeding is the best way to feed an infant in the first 6 months. On April 7, 2004 the government of Indonesia launched that exclusive breastfeeding to infants up to 6 months should be promoted to all Indonesian mothers. In Indonesia breastfeeding practice is high in general. However, the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is decreasing from time to time. While breastfeeding is a natural act, it is also a learned behavior. To be successful in breastfeed, mother needs accurate information and support within their family, community and health providers. Many studies had been conducted to assess factors influence breastfeeding practices including exclusive breastfeeding practices but limited study assessed about the practice and attitude of midwives toward exclusive breastfeeding particularly after new policy on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is in effect. Therefore, this study has attempted to explore the practice and attitude of midwives toward the current exclusive breastfeeding policy up to 6 months in Jakarta. This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 consists of background of study, review of related literature, research problem, rationale, research question, general objective, specific objectives, conceptual framework and variable-indicator matrix. Part II contains the manuscript for publication, entitled "Practice and attitude of midwives toward the current exclusive breastfeeding policy up to 6 months: a qualitative study in North Jakarta, Indonesia." The manuscript is written following the requirement for submission to Journal of Nutrition. Part III encloses the appendices including detailed methodology, detailed results, questionnaires, ethical approval, grant approval, references and curriculum vitae.

Abstrak :
Faktor gizi adalah salah satu faktor terkuat dan faktor lingkungan yang secara nyata mempengaruhi waktu terjadinya pubertas. Penelitian dangan desain cross sectional ini benujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik menars, status gizi dan gaya hidup pada remaja putri I0-I3 tahun di Jakarta pusat serla hubungan ketiga faktor tersebut (n=2l I). Proporsi remaja putri yang sudah mengalami menars sebanyak 23% dan rata-rata usia menars adalah l 1.6 tahun. 72.5% remaja putri mempunyai normal z Score BMI;/'or-age dan 53.3% remaja putri mempunyai kelebihan Iemak tubuh. Perubahan gaya hidup melalui pola makan yang sehat harus diterapkan olerh remaja putri ini melalui edukasi oleh lingkungan sekitar mereka. ......Nutritional factors are the strongest and most obvious environmental factor affecting timing of puberty. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the association between menarche, nutritional status and lifestyle among adolescent girls aged 10-13 years in Central Jakarta (n=2l I). The proportion of menarche among 10-13 years old girls was 28% and the age of menarche was ll.6 years old. About 72.5% of adolescent girls have normal BMI-for-age z-score. More than half (58.3%) of adolescent girls has over fat. The food habit of these adolescent girls should be changed by giving nutrition education to help them have better food habit.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang pengalaman ibu yang memiliki anak umur 6-12 bulan dalam menjalani masalah menyusui selama periode satu bulan pertama setelah melahirkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode wawancara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah menyusui sangat umum dialami oleh ibu selama periode enam bulan pertama setelah melahirkan dan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Dibutuhkan usaha yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan konselor laktasi serta memperkaya bahan-bahan penyuluhan ASI dengan informasi masalah menyusui

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Abstract
This study was aimed to describe experiences of breastfeeding problems during the first six month period among mother having infant aged 6-12 months. This study is a cross sectional study using structured interviews. This study found that breastfeeding problems was very commonly experienced by mothers during the first six months after delivery and tended to decrease the rate of exclusive breastfeeding practice. Furthermore, there are needs to empower lactation counselor and enrich IEC breastfeeding materials with breastfeeding problems issues.

Abstrak :


In the Philippines and in many other countries, not so many studies have been conducted with prisoners specifically on their protein and nutritional status. Thus, this study was conducted among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Zamboanga City, Philippines in January 2001 with the objective to determine the association between protein and energy intakes and nutritional status, among adult male inmates. The study was cross sectional and included 105 randomly selected adult male inmates. Data were collected using interview, anthropometries and biochemical assessments procedures.

Results of the study evidently showed: the present protein and energy intakes and nutritional status of the inmates were good and it was reflected in the biochemical assessment. The diet of the inmates was sufficient with regard to total protein, calcium, iron vitamin A and riboflavin and very deficient in total energy, ascorbic acid, niacin and thiamin. With the exception of bananas no fruit has been served during the survey.

