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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) versi Bahasa Indonesia untuk mengukur kualitas tidur. Kualitas tidur merupakan fenomena yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan fisik dan psikologis. Penelitian dilakukan pada populasi Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dan populasi sehat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan uji konsistensi internal Cronbach?s Alpha = 0.79, validitas isi 0.89, validitas konstruksi menunjukkan korelasi komponen dengan skor global PSQI yang baik, known group validity bermakna (p <0.001), nilai sensitivitas adalah satu, spesifisitas 0.81, titik potong 5. Instrumen PSQI terbukti kesahihan dan keandalannya.

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ABSTRACT< This thesis discusses the validity and reliability on the instrument Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Indonesia version to measure sleep quality. Sleep quality is a phenomenon which is related to the physical and psychological health. This study use population of chronic kidney disease and healthy population. This study resulted Chronbach?s alpha score 0.79, content validity score 0.89, and construct validity showed correlation between component and global PSQI score, and known group validity was significant (p<0.001), sensitivity is one and specificity is 0.81, with cut off 5. This instrument proved the validity and reliability.;This thesis discusses the validity and reliability on the instrument Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Indonesia version to measure sleep quality. Sleep quality is a phenomenon which is related to the physical and psychological health. This study use population of chronic kidney disease and healthy population. This study resulted Chronbach?s alpha score 0.79, content validity score 0.89, and construct validity showed correlation between component and global PSQI score, and known group validity was significant (p<0.001), sensitivity is one and specificity is 0.81, with cut off 5. This instrument proved the validity and reliability.;This thesis discusses the validity and reliability on the instrument Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Indonesia version to measure sleep quality. Sleep quality is a phenomenon which is related to the physical and psychological health. This study use population of chronic kidney disease and healthy population. This study resulted Chronbach?s alpha score 0.79, content validity score 0.89, and construct validity showed correlation between component and global PSQI score, and known group validity was significant (p<0.001), sensitivity is one and specificity is 0.81, with cut off 5. This instrument proved the validity and reliability., This thesis discusses the validity and reliability on the instrument Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Indonesia version to measure sleep quality. Sleep quality is a phenomenon which is related to the physical and psychological health. This study use population of chronic kidney disease and healthy population. This study resulted Chronbach?s alpha score 0.79, content validity score 0.89, and construct validity showed correlation between component and global PSQI score, and known group validity was significant (p<0.001), sensitivity is one and specificity is 0.81, with cut off 5. This instrument proved the validity and reliability.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Menurut World Health Organization, populasi orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS) di dunia adalah tujuh dari 1000 orang. Kelly (2002) menyatakan bahwa 25% dari total 138 ODS mengalami gangguan fungsi eksekutif. Pada metaanalisis Green (1996) dinyatakan bahwa fungsi eksekutif dapat memengaruhi performa fungsi. Telah ada penelitian Desmiarti (2010) yang meneliti hubungan antara defisit fungsi memori verbal dengan performa fungsi ODS. Namun belum ada penelitian yang meneliti hubungan antara fungsi eksekutif dengan performa fungsi ODS di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan potong lintang pada 160 ODS di Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen Structured Clinical Interview For the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale Excitement Components, Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale, tes kemampuan membaca, Trail Making Test (TMT) A dan B, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara fungsi eksekutif (TMT B) dengan performa fungsi (PSP) yaitu p=0.014 dengan hasil analisis korelasi Spearman p=0.000 dan koefisien korelasi r=-0.345. Pada hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara pendidikan (OR=0.294, p=0.016), gejala penyakit (OR=0.271, p=0.006), status pernikahan (OR=0.166, p=0.002), pekerjaan (OR=0.079, p=0.000), jenis antipsikotika (OR=0.067, p=0.001) dengan performa fungsi (PSP). Simpulan: Semakin tinggi skor TMT B (fungsi eksekutif) maka semakin rendah skor PSP (performa fungsi) ODS. Defisit fungsi eksekutif (TMT B) berhubungan langsung dengan performa fungsi (PSP). Faktor yang juga berpengaruh pada performa fungsi (PSP) adalah pendidikan, gejala penyakit, status pernikahan, pekerjaan dan jenis antipsikotika. Instrumen TMT B dapat lebih spesifik menilai fungsi eksekutif pada kelompok ODS sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alat deteksi defisit fungsi kognitif di layanan psikiatri.

