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Abstrak :
Yogurt adalah makanan yang banyak digemari masyarakat saat ini dan bermanfaat pada kesehatan secara umum bila dikonsumsi dengan cukup. Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa bakteri probiotik dapat mengurangi jumlah bakteri patogen periodontal. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek yogurt terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis, yang merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen periodontal. Metode: Yogurt dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100% diinokulasikan dengan bakteri P. gingivalis dan kemudian dilakukan penghitungan jumlah koloni bakteri P. gingivalis. Hasil: Jumlah koloni bakteri P. gingivalis pada media blood agar menurun sesuai dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi yogurt. Kesimpulan: Yogurt memiliki efek inhibisi terhadap bakteri P. gingivalis.

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Yogurt is a popular food and gives health benefits when consumed in sufficient amounts. A research stated that probiotic bacteria in yogurt had the ability to reduce the number of periodontal pathogens. Objectives: To analyze the effect of yogurt on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen. Method: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% yogurt concentrations was inoculated with P. gingivalis and the number of colonies of P. gingivalis formed was counted. Results: The number of colonies of formed on blood agar was decreased with higher concentrations of yogurt. Conclusion: Yogurt has an inhibitory effect towards P. gingivalis.

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ABSTRAK
Yogurt merupakan makanan kesehatan yang popular saat ini. Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa bakteri probiotik di dalam yogurt mampu menghambat pertumuhan bakteri patogen periodontal. Tujuan : Mengetahui efek yogurt terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri F. nucleatum yang merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen periodontal. Metode : Yogurt dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% diinokulasi dengan bakteri F. nucleatum, kemudian dilakukan penghitungan koloni bakteri F.nucleatum. Hasil : Terlihat penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri F. nucleatum sejalan dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi yogurt. Kesimpulan : Yogurt mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri F. nucleatum, in vitro.

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ABSTRACT
Yogurt is a popular healthy food. A research proved that probiotic bacteria in yogurt have the ability to inhibit periodontal pathogen bacteria. Objectives : To study the effect of yogurt on the growth of F. nucleatum as one of the periodontal pathogen bacteria. Methods : 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% yogurt concentrations inoculated with F. nucleatum, then the amount of F.nucleatum colonies was counted. Result : The amount of F. nucleatum colonies decreased with higher concentrations of yogurt. Conclusion : Yogurt has the ability to inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum, in vitro.

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Human Platelet Lysate (HPL) merupakan suplemen medium kultur yang dapat digunakan pada kultur HUVEC. Belum diketahui pengaruh HPL tanpa penambahan faktor pertumbuhan terhadap ekspresi CD34 pada HUVEC. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi penggunaan HPL tanpa penambahan faktor pertumbuhan terhadap ekspresi CD34. Metode: HUVEC dikultur menggunakan FBS dan HPL dengan penambahan faktor pertumbuhan (EGF dan bFGF) serta HPL tanpa penambahan faktor pertumbuhan diuji menggunakan FACS. Hasil: Ekspresi CD34 pada kelompok perlakuan HPL tanpa penambahan faktor pertumbuhan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: HPL tanpa penambahan faktor pertumbuhan dapat digunakan sebagai suplemen pada kultur HUVEC.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Human Platelet Lysate (HPL) is widely used as a serum replacement in cell culture. Effect of HPL without additional growth factor on CD34 expression is unknown. Objective: To evaluate the effect of HPL without growth factor on HUVEC CD34 expression. Method: HUVEC cultured in medium supplemented with HPL with or without growth factor (EGF and bFGF) and FBS and were examined by FACS. Results: CD34 expression of HUVEC cultured without additional growth factor were not significantly differ to control group (p>0,05). Conclusion: HPL without additional growth factor can be used as a suplement in HUVEC culture medium.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pengaruh Human Platelat Lysate (HPL) tanpa penambahan EGF dan bFGF dalam medium kultur HUVEC terhadap ekspresi CD45 belum diketahui sebelumnya. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan HPL tanpa penambahan EGF dan bFGF terhadap ekspresi CD45 pada HUVEC. Metode: HUVEC dikultur menggunakan FBS 2% dan HPL 2% dengan penambahan EGF dan bFGF serta HPL 2% dan HPL 5% tanpa penambahan EGF dan bFGF, kemudian ekspresi CD45 dianalisis dengan FACS. Hasil: Ekspresi CD45 pada HPL tanpa penambahan EGF dan bFGF tidak berbeda dibandingkan dengan FBS dan HPL dengan penambahan EGF dan bFGF. Simpulan: Penggunaan HPL tanpa penambahan EGF dan bFGF dalam medium kultur HUVEC tidak berpengaruh terhadap ekspresi CD45 pada HUVEC.