Animal protein constitutes very low and most of their dietary protein source was derived from plant specifically green mug bean which was easily recognized by the inmates during the survey.

In spite of good protein index based on biochemical assessment, the data findings also suggested that protein intake could still be improved by increasing the protein quality. Health and nutrition education should be focused and given attention as well.

In conclusion, protein and nutritional status among adult male inmates in San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm were adequate based on anthropometric and biochemical assessment.

Abstrak :
Perilaku makan berisiko pada remaja dapat menghambat remaja memperoleh asupan gizi yang seimbang. Salah satu cara yang efektif dalam merubah perilaku tersebut adalah menggunakan pendekatan pendidikan gizi berbasis sekolah. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian tentang pendidikan gizi berbasis sekolah masih kurang mengeksplorasi tentang persepsi siswa dalam implementasinya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implemetasi pendidikan gizi berbasis kesehatan dari pandangan siswa. Pada penelitian ini 15 FGD Focus Group Discussion digunakan sebagai data utama yang dilengkapi oleh 27 wawancara mendalam kepada pihak sekolah dan beberapa narasumber sebagai triangulasi. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya kesenjangan antara keinginan siswa dengan kemampuan guru dalam metode pengajaran. Selain itu pendapat siswa terkait metode pendidikan gizi menunjukkan pentingnya menerapkan berbagai macam metode dalam menjadikan pendidikan sebagai cara yang efektif dalam perubahan perilaku remaja. Kesimpulannya, implementasi pendidikan gizi dapat didukung dengan memfasilitasi guru dengan rencana belajar yang tidak hanya berisi informasi gizi namun juga berisi berbagai macam metode pengajaran. Selain itu, mengintegrasikan pendidikan gizi melalui berbagai macam pendekatan yang lebih aplikatif sebagai contoh melalui kantin. ...... Several risky dietary behavior in adolescents can alter adolescents for accepting adequate food intake. The most suitable way to change the behavior is by using school based nutrition education. However, many studies in school based nutrition education were still lacking on the exploration of students rsquo perception on the implementation. This study aimed to explore the implementation of the school based nutrition education integrated into the school curriculum and its challenges through students, teachers, school principal and resource person. Fifteen focus group discussions with the students mainly used and 27 in depth interviews with the school teachers and other key informants as part of the triangulation. Result of the study showed showed the gap between what students want and teacher rsquo s ability in developing various learning method. Students preferences in nutrition education approach showed the importance of multiple strategies to make nutrition education as an effective way in behavior change of adolescence not only dissemination of nutrition information. In conclusion, implementation of nutrition education could be supported by facilitating teachers with a lesson plan that does not only provide nutrition knowledge but also provide various teaching methods. Furthermore, integrating nutrition education through multiple approaches that is more applicable, canteen for example.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara berkembang menghadapi isu yang sama di kalangan anak pra-sekolah, yaitu terdapat peningkatan prevalensi obesitas yang memiliki kaitan dengan iklan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara keterpaparan iklan makanan dan pemilihan makanan di rumah untuk anak di Jakarta Pusat. Studi potong lintang dan melibatkan 240 pengasuh dilakukan di pusat pendidikan anak usia dini PAUD . Kuisioner terstruktur dan food frequency questionnaire FFQ digunakan untuk menilai keterpaparan iklan makanan dan konsumsi makanan yang dilakukan oleh enumerator yang telah dilatih. Binary logistic digunakan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0.05. Sekitar 80 dari responden adalah ibu, kurang dari 15 memiliki pendidikan tinggi, 82 dari mereka tidak bekerja dan 42 tinggal dalam keluarga besar. Kurang dari 80 responden pernah terpapar iklan makanan dari media. Makanan yang paling banyak dipilih adalah produk susu 85 dan diikuti oleh sereal 75.8 serta gula dan konfeksioneri 60 dalam sebulan terakhir. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara keterpaparan iklan makanan dengan pemilihan produk gula konfeksioneri p