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ABSTRACT
Introduction: Based on World Health Organization, schizophrenia population in the world is seven from 1000. Kelly (2002) said that 25% from 138 schizophrenia people experiencing executive function disorder. Green metaanalysis (1996) stated that executive function can influence function performance. There is a Desmiarti?s research (2010) that examine relationship between verbal memory function deficit with function performance in schizophrenia. However, there is no research that examine relationship between executive function with function performance in schizophrenia at Indonesia. Method: This research using cross-sectional design from 160 schizophrenia people at Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. This research using instrument such as Structured Clinical Interview For the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale Excitement Components, Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale, reading ability test, Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Result: There is a significant relationship in this research between executive function (TMT B) with function performance (PSP) p=0.014 by Spearman correlation analysis result p=0.000 and correlation coefficient r=-0.345. There are significant relationship in this research multivariate analysis between education (OR=0.294, p=0.016), schizophrenia symptoms (OR=0.271, p=0.006), married status (OR=0.166, p=0.002), job (OR=0.079, p=0.000), antipsychotics (OR=0.067, p=0.001) with function performance (PSP). Conclusion: The higher TMT B score (executive function), the lower PSP score (function performance) of schizophrenia people. Executive function deficit (TMT B) have a direct relation with function performance (PSP). Another factors that have influence to function performance (PSP) are education, schizophrenia symptoms, married status, job, antipsychotics. TMT B instrumen was more specific to assess executive function at schizophrenia group so TMT B can be used as detection tool of cognitive function deficit on psychiatric care, Introduction: Based on World Health Organization, schizophrenia population in the world is seven from 1000. Kelly (2002) said that 25% from 138 schizophrenia people experiencing executive function disorder. Green metaanalysis (1996) stated that executive function can influence function performance. There is a Desmiarti’s research (2010) that examine relationship between verbal memory function deficit with function performance in schizophrenia. However, there is no research that examine relationship between executive function with function performance in schizophrenia at Indonesia. Method: This research using cross-sectional design from 160 schizophrenia people at Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. This research using instrument such as Structured Clinical Interview For the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale Excitement Components, Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale, reading ability test, Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Result: There is a significant relationship in this research between executive function (TMT B) with function performance (PSP) p=0.014 by Spearman correlation analysis result p=0.000 and correlation coefficient r=-0.345. There are significant relationship in this research multivariate analysis between education (OR=0.294, p=0.016), schizophrenia symptoms (OR=0.271, p=0.006), married status (OR=0.166, p=0.002), job (OR=0.079, p=0.000), antipsychotics (OR=0.067, p=0.001) with function performance (PSP). Conclusion: The higher TMT B score (executive function), the lower PSP score (function performance) of schizophrenia people. Executive function deficit (TMT B) have a direct relation with function performance (PSP). Another factors that have influence to function performance (PSP) are education, schizophrenia symptoms, married status, job, antipsychotics. TMT B instrumen was more specific to assess executive function at schizophrenia group so TMT B can be used as detection tool of cognitive function deficit on psychiatric care]

