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"Semenjak Kevin Lynch menerbitkan The Image of The City (1960) tentang studi citra kota telah banyak perubahan terhadap tesis Lynch tersebut bahwa citra kota yang tadinya terbentuk dari interaksi warga kota dengan lingkungannya ternyata juga saat ini dipengaruhi oleh media massa. Kemajuan teknologi komunikasi dan infotmasi menyebabkan interaksi seseorang dengan suatu tempat bisa bersifat tidak langsung dan menembus betas - batas spasial Penemuan mesin cetak yang mampu mernproduksi materi publikasi secara massal, serta penemuan telegram dan telepon sebagai cikal bakal pengiriman pesan jarak jauh menjedi sempurna katika televisi diciptakan. Teknologi komunikasi dan infonnasi ini salah satunya berwujud da1am bentuk industri media massa, yaitu cetak dan elektronik. Industri ini telah berkembang menjadi insitusi sosial yang mampu mempengaruhi dan membangun publik opini, tennasuk citra suatu kota.Dalam pemarasan kota tujuan utamanya adalah membangun citrn kota.Citra kota yang balk dan menarik akan mengundang pihak - pihak lain untuk berinvestasl dan berkunjung. Dorongan menjadikan kota sebagai komoditi menyebabkan citra kota yang tampak secara fisik cenderung seragam karena mengedepankan kepentingan ekonomi scmata sebagaimana kota - kota global lainnya. Kota- kota telah menjadi produk mengabaikan identitas kota yang dibutuhkan sebagai identifikasi oleh warga kota untuk membangun sense of place. Kota tidak Jagi memiliki place identity. Karenanya pemerintah kota perlu melakukan city branding sebagai bagian dari pembangunan place brand berbasis komunikasi primer dan sekunder.Jakarta, Surabaya dan Bandung adalah tiga kota utama di Indonesia berdasarkan jumlah penduduk dan produktivitas ekonomi menonjol di banding kota- kota 1ainnya di Indonesia. Citra ketiga kota dianalisa berdasarkan pemberitaan media cetak Kompas edisi Agustus 2009- 2010.Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa citra kota-kota tersebut di media cetak negatif, karena mereka tidak memiliki pesan yang kuat karena mengabaikan identitas kota dan dimensi kinerja kota yang baik, dan manager kota gagal memanfaatkan komunikasi primer dan sekunder. Kegagalan diperkuat oleh kecenderungan media memproduksi berita bertone negatif sebagai bagian dari fungsi sosial media.

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Since Kevin Lyacb pnblished 1'he Image of the City (1960) the study have been in many changes from Lynch thesis that the image of the city came from the interaction of citizens with the current environment that was also influenced by mass media. Advances in communications technology and information causes a person's interaction with a place can be indirect and through the boundaries - spatial boundaries. Communications and information technology is one of them intangible in the form of mass media industry, which is printed and electronic. The industry has evolved into a social institution that is able to influence and build public opinion, including the image of a city.In the city marketing, the main goal is to build the image of the city. The good and interesting image will invite parties to invest and visit the city. Encouragement made the city as a commodity causes the image of the city that looked physically inclined uniform because the interests of economy only as the city other global cities. If a city is becoming a product ignoring its identity and failing people to identity with it then it no longer has a place identity. Therefore the city government needs to do city branding as part of the development of place based brand as a primary and secondary communication.Jakarta, Surabaya and Bandung are the three major cities in Indonesia based on population and economic productivity in the appeal of prominent cities in Indonesia. The image of the cities are analyzed based on print media coverage in Kompas issued from August 2009 to August 2010. Using qualitative case study method, the stories of these cities are classified into categories and subcategories based on frequency and valance.The Research found that the image of the three cities in a printed mass media are negative because they do not have a strong message due to neglecting the city identity and performance dimensions of a good town not to mention that city managers failed to take advantage primary and secondary communication to build the image of the city. Failure is reinforced by the tendency of news media to produce negative tone news as part of the social function of media."