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ABSTRACT
Indonesia as one of developing country faces the same issue of obesity among pre school children. There was increasing of obesity prevalence, which the food marketing has the role in it. The study aims to assess the association between food marketing exposure and home food selection for children in Central Jakarta. Cross sectional study with 240 caregivers rsquo was carried out through early childhood education centers in Central Jakarta. Structured questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire FFQ was used to assess food marketing exposure and dietary consumption by trained enumerator. Binary logistic was used with significant level 0.05. Approximately 80 of the respondents were mothers, less than 15 had high education, 82 were non working and 42 lived in extended family. Less than 80 of the respondents ever exposed to the media food marketing. The most selected food was milk products 85 and followed by cereal 75.8 and sugar confectionery 60 on monthly basis. There was significant association between food marketing exposure and the selection of sugar confectionery products p

Abstrak :
Beban ganda malnutrisi pada orang dewasa menjadi masalah gizi di populasi globalbegitu juga di Indonesia. Beban ganda malnutrisi ini terjadi sebagai akibat daripergeseran pola konsumsi yang salah satunya adalah konsumsi makanan bersumberprotein. Dalam menghadapi masalah tersebut pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkanPedoman Gizi Seimbang PGS dengan anjuran untuk konsumsi makananbersumber protein. Dengan demikian, faktor yang berkaitan dengan konsumsimakanan bersumber protein perlu untuk diketahui. Beberapa studi sudahmenunjukkan bagaimana cara pemilihan makanan, baik studi kuantitatif atau studikualitatif. Studi kualitatif yang berfokus pada eksplorasi faktor yang berkaitandengan konsumsi protein pada orang Indonesia dewasa masih sedikit. Studikualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplore faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengankonsumsi protein orang dewasa Indonesia di Jakarta. Studi dilakukan mulai dariAgustus 2017 hingga Mei 2018 sebagai bagian dari Studi SCRIPT. Sebanyak 16orang dewasa tinggal di Jakarta ikut berpartisipasi pada wawancara mendalam.Pemilihan informan ini dilakukan dengan cara purposive and snowball sampling.Diskusi kelompok terarah dan wawancara dengan informan kunci seperti sejarawanmakanan Indonesia, kepala keluarga, dan penjual makanan keliling dilakukansebagai triangulasi. Semua hasil rekaman di transkripsi kedalam teks verbatim dandilakukan pengecekan dengan hasil rekaman. Aplikasi Dedoose digunakan untukanalisis data dalam membuat coding dan tema dari hasil transkripsi verbatim.Terdapat 4 tema muncul dari analsis data yaitu pengetahuan mengenai makanmakanan bersumber protein; persepsi tentang makan makanan bersumber protein;konsumsi makanan bersumber protein orang dewasa di Jakarta; dan faktor yangberkaitan dengan konsumsi makanan bersumber protein. Beberapa faktor yangberkaitan erat dengan konsumsi makanan sumber protein orang dewasa di Jakartayaitu tradisi, norma, dan kepercayaan; karakteristik sensoris makanan; kesukaan;pengalaman; pertimbangan keamanan dan kesehatan; kemampuan memasak;kebiasaan dan kesukaan keluarga; pembagian tugas dan kewajiban dalampemenuhan makanan di keluarga; ketersediaan dan keterjangkauan pangan; dansumber informasi. Studi ini merekomendasikan kepada Kementerian Kesehatan,BPPOM, dan ahli kesehatan untuk mempromosikan pemilihan makan yang sehatdan aman terutama makanan bersumber protein melalui kerja sama dengankomunitas dan penggunaan media sosial atau media interaktif. Selain itu, studi inijuga merekomendasikan kepada Kementerian Perikanan dan Kelautan dan jugaKementerian Pertanian untuk menyediakan makanan bersumber protein yang halal,aman, dan segar.