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Tenaga kesehatan mental di Indonesia perlu mendapat bekal tambahan untuk dapat menangani anak dan remaja di daerah bencana. Untuk itu, Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Divisi Psikiatri Anak dan Remaja, bekerja sama dengan Institute for Mental Health Singapura, telah menyusun modul pelatihan berjudul ?Peningkatan Kapasitas Kesehatan Mental Anak dan Remaja di Daerah Bencana? (Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Disaster areas - CAMHD). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui manfaat pelatihan dengan modul tersebut dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mental (psikiater, dokter, psikolog, pekerja sosial, dan perawat) serta pandangan peserta tentang modul dan pelatihan. Metode: Penelitian tindakan (action research) dilakukan dengan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari peserta penelitian dalam bentuk tes sebelum dengan sesudah pelatihan (one group pre and post-test), kuesioner data demografi, kuesioner evaluasi pelatihan, serta diskusi kelompok terarah (Focus group Discussion - FGD). Hasil: Semua subjek (n=16) mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan, dengan perbedaan rata-rata (mean) skor pretest dan posttest yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,001). Hal-hal penting yang diperoleh dari pelatihan mencakup antara lain pemahaman dasar, identifikasi kebutuhan, identifikasi sumber daya dan persiapan, serta alur berpikir kesehatan mental anak dan remaja di daerah bencana, deteksi dini terutama menggunakan Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), formulasi kasus, dan penanganan secara komprehensif, termasuk Psychological First Aid (PFA) serta intervensi krisis. Subjek penelitian terutama menghargai pembelajaran aktif seperti studi kasus, bermain peran, diskusi, serta bertukar pengalaman antar peserta pelatihan. Pada kuesioner umpan balik, seluruh subjek penelitian menyatakan kualitas pelatihan sangat baik atau cukup. Masukan dari subjek penelitian antara lain mencakup kebutuhan untuk penyederhanaan bahasa modul, konsistensi fasilitasi, penyempurnaan bahan tayangan pelatihan, perlunya pegangan praktis untuk digunakan di lapangan, bentuk modul berjenjang menurut profesi, contoh-contoh kasus nyata, serta pelatihan yang berkelanjutan. Simpulan: Pelatihan menggunakan modul ?Peningkatan Kapasitas Kesehatan Mental Anak dan Remaja di Daerah Bencana? dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mental. Terkumpul masukan untuk perbaikan dan pengembangan modul dan pelatihan selanjutnya. ......Introduction: Mental health workers need to be better equipped with more knowledge to deal with children and adolescents in disaster areas. For this reason, the Department of Psychiatry of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, in collaboration with the Institute for Mental Health Singapore, developed the module ?Capacity Building for Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Disaster areas (CAMHD). Objectives: To ascertain the benefits of training using the module in increasing the knowledge of mental health workers (psychiatrists, doctors, psychologists, social workers, and nurses) and the participants? views on the module and training. Methods: Action research was conducted using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods. Data was collected from the training participants in the form of one group pre and post tests, and questionnaires demographic data, training evaluation forms, and focus group discussions. Results: All subjects (n=16) increased in knowledge, with a statistically significant mean difference of pretest and posttest scores (p=0.001). Important points gained through the training include basic understanding, needs assessment, resource identification and preparation, as well as thinking process in dealing with children and adolescents in disaster areas, early detection especially using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ), case formulation, and comprehensive management, including Psychological First Aid (PFA) and crisis intervention. In terms of training process, research subjects especially appreciated active learning processes such as case studies, role plays, discussions, and sharing of experiences among training participants. On the feedback forms, all research subjects stated the quality of training was excellent or satisfactory. Input from research subjects included the need for simplification of the language of the module, consistency of facilitation, enhancement of training presentation materials, the need for practical guides to use in the field, profession-based stepped modules, examples from actual cases, and further training. Conclusion: Training using this ?Capacity Building for Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Disaster areas? module can increase the knowledge of mental health workers. Input was collectedto enhance and develop further modules and training.