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ABSTRACT Background: Effect of HPL without additional EGF and bFGF in HUVEC culture medium on CD45 expression has not been studied previously. Objective: To evaluate the effect of HPL without additional EGF and bFGF on HUVEC CD45 expression. Method: HUVEC cultured with FBS 2%, HPL 2% with EGF and bFGF addition, HPL 2% and HPL 5% without EGF and bFGF addition, CD45 expression were then analysed with FACS. Result: CD45 expression of HUVEC cultured in HPL without additional EGF and bFGF were not different significantly compared to FBS and HPL with additional EGF and bFGF. Conclusions: The Use of HPL without additional EGF and bFGF in HUVEC culture medium did not affect HUVEC CD45 expression.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol berantai karbon lima (polyol) yang banyak digunakan sebagai pemanis alami dalam bentuk permen karet untuk mencegah karies gigi. Xylitol memiliki efek antikaries karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. mutans yang merupakan salah satu agen utama penyebab karies gigi, menurunkan pembentukan plak dan meningkatkan remineralisasi gigi. Pulpa gigi berperan penting bagi vitalitas gigi. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat berpenetrasi dan menimbulkan efek biologik pada sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek xylitol terhadap viabilitas dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi (in vitro). Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, dan dikultur dalam medium kultur DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Selanjutnya sel-sel tersebut disubkultur pada kondisi yang sama selama semalam di 24-wellplate. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16%. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak diberi xylitol. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan MTT assay. Sedangkan profil protein dianalisis dengan SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata optical density (OD) kelompok xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), dan 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,566 ± 0,069). Uji statistik Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Persentase viabilitas sel diperoleh dari rerata optical density. Viabilitas sel kelompok xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (100%). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, tampak perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi. Simpulan: terdapat peningkatan viabilitas sel dan perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol. ......Background: xylitol is five carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) which is used as natural sweetener in chewing gum to prevent dental caries. Xylitol has anticaries effect as it can inhibit the growth of S. Mutans, one of the main etiology of dental caries, decrease plaque formation, and increase tooth remineralization. Dental pulp has an important role in dental vitality. In exposed dental pulp, xylitol can penetrate and induce biological response of the cells. Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol to cell viability and protein profile of dental pulp cells (in vitro). Method: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth, and were cultured in DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) until confluent. Subsequently, they were subcultured in same condition overnight on 24-well plate. Afterwards, the treatment groups were exposed by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol. Whilst, the control group was not exposed by xylitol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Whereas, the protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE. Results: the mean of optical density of treatment group with xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), and 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) were higher than control group (1,566 ± 0,069). Statistical test Oneway ANOVA showed that all the treatment groups were significantly different compared with the control (p<0,05). The percentage of cell viability was obtained from the mean of optical density. The cell viability of xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) were higher than control group (100%). From SDS PAGE, there was protein profile alteration. Conclusion: there was an increased of cell viability and the alteration of protein profile of dental pulp cells after treated with xylitol.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans penyebab karies gigi. Namun belum diketahui efek pemaparan xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat menimbulkan efek biologik. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol dalam beberapa konsentrasi terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi secara in vitro. Metode: sampel penelitian berasal dari sel-sel pulpa gigi sehat (tanpa karies) yang baru diekstraksi. Selanjutnya dikultur selama semalam dan dilanjutkan dengan subkultur selama semalam. Kemudian kelompok perlakuan xylitol dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi paparan xylitol. Protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan metode Bradford assay dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) sel-sel pulpa gigi kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (23031,305 ± 1636,87), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 4% (26380,865 ± 3278,0), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 8% (23192,574 ± 1441,39), dan kelompok perlakuan xylitol 16% (21498,481 ± 2633,37) memiliki rerata konsentrasi protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (19013,045 ± 2188,51) dan memiliki perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan uji statistik Oneway ANOVA. Namun, antar kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Pada gambaran profil protein, tampak terjadi perubahan profil protein pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% dan 8%. Simpulan: pada penelitian ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi protein total dan perubahan profil protein selsel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is sugar alcohol with 5 carbon atom in the molecule which has many benefits for human health. In dentistry, xylitol is an anti-cariogenic agent as it can inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. Nevertheless, the effect of xylitol exposure to dental pulp cells has not been known yet. Dental pulp is a sensitive tissue toward exposure of several agents. In the exposed dental pulp, xylitol can cause biological effects. Objectives: the effect of xylitol with several concentrations determined to total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells culture. Methods: the dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth (non-caries). Furthermore, dental pulp cells were cultured overnight and then subcultured another overnight. Afterwards, xylitol treatment group was exposured by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol, while control group was not exposured by xylitol. Total protein cells was measured by Bradford assay method and protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE. Results: the mean of total protein (µg/ml ± SD) cells concentration? of 2% xylitol group (23031,305 ± 1636,87), 4% xylitol group (26380,865 ± 3278,0), 8% xylitol group (23192,574 ± 1441,39), and 16% xylitol group (21498,481 ± 2633,37) were statistically higher than the control group (19013,045 ± 2188,51). However, there were not significant differences between 2%, 8%, and 16% xylitol groups. From the result of SDS PAGE, it was shown that there was altered protein profile in 2% and 8% xylitol group. Conclusions: in this research, the concentration of total protein cells were increased and the cells protein profile was altered in the dental pulp cells after xylitol exposured.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: xylitol merupakan gula alkohol (polyols) dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang dilaporkan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai bahan antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Namun, efek xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi belum diketahui. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat menimbulkan efek biologik sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol terhadap protein total dan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi. Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur dalam medium DMEM (37ºC, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Kemudian dilakukan subkultur dengan kondisi yang sama selama semalam. Kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, tetapi kelompok kontrol tidak dipapar xylitol. Konsentrasi protein total medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan Bradford protein assay pada panjang gelombang 655 nm. Sedangkan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan teknik SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (24.253,71 ± 2.363,29), xylitol 4% (21.925,42 ± 1.001,38), xylitol 8% (25.456,51 ± 4.569,45), dan xylitol 16% (26.306,66 ± 5.550,82) secara statistik dengan Oneway ANOVA lebih rendah bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (33.395,64 ± 4.209,08). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, ternyata tidak terjadi perubahan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol. Simpulan: konsentrasi protein total medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi menurun setelah pemaparan dengan xylitol, namun profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi tidak mengalami perubahan.