"Berdasarkan data BPS 2020, DKI Jakarta memiliki 5.159 tempat kuliner, dengan 1.424 di Jakarta Selatan. Jakarta Selatan juga memiliki pengguna internet terbanyak, dengan lebih dari 90% menggunakan media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik tempat kuliner sebagai wisata kuliner di Jakarta Selatan dan pengaruh placemaking dari media sosial pada persepsi konsumen. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif dan spasial menggunakan data dari Twitter, wawancara, observasi, dan data spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesamaan karakteristik tempat kuliner di Gultik Blok M dan Sate Sambas karena berada di Kawasan Blok M yang dipengaruhi stasiun MRT dan Terminal Blok M. Taichan Senayan, meskipun di Kebayoran Lama, dipengaruhi kawasan Senayan, pusat perbelanjaan, akomodasi, olahraga, perkantoran, stasiun Palmerah, dan halte transportasi. Persebaran Konsumen dari Jabodetabek hingga luar kota menunjukkan fenomena sosial dan potensi tempat wisata kuliner. Media sosial berperan penting membentuk persepsi Konsumen dan identitas tempat. Analisis word cloud dan sentimen menunjukkan kesan positif terhadap ketiga tempat kuliner. Terbentuklah identitas baru tempat-tempat tersebut sebagai wisata kuliner.

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Based on BPS 2020 data, DKI Jakarta has 5,159 culinary places, with 1,424 in South Jakarta. South Jakarta also has the most internet users, with more than 90% using social media. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of culinary places as culinary tourism in South Jakarta and the influence of placemaking from social media on consumer perceptions. The analysis methods used include descriptive and spatial analysis using data from Twitter, interviews, observations, and spatial data. The results showed similarities in the characteristics of culinary places in Gultik Blok M and Sate Sambas because they are located in the Blok M area which is influenced by the MRT station and Terminal Blok M. Taichan Senayan, although in Kebayoran Lama, is influenced by the Senayan area, shopping centers, accommodation, sports, offices, Palmerah station, and transportation stops. The distribution of visitors from Jabodetabek to outside the city shows the social phenomenon and potential of culinary attractions. Social media plays an important role in shaping visitor perceptions and place identity. Word cloud and sentiment analysis showed a positive impression of the three culinary places. A new identity of these places as culinary tourism is formed."

"Jalan Braga merupakan salah satu jalan bersejarah di Kota Bandung dan merupakan bagian dari kawasan cagar budaya yang memiliki daya tarik tersendiri karena sejarah serta bangunan peninggalan masa kolonial yang kini ditetapkan sebagai bangunan cagar budaya. Jalan yang pada dahulu dikenal sebagai jalanan elit karena berbagai pertokoan kelas satu, kini mengalami banyak perubahan dan permasalahan seperti banyaknya bangunan terbengkalai dan kemacetan yang sering kali terjadi dan belum dapat diselesaikan. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada munculnya berbagai persepsi masyarakat Kota Bandung terhadap Jalan Braga yang dapat dilihat dari place brand image yang terbentuk di Jalan Braga berdasarkan kondisi masa kini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi lapang dan mental map. Hasil wawancara kemudian dilakukan triangulasi dengan observasi lapang, studi literatur, artikel daring serta jawaban informan dengan topik yang sama guna meningkatkan derajat kepercayaan pada data yang didapatkan sehingga hasil penelitian dapat dipercaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan terdapat beberapa brand image yang terbentuk di Jalan Braga yakni Jalan Braga kini disebut sebagai “Kota Tua”, “Kota Wisata”, “Pusat Kuliner” yang termasuk pada brand image positif serta “Pusat Kemacetan” dan “Tempat Kumuh” yang termasuk pada brand image negatif. Brand image positif tersebar di seluruh segmen Jalan Braga sedangkan brand image negatif hanya terdapat di segmen 3 dan 4.