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Skizofrenia merupakan masalah gangguan mental berat yang menyebabkan penderitaan di dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi gangguan mental berat sebesar  1,7  per  mil. Di Jakarta, untuk populasi di atas usia 15 tahun, 2,03% di antaranya menunjukkan gejala positif gangguan psikosis. Skizofrenia membutuhkan perawatan jangka panjang, menyebabkan produktivitas menurun atau hilang, beban sosial dan keuangan sangat besar, serta biaya perawatan tinggi. Ketersediaan Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat dikaitkan dengan menurunnya angka morbiditas pada orang dengan skizofrenia. Tatalaksana segera akan memperbaiki keluaran pada pasien skizofrenia. oleh karena itu penting untuk diketahui pengetahuan dokter di Puskesmas mengenai tatalaksana skizofrenia. Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif analitik yang menggunakan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di Puskesmas Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah dokter umum yang melakukan pelayanan kesehatan jiwa di Puskesmas Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Total 32 subjek diikutsertakan dalam studi, mengisi kuesioner Pengetahuan Dokter Puskesmas Mengenai Antipsikotika. Pola peresepan dikumpulkan dengan melihat peresepan bulan Juli-Desember 2017. Hasil: Pengetahuan dokter mengenai antipsikotika lebih banyak kurang baik (59,4%). Sumber pengetahuan terbanyak adalah dari pendidikan fakultas kedokteran (93%).  Pola peresepan yang lebih banyak dijumpai adalah tidak tepat (96,9%) dan  politerapi (59,7%). Penelitian ini juga mendapatkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dokter mengenai antipsikotika dengan pola peresepan antipsikotika dalam tatalaksana skizofrenia (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Dokter Puskesmas di DKI propinsi Jakarta banyak meresepkan antipsikotika, misalnya kombinasi haloperidol dan klorpromazin, bersamaan dengan antikolinergik. Hal ini tidak berhubungan dengan pengetahuan mengenai antipsikotika. ......Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that cause severe burden in the world. The prevalene of severe mental disorder in Indonesia is 1,7‰. In Jakarta, the prevalence of positive psychotic symptoms for people above 15 years old is 2,03%. People with schizophrenia have low productivity and require a life long treatment which cause high social and economical burden. The availibility of primary public health is associated with decreased schizophrenia’s morbidity rate. Early treatment will influence the outcome of schizophrenia, hence it is important to obtain the knowledge of primary care physicians about the management of schizophrenia. Method: This is a descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Primary Public Health Care in Jakarta. Subjects are doctors who provide mental health services in the selected primary public health. Thirty two subjects were recruited in the study. They were asked to take the questionnaire that could measure the knowledge of the primary care physicians regarding antipsychotics. Prescription patterns were obtained by looking at the prescription data from July to December 2017. Results:  This research shows that about 59,4% physicians have low knowledge about antipsychotics. The physican’s knowledge was mostly obtained from studying at medical faculty (93%). Majority of prescription pattern are inexact (96,9%) and polytherapy (59,7%). This study also shows that there is no correlation between physican’s knowledge about antipsychotics and prescription pattern for schizophrenia management. Conclusion: The physicians of primary health care in DKI Jakarta often prescribed antipsychotics, such as combination of haloperidol and chlorpromazine, with addition of anticholinergics. This is not related to their knowledge about antipsychotics.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan. Bunuh diri tidak hanya terjadi di masyarakat umum namun dapat pula terjadi sebagai kejadian sentinel di rumah sakit. Berdasarkan studi literatur yang ada, bunuh diri tidak hanya terjadi pada pasien dengan diagnosis utama penyakit kejiwaan namun juga pada pasien dengan diagnosis utama penyakit fisik. Saat ini, gambaran karakteristik dan faktor – faktor yang berkaitan dengan derajat keparahan risiko bunuh diri pada pasien dengan diagnosis utama penyakit fisik dalam perawatan inap belum diketahui. Metodologi. Penelitian ini bersifat cross sectional berupa uji analitik untuk mencari faktor – faktor yang berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan risiko bunuh diri pada pasien dengan diagnosis utama penyakit fisik. Sebanyak 105 subjek didapatkan selama empat bulan periode pengambilan data. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner daring yang mencakup faktor sosiodemografi, etiologi, faktor terkait bunuh diri lainnya dan instrument CSSR-S. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan untuk mencari hubungan pada analisis bivariat adalah uji fisher sedangkan uji hipotesis regresi logistik dilakukan pada analisis multivariat faktor – faktor yang diduga berkaitan. Hasil. Gambaran karakteristik sosiodemografi menunjukan mayoritas subjek berusia dewasa (81%), perempuan (63,8%), beragama Islam (81%), dan bersuku Jawa (65,7%). Mayoritas subjek tidak bekerja (59%), sudah menikah (70,5%), dan berpendidikan terakhir SMA/SMK (37,1%). Pada faktor etiologi didapatkan, diagnosis utama penyakit fisik terbanyak adalah kanker, sebanyak 44,8% dan sebagian besar subjek tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga mengakhiri hidup (92,4%). Lebih dari separuh subjek memiliki stresor psikologis (54,3%) dan sistem pendukung sebanyak 96,2%. Pada faktor terkait bunuh diri lainnya didapatkan, subjek dengan frekuensi kemunculan ide bunuh diri 1 kali per minggu dan durasi kemunculan bunuh diri lebih dari 8 jam per hari memiliki persentase jumlah yang sama yaitu sebanyak 4,8%. Mayoritas subjek yang tidak memiliki riwayat ide dan upaya bunuh diri selama hidup dengan presentase yang sama (91,2%). Kebanyakan subjek menyatakan tidak memiliki paparan dengan informasi terkait bunuh diri(55,2%). Akses dan motivasi terhadap ide bunuh diri mayoritas tidak dimiliki subjek. Sebanyak 71,4% subjek menyatakan tidak memiliki ide terkait akses maupun motivasi bunuh diri. Mayoritas subjek memiliki risiko keparahan bunuh diri derajat rendah (97,1%). Riwayat ide dan upaya bunuh diri memiliki hubungan dengan derajat risiko keparahan bunuh diri (p=0,007; OR=0,778; IK95%=0,549–1,103). Kesimpulan. Adanya riwayat ide dan upaya bunuh diri menjadi hal yang perlu diketahui pada pasien perawatan inap dengan diagnosis penyakit fisik agar kejadian bunuh diri dapat dicegah. ......Introduction. Suicide does not only occur in the general population but can also occur as a sentinel incident in hospitals. Based on existing literature, suicide does not only occur in patients with a primary diagnosis of mental illness but also in patients with a primary diagnosis of physical illness. At present, the description of the characteristics and factors associated with the severity of the risk of suicide in patients with a primary diagnosis of physical illness in hospitalization not yet known. Methodology. This study is a cross-sectional study in the form of an analytical test to look for factors associated with the severity of suicide risk in patients with a primary diagnosis of physical illness. A total of 105 subjects were obtained during the four-month data collection period. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic factors, etiology, other suicide-related factors and the CSSR-S instrument. Hypothesis test used to find the relationship in bivariate analysis is Fisher's test, while the logistic regression hypothesis test is carried out on multivariate analysis of factors that are thought to be related. Results. The description of sociodemographic characteristics shows that the majority of the subjects are adults (81%), female (63.8%), Muslim (81%), and Javanese (65.7%). The majority of the subjects did not work (59%), married (70.5%), and the last education was SMA/SMK (37.1%). In the etiological factor obtained, the main diagnosis of physical disease is cancer, as much as 44.8% and most of the subjects do not have a family history of ending life (92.4%). More than half of the subjects had psychological stressors (54.3%) and 96.2% of support systems. In other suicide-related factors, subjects with the frequency of occurrence of suicidal ideation once per week and duration of occurrence of suicide more than 8 hours per day had the same percentage of 4.8%. The majority of subjects who did not have a history of suicidal ideation and attempts during their lifetime were the same percentage (91.2%). Most of the subjects stated that they had no exposure to information related to suicide (55.2%). The majority of subjects did not have access to and motivation for suicidal ideation. As many as 71.4% of the subjects stated that they did not have any ideas related to access or motivation to commit suicide. The majority of subjects had a low risk of suicide severity (97.1%). History of suicidal ideation and attempts was associated with the degree of risk of suicide severity (p=0.007; OR=0.778; 95% CI=0.549–1.103). Conclusion. History of suicidal ideation and attempts needs to be assessed in hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of physical illness to prevent suicide.