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Background: xylitol is one of sugar alcohol (polyols) with 5 carbon atoms which is reported to have benefits to our health. In dentistry, xylitol has anti-caries effect as the growth of Streptococcus mutans could be inhibited. However, the xylitol effects on dental pulp have not been known yet. Dental pulp tissue is sensitive to foreign substances. Xylitol could penetrate the exposed dental pulp and induce the biological response of the cells. Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol on dental pulp cells determined by total protein and protein profile of culture medium of the dental pulp cells (in vitro). Methods: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth. Then, they were cultured in DMEM medium (37ºC, 5% CO2) until confluent approximately 2 days. Subsequently they were subcultured and used as samples. The treatment groups were treated with xylitol 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for overnight, while the control groups without xylitol. The total protein of culture medium was determined by Bradford protein assay in 655 nm. Whereas, the protein profile of culture medium were analized by SDS PAGE method. Results: the mean of total protein? concentration (µg/ml ± SD) of culture medium in treatment groups with xylitol 2% (24.253,71 ± 2.363,29), xylitol 4% (21.925,42 ± 1.001,38), xylitol 8% (25.456,51 ± 4.569,45), dan xylitol 16% (26.306,66 ± 5.550,82) were lower than control group (33.395,64 ± 4.209,08). The comparison between the controls and treatment groups were analysed by Oneway ANOVA. All the treatment groups were signifcantly different compared with the controls (p<0,05). By SDS PAGE, the protein profile of culture medium in all treatment groups was not altered. Conclusion: the total protein? concentration of culture medium of the dental pulp cells were decreased after treated with xylitol. However, the protein profile of culture medium of dental pulp cells was not altered.