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Double burden malnutrition among adults is an existing nutrition problem in globalpopulation as well as in Indonesia. This double burden of malnutrition is happenedas one of the impact of shifting in dietary pattern and one of the concern wasprotein source foods consumption. In order to faced the problem, Indonesiangovernment has been released Pedoman Gizi Seimbang PGS as nutritionguidlines. One of the message in PGS was to consume protein source foods.Therefore, factors related to protein source foods consumption should be known.Several studies were pointed out studies on food selection in quantitativeapproached and some of qualitative approached. However, qualitative studyfocused on exploring factors related to protein source foods consumption amongIndonesian adults in Jakarta are still limited. This qualitative study aims to explorefactors related to protein source foods consumption among Indonesian adults inJakarta. This study conducted started from August 2017 until May 2018 and part ofSCRIPT study. A total of 16 adults who were living in Jakarta participated in indepthinterview and was chosen by purposive and snowball sampling. FGD andkey informants interview including food historian, head of household, and foodseller were performed as data triangulation. All the recordings were transcribedverbatiim and double checking were done. Data coding and emerging themes fromtranscript verbatiim was done using Dedoose App. There were 4 themes emergedfrom this study which were the knowledge on eating protein source foods perception on eating protein source foods protein source foods consumptionamong adults in Jakarta and factors related to protein source foods consumption.However, factors related to protein source foods consumption were tradition,norms, and belief sensory appeal preferences experience safety and healthyconsideration cooking skills family rsquo s habit and preferences role and responsiblityin food procurement food availability and accessibility and source of informations.This findings encouraged Ministry of Health, Indonesian FDA, and healthprofessionals to promote how to choose healthy and safety foods especially proteinsourcefoods by doing enggangement with communities and using social media orinteractive platform. Besides, this findings were also recommend Ministry ofFisheries and Marine and Ministry of Agriculture to provide halal, safety, and freshprotein source foods.

Abstrak :
Ketika pendapatan meningkat, protein hewani secara bertahap menggantikan protein nabati. Pergeseran ini diidentifikasi sebagai transisi protein yang terutama terjadi di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah Pilihan sumber protein yang berbeda dalam konsumsi makanan mungkin memiliki hasil kesehatan yang berbeda. Namun, terdapat informasi yang terbatas mengenai hubungan protein dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada populasi Asia yang cenderung meiliki pola makan nabati dan mengalami permasalahan gizi kurang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi sumber protein dengan IMT pada wanita usia subur berdasarkan data Indonesia Food Barometer (IFB) 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari IFB 2018 yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan survei cross-sectional kuantitatif. Terdapat 467 wanita usia subur di Indonesia (20–49 tahun) yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Asupan makanan diperoleh dengan menggunakan recall 24 jam dengan Multiple Source Method (MSM). Analisis regresi linier berganda diterapkan dengan p-value <0,05 sebagai prediktor yang signifikan dari variabel hasil. Rata-rata IMT subjek adalah 25,02 kg/m2. Asupan protein total rata-rata subjek adalah 55,98 g/hari. Untuk protein hewani, protein nabati, dan rasio protein hewani terhadap nabati, mediannya masing-masing adalah 28,01 g/hari, 25,37 g/hari, dan 1,50. Setelah disesuaikan dengan variabel kovariat lainnya, hubungan yang signifikan ditemukan antara protein nabati (p<0,05; R2=0,080) dengan skor IMT yang lebih tinggi yang dikacaukan oleh status pernikahan dan usia. Kesimpulannya, konsumsi protein nabati dikaitkan dengan skor IMT yang lebih tinggi. ......As incomes rise, animal proteins progressively replace plant proteins. This shift is identified as a protein transition that mainly occurs in Low Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Different choices of protein sources in dietary consumption may have different health outcomes. There is limited information regarding association protein with body mass index (BMI) on Asian population that is characterized more into plant-based diet and bearing undernutrition. So, this study is aimed to investigate the association of protein sources consumption with BMI score among women of reproductive age based on the 2018 Indonesia Food Barometer (IFB) data. This study used secondary data of the 2018 IFB conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional survey. There were 467 Indonesian reproductive aged women (20–49 years) included in this study. Dietary intake was obtained using 24-hour dietary recall with Multiple Source Method (MSM). Multiple linear regression analysis was applied with a p-value<0.05 as significant predictors of outcome variables. Mean of subject’s BMI is 25.02 kg/m2. The subjects’ mean total protein intake was 55.98 g/d. For the animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and ratio of animal to plant-based protein the median was 28.01 g/d, 25.37 g/d, and 1.50, respectively. After adjusting with other covariate variables, significant association was found between plant-based protein (p<0.05; R2=0.080) with higher BMI score that was confounded by marital status and age. In conclusion, consumption of plant-based protein is associated with higher BMI score.