Abstrak :
Prevalensi penyalahguna narkoba di Indonesia masih tinggi hingga saat ini. Penyalahgunaan narkoba, khususnya penyalahgunaan lebih dari satu zat polizat , dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kemampuan kognitif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara penyalahgunaan polizat, khususnya jumlah zat yang disalahgunakan, dengan defisit kelancaran verbal. Penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional ini dilakukan dengan menilai uji kelancaran verbal pada residen Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional BNN, Bogor. Sebanyak 53 pasien rehabilitasi yang pernah menyalahgunakan polizat pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober tahun 2017 dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data penyalahgunaan polizat didapat melalui wawancara dengan subjek dan data tambahan diperoleh melalui rekam medis. Hasil pengujian kelancaran verbal menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi defisit kelancaran verbal adalah sebanyak 54,7 dari 53 orang subjek. Setelah dilakukan analisis penelitian, didapatkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara jumlah zat yang disalahgunakan dengan defisit kelancaran verbal pada subjek. Analisis data lainnya menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara usia dengan kelancaran verbal p=0,044 dan korelasi antara usia penyalahgunaan pertama kali dengan kelancaran verbal p=0,004. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara penyalahgunaan ekstasi dengan kelancaran verbal dan tidak ditemukan pula korelasi yang signifikan antara durasi penyalahgunaan dengan kelancaran verbal. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa defisit kelancaran verbal tidak memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan jumlah zat yang disalahgunakan. Faktor lain yang memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan kelancaran verbal adalah usia penyalahguna dan usia penyalahgunaan pertama kali. ......Prevalence of drug user in Indonesia is still high. Drug abuse, particularly polydrug abuse, can adversely affect cognitive abilities. This study aims to determine the correlation between polydrug abuse, specifically the amount of substances that are abused, with verbal fluency deficit. This study is a cross sectional study that is done by conducting phonological verbal fluency task towards resident of Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional BNN Lido, Bogor. Fifty three residents who are polydrug user in August until October 2017 were chosen by consecutive sampling method. Polydrug abuse data was obtained through interviewing subjects and additional datas were obtained from medical record. Phonological verbal fluency task's results showed that 54.7 from all subjects had a deficit of verbal fluency. Based on the study analysis, it was found that there were no significant correlation between amount of substances abused and verbal fluency deficit. Other data that we analyzed showed that there is a significant correlation between age and verbal fluency p 0,044 and correlation between onset and verbal fluency p 0,004. There is no significant relation between ectasy and verbal fluency and also there is no significant correlation found between duration of drug abuse and verbal fluency. We concluded that the deficit of verbal fluency has no significant correlation with the amount of substances abused. Another factors that have significant correlation with verbal fluency are age and onset of abuse.