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Braga Street is one of the historical streets located in Bandung. It is part of a cultural heritage area that is attractive because of its historical value and colonial heritage buildings that have been designated as cultural heritage buildings. The street was once renowned as an elite street due to its many first-class shops, but it is now undergoing various changes and problems including many abandoned buildings and frequent traffic jams. These changes and problems can cause a variety of perceptions among Bandung people as evidenced by the place brand image that has formed on Braga Street in response to present circumstances. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, field observations, and mental maps. The results of the interviews were triangulated with field observations, literature studies, online articles, and answers from other informants on the same topic. The results showed that there are numerous brand images formed on Braga Street such as “Old Town”, “Tourism City” and “Culinary Center” which are included in the positive brand images. On the other hand, “Congestion Center”, “Slum Place” are included in the negative brand images. Positive brand images are spread in all segments of Braga Street while the negative brand images can only be found in segment 3 and 4."

"Jumlah kunjungan wisatawan merupakan salah satu aspek terpenting bagi setiap destinasi wisata, termasuk Kota Tua Jakarta. Ditutupnya Kota Tua Jakarta untuk sementara sebagai dampak dari pemberlakuan pembatasan kegiatan sosial akibat covid-19 dan dilakukannya revitalisasi pada tahun 2022 menyebabkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan menurun cukup signifikan. Penerapan place branding dan place image diduga dapat menjadi solusi untuk membangkitkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan berdasarkan pengambilan keputusan untuk berkunjung. Pasca revitalisasi, Gubernur Provinsi DKI Jakarta menetapkan branding “Batavia” untuk Kota Tua Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan place branding dan place image di Kota Tua Jakarta setelah revitalisasi tahun 2022 serta pengaruhnya terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 118 orang responden, wawancara, serta observasi lapang. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis spasial deskriptif dan analisis statistik dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas penerapan place branding di Kota Tua Jakarta setelah revitalisasi tahun 2022 dapat dikatakan baik. Sementara itu, variabel place image berada pada kategori sangat baik. Beberapa tempat yang menurut wisatawan paling berkesan, yaitu Museum Sejarah Jakarta atau Museum Fatahillah, Taman Fatahillah, dan Café Batavia. Citra tempat di Kawasan Kota Tua Jakarta terdiri dari “tempat edukatif”, “tempat bersantai”, “tempat panas”, “tempat berfoto”, “tempat bersejarah”, “tempat dengan desain yang bagus”, dan “tempat yang mengharukan”. Persebaran citra tempat di Kota Tua Jakarta berdasarkan jenisnya cenderung terpusat di sekitar kawasan Taman Fatahillah, karena tempat tersebut merupakan pusat dari Kota Tua Jakarta sebagai destinasi wisata. Hal ini juga didukung oleh persebaran lokasi atraksi wisata yang berada dalam jangkauan jarak umum pejalan kaki dari titik pusat Taman Fatahillah, sehingga wisatawan dapat dengan mudah mengunjungi tempat-tempat tersebut dan memiliki pengalaman serta memori yang lebih kuat. Lebih lanjut, place brandingdan place image memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan ke Kota Tua Jakarta setelah revitalisasi tahun 2022, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan variabel place image lebih dominan dalam memberikan pengaruh terhadap keputusan berkunjung wisatawan, jika dibandingkan dengan place branding.

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The number of tourist visits is one of the most important aspects for every tourist destination, including Kota Tua Jakarta. The temporary closure of Kota Tua Jakarta as a result of the implementation of restrictions on social activities due to Covid-19 and revitalization in 2022 caused the number of tourist visits to decline significantly. The application of place branding and place image is thought to be a solution to generate the number of tourist visits based on decision-making to visit. After the revitalization, the Governor of DKI Jakarta Province established the "Batavia" branding for Kota Tua Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the application of place branding and place image in Kota Tua Jakarta after revitalization in 2022 and its influence on tourist visiting decisions. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 118 respondents, interviews, and field observations. The analysis method used is descriptive spatial analysis and statistical analysis with multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of place branding implementation in Kota Tua Jakarta after revitalization in 2022 can be said to be good. Meanwhile, the place image variable is in the very good category. Some of the places that tourists find most memorable are the Jakarta History Museum or Fatahillah Museum, Fatahillah Park, and Café Batavia. The place image in the Kota Tua Jakarta area consists of "educational place", "relaxing place", "hot place", "place to take pictures", "historical place", "place with good design", and "touching place". The distribution of place image in Kota Tua Jakarta based on its type tends to be centered around the Fatahillah Park area, because this place is the center of Kota Tua Jakarta as a tourist destination. This is also supported by the location of tourist attractions that are within the general pedestrian distance from the center point of Fatahillah Park, so that tourists can easily visit these places and have stronger experiences and memories. Furthermore, place branding and place image have a positive and significant influence on tourists' visiting decisions to Kota Tua Jakarta after revitalization in 2022, both partially and simultaneously. Based on the analysis conducted, the place image variable is more dominant in influencing tourists' visiting decisions, compared to place branding."