Abstrak :
Penentuan jenis kelamin dan ras penting untuk identifikasi forensik. Tujuan: Menentukan jenis kelamin dan ras berdasarkan nilai referensi dan ukuran mesiodistal (MD) dan bukolingual (BL) gigi. Metode: Dilakukan pengukuran lebar MD dan BL pada 80 gigi molar satu rahang atas (M1 RA) dari laki-laki dan perempuan Batak dan Tionghoa. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan ukuran gigi M1 RA antar jenis kelamin dan ras (p<0,05), kecuali pada ukuran BL perempuan Batak dengan Tionghoa. Nilai referensi penentuan jenis kelamin ukuran BL 11,48 mm; MD 10,35 mm, penentuan suku laki-laki ukuran BL 11.88 mm; MD 10,65 mm, sedangkan perempuan BL 11,27 mm; MD 10,08 mm. Kesimpulan: Ukuran gigi M1 RA dapat dijadikan parameter penentuan jenis kelamin dan ras pada populasi suku Batak dan Tionghoa di Indonesia. ...... Sex and race determination are crucial aspects in human identification. Objective: To determine sex and race of an individual based on maxillary first molar crown dimensions. Methods: 160 Maxillary first molars of Chinese and Batak population were measured. Results: The differences between male and female; Batak and Chinese in all dimensions measured were statistically significant (p<0.05) except for the right and left buccolingual dimensions of Batak females and Chinese females. Sex determination reference point for buccolingual (BL) was 11.48 mm; mesiodistal (MD) was 10.35 mm, male race determination for BL was 11.88 mm; for MD was 10.65 mm, female race determination for BL was 11.27 mm; and for MD was 10.08 mm. Conclusion: Permanent Maxillary first molar crown dimensions can be used to determine sex and race in Batak and Chinese population in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Barodontalgia adalah nyeri gigi yang disebabkan oleh perubahan tekanan udara lingkungan dan dapat terjadi pada penerbang yang mengalami perubahan tekanan udara saat fase terbang. Barodontalgia merupakan gejala perkembangan dari kondisi patologis gigi yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kondisi patologis karies dentin, pulpitis, nekrosis, periodontitis apikalis, restorasi rusak, serta impaksi molar ketiga dengan kejadian barodontalgia pada penerbang sipil Indonesia. Metode: Cross-sectional, subjek dipilih non-random yang memiliki kondisi patologis. Pemeriksaan klinis dan kuesioner diberikan pada 210 subjek. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Dua puluh lima subjek (12,3%) dari 204 subjek mengalami barodontalgia. Kondisi patologis yang berhubungan dengan barodontalgia adalah pulpitis. ...... Background: Barodontalgia is a tooth pain caused by changes in ambient barometric pressure and could affected a pilot. Barodontalgia is a symptom of pre-existing pathological condition of tooth. Aim: To analyze the relationship of pathological conditions dentine caries, pulpitis, pulp necrosis, apical periodontitis, defective tooth restoration, and impacted third molars with barodontalgia on Indonesian civilian pilots. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Selected non-random, based on dental pathological conditions. Clinical examination and questionnaire were given to 210 subjects. Results and Summary: Twenty five (12,3%) from 204 subjects experienced barodontalgia. Pathological condition that has significant relationship with barodontalgia is pulpitis.

Abstrak :
Xanthorrhizol yang di isolasi dari Temulawak dapat mempertahankan pH model biofilm in vitro selama 4 jam. Diketahui KBM ekstrak Temulawak terhadap S. mutans 25%. Tujuan : Menganalisis efek ekstrak Temulawak 25% terhadap demineralisasi email yang terpapar biofilm S.mutans. Metode : Model biofilm diperoleh dengan mengkultur S.mutans yang sudah ditanam dalam TYS broth selama 24 jam pada 6 well ?plate yang telah dilapisi pelikel. Ekstrak Temulawak dipaparkan pada model biofilm pada berbagai durasi antara 1-48 jam. Pengukuran pH menggunakan pH universal indicator. Model biofilm juga ditumbuhkan pada permukaan sample gigi. Pemaparan Ekstrak Temulawak dilakukan pada jam ke 16-20. Uji kekerasan mikro menggunakan indenter Knoop sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil : Sampai dengan jam ke 4, pH model biofilm yang terpapar Ekstrak Temulawak 25% tidak mengalami penurunan pH. Tidak terlihat efek Ekstrak Temulawak terhadap kekerasan permukaan email. Kesimpulan : Ekstrak Temulawak 25% mampu menghambat penurunan pH biofilm, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap demineralisasi email. ...... Xanthorrhizol isolated from Java turmeric is able to maintain the pH of biofilm model in vitro for 4 hours. It was known that MBC of Java turmeric extract was 25%. Purpose: To analyse the effect of 25% Java turmeric extract on email demineralization exposed to S. mutans biofilm. Methods: Biofilm model was obtained by culturizing S. mutans which was cultured on TYS Broth during 24 hours on 6 well- plates which was layered by pellicle. Java turmeric Extract was added to biofilm model at various duration between 1-48 hours. pH measurement using pH universal indicator. Biofilm model was also cultured at tooth sample surface. Java turmeric extract was added at 16-20 hours. Micro hardness test was conducted using Knoop indenter before and after the intervention. Result : After 4 hours, the pH of biofilm model which was exposed to Java turmeric 25% was not decreasing. No difference was found on the enamel micro hardness between experiment and control groups. Conclusion : Java turmeric 25% is able to prevent reduction of biofilm pH, but does not have effect on enamel demineralization.