Abstrak
Paradigma desa membangun merupakan gagasan yang memposisikan desa mandiri dalam menggerakan pembangunan dari bawah, dengan prakarsa lokal atau ide yang digagas melalui adanya interaksi masyarakat yang berskala lokal di kampung. Kewenangan berdasarkan hak asal usul dan kewenangan lokal berskala desa maka setiap kegiatan pembangunan berskala lokal yang ditujukan di kampung merupakan bagian dari desa membangun atau desa menggerakan pembangunan. Upaya pembangunan lokal di kampung Muris Kecil yang ditujukan oleh pemerintah Pusat, Provinsi dan Kabupaten nampak pada pemberian alokasi dana yang besar setiap tahunnya, namun dalam Indeks Desa Membangun 2015, kampung Muris Kecil masuk dalam dalam kategori tertinggal atau kampung tertinggal. Menarik untuk dilihat bagaimana implementasi kewenangan lokal yang dimiliki kampung dalam mengelola pembangunan dikampung muris kecil menuju desa mandiri, melalui transparasi, akuntabilitas dan pelibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan Musrenbang melalui alur perencanaan, pelaksanaan, hingga pelaporan setiap kegiatan pembangunan yang lakukan di kampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik wawancara mendalam serta observasi langsung di kampung Muris Kecil. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa implementasi kewenangan lokal dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan belum mampu diwujudkan sebagaimana mestinya dan penerapannya masih terhambat karena beberapa hal antara lain kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang kompeten, akses masyarakat terhadap informasi untuk memahami informasi–informasi yang penting terkait pengelolaan pembangunan dikampung masih sangat kurang, lemahnya peranan institusi lokal yang ada dikampung untuk menunjang adanya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam setiapkegiatan pembangunan dan lemahnya peran institusi lokal kemasyarkatan dalam mengelola isu politik lokal yang sangat kental dengan monopoli dan kesewenang-wenangan dari pemerintah kampung sebagai penyelenggara pembangunan dikampung, selain itu juga belum ada skala prioritas dan komitmen dalam menetapkan program, kemudian juga tantangan yang ada juga seperti kekuatan birokrasi politik lokal yang berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan kewenangan di kampung dan seringkali menghadirkan praktek - praktek politik praktis dalam pelaksanaan program yang diasistensi oleh dinas atau organisasi perangkat daerah kabupaten sampai dengan proses pembuatan laporan pertanggungjawaban atas program kegiatan yang dilakukan dikampung, dan yang terakhir adalah terbentuknya pengelompokan masyarakat sebagai bagian dari protes masyarakat dimana pemerintahan kampung tidak mengedepankan asas demokrasi juga buruknya tatakelola pemerintah kampung yang berbasis akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan partisipatif sehingga pembangunan menuju kemandirian kampung tidak dapat diwujudkan.
Issues of local authority in the implementation of village development
In Kampung Muris Kecil, Jayapura Regency, Papua Province
Abstract
The village building paradigm is an idea that positions independent villages in moving development from below, with local initiatives or ideas initiated through local community interaction in the village. Authority based on origin rights and village-scale local authority then any local scale development activities aimed at villages are part of the building village or the village moves development. Local development efforts in the village of Muris Kecil addressed by the Central, Provincial and District governments appear in the provision of large funds every year, but in the 2015 Village Development Index, the village of Muris Kecil falls into the category of lagging or disadvantaged villages. It is interesting to see how the implementation of local authority possessed by the village in managing development in the village of small muris to independent villages, through transparency, accountability and involvement of the community in Musrenbang activities through the planning, implementation, and reporting of each development activity carried out in the village. This study used a qualitative approach and in-depth interview techniques and direct observation in the village of Muris Kecil. The results of the study show that the implementation of local authority in the implementation of development has not been able to be properly realized and its implementation is still hampered because several things include lack of competent human resources, public access to information to understand important information related to village development management is still very lacking the weak role of local institutions in the village to support community involvement in all development activities and the weak role of local institutions in managing local political issues that are very thick with monopoly and arbitrariness from the village government as organizers of development in the village. priorities and commitments in establishing programs, then also the challenges that exist as well as the strength of local political bureaucracy that influences management of authority in the village and often presents practice - Practical political practices in the implementation of programs that are supported by the district offices or organizations up to the process of making accountability reports on activities carried out in the village, and finally the formation of community groupings as part of community protests where village governments do not put forward the principles of democracy and poor governance village government based on accountability, transparency and participation so that development towards village independence cannot be realized.
Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang implementasi kebijakan Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) sebagai upaya peningkatan posisi tawar petani kecil di Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model implementasi kebijakan George Edwards III, bahwa implementasi dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor yaitu komunikasi, sumberdaya, kecenderungan pelaksana kebijakan dan struktur organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap delapan informan dan observasi lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa para pemegang kepentingan sudah melaksanakan ketentuan yang tercakup dalam empat faktor tersebut. Meski demikian, ada beberapa hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian lebih karena pertanian adalah bidang pekerjaan utama di Kabupaten Cianjur. Dengan berpartisipasi dalam sistem SRG, petani dapat melakukan tunda jual dan berpeluang untuk mendapatkan harga yang lebih baik serta meningkatkan kualitas produksinya, yang kemudian berdampak pada peningkatan penghasilan dan kesejahteraan sosialnya.
This study examines implementation of the Warehouse Receipt System (SRG) policy in improving the bargaining position of small farmers in Cianjur Regency, West Java. The study adopts George Edwards III's policy implementation model which state that policy implementation is influenced by four factors, namely communication, resources, the propensity of implementing policies and organizational structure. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interview to eight respondents and field observation. The study shows that stakeholders have implemented the provisions covered by these four factors. However, there are some aspects that need more attention because agriculture is the main livehood in Cianjur Regency. By participating in the SRG system, farmers can postpone selling and have the opportunity to get better prices as well as to improve the quality of their commodities, which in turn has an impact on increasing their income as well as social welfare.
The role of cadres is very important in improving posyandu services, therefore we need to strengthen the role of cadre as a source of health information and to encourage mothers with children under five years old to come to the posyandu. Through one of HSBC CSR programs called Pos Pintar Project, cadres are capacitated through the training of mobile-Posyandu applications so that they can provide better services to mothers with children under five years old who come to the posyandu. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of summative evaluation research. The result shows that posyandu cadres who use mobile-Posyandu applications are more helpful when monitoring the child's growth and development. The result of the monitoring submitted into the application which faster than the manual method. This application also supports cadres in providing counseling for mothers with children under five years old. It helps mothers to understand the counseling given by the cadres easier, so that they practice how to give appropriate feeding to their children. Given this situation, the capacity improvement for posyandu cadre through CSR program needs to be scaled up. However, improvement needs to made is some areas such as advocacy to the local government, staff management, as well as resolve technical issues that often appears in the mobile-Posyandu application