Abstrak :
Kasus penyalahgunaan narkoba terus mengalami peningkatan. Tidak jarang penyalahgunaan zat-zat ini dilakukansecara bersamaan polizat. Penyalahgunaan polizat dapat meningkatkan risiko intoksikasi sehingga dampak yangtersering dapat terlihat dengan adanya gangguan atensi dan memori, termasuk memori kerja. Memori kerjaberkaitan erat dengan fungsi sosial dan fungsi pekerjaan seseoang. Sampai saat ini, belum terdapat penelitianmengenai korelasi penyalahgunaan polizat dengan defisit memori kerja sehingga korelasi keduanya perlu diketahuiagar dapat mencegah dampak buruk yang mungkin terjadi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 55 penyalahguna polizatdi Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN Lido dengan menggunakan backward digit span test untuk mengukur memorikerja. Uji normalitas data dilakukan dan diikuti dengan uji korelasi Spearmann. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna, namun jumlah polizat dan memori kerja memiliki korelasi negatif p=0,692. Penyalahguna polizat yang disertai marijuana dengan penyalahguna polizat tanpa marijuana tidakmemiliki perbedaan memori kerja yang signifikan p=0,096. Memori kerja pada penyalahguna polizatmetamfetamin dengan marijuana dan penyalahguna polizat metamfetamin tanpa marijuana juga tidak berbedasignifikan p=0,084. Memori kerja dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain seperti jenis zat yang digunakan,umur, tingkat pendidikan, riwayat penyakit psikosis, dan durasi abstinen. ......Drug abuse cases keep increasing worldwide. Sometimes the abuse of the substances is done simultaneously polydrug. Polydrug abuse may increase the risk of intoxication leading to attention and memory disruption,including working memory. Working memory is closely related to social functions and woking functions of oneindividual. Until now, there has been no research on the correlation of polydrug abuse and working memorydeficits. This correlation needs to be known in order to prevent polydrug abuse adverse effect that may occur. Thisresearch was conducted on 55 polydrug abuse patients in BNN Lido Rehabilitation Center using backward digitspan test to assess the working memory. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between the amount of substance and working memory, but they have negative correlation p 0.692, r 0.055. Marijuanapolydrug abuse and polydrug abuse without marijuana had no significant working memory difference p 0.096. Working memory of methamphetamine polydrug abuse with marijuana and methamphetamine polydrug abusewithout marijuana also did not differ significantly p 0.084. Working memory can be influenced by factors otherthan the amount of substance, such as the type of substance, age, education, history of psychosis, and abstinenceduration.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Penelitian Badan Narkotika Nasional pada tahun 2011 menunjukkan prevalensi orang dengan penyalahgunaan zat di Indonesia sebesar 2,2% atau sekitar 3,8 juta penduduk. Namun, data Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional menunjukkan hanya 6.738 orang yang mendapatkan pelayanan terapi dan rehabilitasi. Salah satu prediktor penting untuk mengetahui sikap seseorang untuk memperolah layanan rehabilitasi adalah kesiapan serta motivasi. University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) adalah salah satu instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai kesiapan orang dengan penyalahgunaan zat serta motivasinya. Tujuan: Melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas alat ukur URICA untuk menilai kesiapan serta motivasi penyalahguna zat untuk menjalani rehabilitasi versi Bahasa Indonesia yang sahih dan andal. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif uji instrumen dengan disain potong lintang. Sampel diambil secara acak sederhana. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah residen yang mengikuti terapi dan rehabilitasi di Unit Terapi dan Rehabilitasi Lido, Badan Narkotika Nasional dan orang dengan penyalahgunaan zat di Pusat Penjangkauan binaan Badan Narkotika Nasional. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan validitas URICA sebesar 0.882 dengan Cronbach alpha sebesar 0.753-0.806 dan reliabilitas test-retest 0.935-1. Nilai di atas atau sama dengan angka tujuh sebagai kelompok yang memiliki motivasi tinggi dan di bawah angka tujuh sebagai kelompok yang memiliki motivasi rendah. Simpulan: Instrumen URICA versi Bahasa Indonesia yang diuji dalam penelitian ini sahih dan handal untuk menilai kesiapan dan motivasi orang dengan penyalahgunaan zat berpartisipasi dalam program terapi dan rehabilitasi. ...... Background: A research conducted by National Narcotics Board in 2011 indicated that the prevalence of substance abuse in Indonesia is approximately 2,2% or 3,8 million people. However, based on Rehabilitation Deputy of National Narcotics Board only 6.738 people have obtained treatment and rehabilitation services. One of the most important predictor to identify one’s attitude to attain rehabilitation services is the readiness and motivation of substance abusers. University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) is one of the instruments utilize to identify readiness to change and motivation of substance abusers. Aim: To conduct validity and reliability test on University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) in order to recognize the readiness to change and motivation of substance abusers undergoing rehabilitation in Bahasa Indonesia. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional instrument study. The sampling design was simple random sampling. The subjects in this study were residents undergoing treatment and rehabilitation services at Lido Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre and Outreach Centre supervised by National Narcotics Board. Result: The validity score of URICA is 0.882 with Cronbach alpha of 0.753-0.806 and a reliability test-retest of 0.935-1. The cut-off score obtained indicated that scores above seven are highly motivated and those below seven are least motivated. Conclusion: The Bahasa Indonesia version of URICA test conducted in this study is valid and reliable to address readiness and motivation of substance abusers to participate in treatment and rehabilitation program.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pasien skizofrenia cenderung berisiko mengalami gangguan metabolik karena risikonya yang cukup tinggi untuk mengalami obesitas. Obesitas meningkatkan risiko morbiditas dislipidemia dan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskuler. Risiko obesitas pada pasien ini diyakini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit skizofrenia itu sendiri, efek samping antipsikotik, diet dan pola gaya hidup yang tidak sehat, seperti tingkat aktivitas yang rendah, kebiasaan merokok, dan mengonsumsi alkohol. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Jiwa Dewasa RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Mei−Juni 2014 untuk menilai tentang profil lipid pada pasien skizofrenia serta korelasinya dengan indikator status gizi dan pola gaya hidup. Sebanyak 47 subjek berhasil menyelesaikan seluruh rangkaian protokol penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar trigliserida pada pasien skizofrenia berkorelasi dengan indeks massa tubuh (r=0,29, p<0,05) dan lingkar pinggang (r=0,34, p<0,05). Kadar kolesterol HDL berkorelasi negatif dengan konsumsi rokok harian (r=-0,35, p<0,05). Sebagian besar subjek pada penelitian ini memiliki profil lipid dalam batas normal, namun perlu diperhatikan bahwa 80,8% subjek memiliki indeks massa tubuh melebihi normal dan 74,5% subjek mengalami obesitas sentral. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengingat keadaan obesitas khususnya obesitas sentral berhubungan erat dengan risiko morbiditas dislipidemia dan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskuler

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ABSTRACT
Patients with schizophrenia tend to be at risk of metabolic disorders because of their higher risk of obesity. Obesity increases the risk of morbidity of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular mortality risk. The risk of obesity in these patients is believed to be caused by several factors associated with schizophrenia itself, antipsychotic side effects, poor diet, and unhealthy lifestyle, such as low levels of activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Adult Mental Clinic RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo in May−June 2014 to assess on lipid profile in patients with schizophrenia and their correlation with indicators of nutritional status and lifestyle patterns. A total of 47 subjects successfully completed the entire series of the study protocol. The results showed that triglyceride levels in schizophrenic patients were correlated with body mass index (r = 0.29, p <0.05) and waist circumference (r = 0.34, p <0.05). HDL cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with daily cigarette consumption (r = -0.35, p <0.05). Most of the subjects in this study had a lipid profile within the normal range, but it should be noted that 80.8% of the subjects had a body mass index above normal and 74.5% of the subjects had central obesity. Further research is needed in view of the state of obesity especially central obesity is closely related to morbidity risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular mortality risk.

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK

 

Nama : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya

Program Studi : Magister Kedokteran Kerja, FKUI

Judul: Pengaruh Stres Kerja Berat Terhadap Kecenderungan Gangguan

  Mental Emosional Pada Staf Manajerial Perusahaan Penanaman 

  Modal Asing

 

Latar belakang

Staf manajerial merupakan aset krusial sebuah Perusahaan karena peranannya dalam memimpin, mengatur, merencanakan dan mengelola sumber daya guna mencapai tujuan Perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, staf manajerial diharapkan sehat baik secara fisik, mental dan sosial.

 

Tujuan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional pada staf manajerial.

 

Metode

Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016 di Perusahaan Penanaman Modal Asing di Jawa Barat menggunakan metode comparative cross sectional. Stres kerja diukur dengan kuesioner Suvei Diagnosis Stres (SDS) sedangkan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional dinilai dengan kuesioner Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90). Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah 105 orang yang terlebih dahulu diminta mengisi kuesioner stres kerja. Kemudian untuk menilai kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional, sebanyak 30 responden dipilih secara acak dari masing-masing kelompok stres kerja ringan-sedang dan stres kerja berat dan diminta mengisi kuesioner SCL-90.

 

Hasil

Prevalensi stres kerja berat pada karyawan manajerial adalah sebesar 35,2%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara stres kerja berat dengan kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 47; 95% CI 7,37-300,17; p<0,001). Komponen stresor kerja yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan gangguan mental emosional adalah beban kerja kualitatif (OR 10,67; 95%CI 1,03–109,94; p 0,047) dan perkembangan karir (OR 10,83; 95%CI 1,03–114,15; p 0,047). Pendidikan merupakan faktor individu yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional (OR 0,17; 95% CI 0,03-0,83; p 0,029). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor pekerjaan terhadap terjadinya kecenderungan gangguan mental emosional.

 

Kata kunci: stres kerja, gangguan mental emosional, manajer

 

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ABSTRACT

 

Name               : Rachmawati Ayu Azhariya

Study Program: Postgraduate program on Occupational Medicine,

              Universitas Indonesia

Title                 : Association of Severe Occupational Stress with Mental Emotional  

              Disorder Tendency among Managerial Staff at a Foreign Cooperation

 

Background

Managerial staff are a crucial asset for their role in lead, organize, plan and manage resources to achieve the Company's objectives. Therefore, managerial staff are expected to be healthy physically, mentally and socially.

 

Objective

This study aims to determine the relationship of severe occupational stress with mental emotional disorder tendency among managerial staff.

 

Method

This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of mental emotional disorder tendency in both group with mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. Based on the sample calculation, required respondents from each group are 30 people. Previously, a descriptive study was conducted to sort the respondents into mild-moderate and severe occupational stress. A total of 105 respondents were randomly selected from the total population of 220 people. Respondents were asked to do self-rating survey with SDS (Stress Diagnostic Survey) questionnaire which assess the occupational stress. Furthermore, 30 respondents were randomly selected from each group of mild-moderate and severe occupational stress to assess the tendency of mental emotional disorder. Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL-90) questionnaire was used to measure the tendency of mental emotional disorders.

 

Result

The prevalence of severe occupational stress on managerial staff is 35.2%. There was a significant association between severe occupational stress with the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 47; 95% CI 7.37-300.17; p <0.001). Components of occupational stressors which statistically significant with mental emotional disorder is the qualitative workload (OR 10.67; 95% CI 1.03-109.94; p 0.047) and career development (OR 10.83; 95% CI 1.03 -114.15; p 0.047). Education is the individual factor statistically significant against the tendency of mental emotional disorder (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.83; p 0.029). There was no significant relationship between work factors with the tendency of mental emotional disorder.

 

 

Keyword: occupational stress, mental emotional disorder, manager.