"HIV dan AIDS sampai saat ini masih menjadi kasus yang mendapat perhatian di dunia dan Indonesia. Diantara kelmpok rentan penularan HIV, LSL merupakan salah satu populasi kunci penyumbang jumlah kasus baru HIV pada tahun 2015 yaitu 12. Terdapat berbagai faktor peyebaran HIV pada LSL, salah satunya yaitu penggunaan kondom konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi hubungan penggunaan kondom dengan pencegahan HIV pada LSL di 6 kota di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data Survey Terpadu Biologis dan Perilaku STBP 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada Maret-Juni 2018. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu LSL yang memiliki pasangan tetap wanita, pria, atau waria. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 773 responden dengan melakukan pembersihan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan penggunaan kondom dengan status HIV memberikan nilai p= 0,059 Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara seks anal dengan status HIV dengan nilai p= 0,027. Perlu dilakukan penyuluhan dan intervensi yang lebih agar pemakaian kondom dapat lebih efektif sebagai metode pencegahan HIV.

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HIV and AIDS is still a case of attention in the world and Indonesia. Among the vulnerable groups of HIV transmission, MSM is one of the key populations contributing to the number of new HIV cases by 2015 at 12 . There are various factors in the spread of HIV in MSM, one of which is consistent condom use. This study aims to identify condom use relationships with HIV prevention in MSM in 6 cities in Indonesia using Biological Integrated Survey and Behavioral Survey data STBP 2015 . This study uses a cross sectional study conducted in March June 2018. The population in this study is MSM who have a permanent partner of women, men, or waria. The number of samples is 773 respondents by performing data cleaning. The results showed that the relationship of condom use with HIV status gave p value 0.059 There was a significant correlation between anal sex with HIV status with p value 0,027. More counseling and interventions are needed to make condom use more effective as a method of HIV prevention."

"Sebagai salah satu sektor yang paling berkontribusi dalam Produk Domestik Bruto PDB Indonesia setelah minyak dan gas, pertambangan dan batu bara, dan minyak kelapa sawit, pariwisata telah menjadi salah satu sektor yang sedang diberikan perhatian lebih. Namum, untuk meraih titik tertinggi dalam kinerja sektor pariwisata, pemerintahan Indonesia masih harus banyak melakukan beberapa hal. Sebelum menarik wisatawan mancanegara, ada baiknya untuk fokus terlebih dahulu kepada wisatawan domestik. Bandung sebagai salah satu kota yang telah memiliki kinerja yang baik, dalam riset ini, Bandung akan dianalisa berdasarkan Kepribadian Tempat Tujuan, Citra Afektif, Kualitas Tempat Tujuan, Citra Keseluhuran, Intensi untuk Menyarankan, dan Intensi untuk Mengunjungi Kembali dengan tujuan untuk dapat membuat strategi pemasaran yang paling baik untuk Kota Bandung untuk menarik wisatawan.

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As the fourth biggest sector of contributor to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product GDP after oil and gas, mining and coal, and palm oil, tourism has becoming one of the sector that Indonesian Government put more concern to. However, to reach the peakiest point of the tourism's performance, Indonesian Government still have to do a lot of things. Prior attracting foreign tourists, it is recommended to focus on the domestic tourist. Bandung as one of Indonesia's city that has been performing excellency, on this research Bandung will be analyzed based on Destination Personality, Affective Image, Destination Quality, Overall Image, Intention to Recommend, and Intention to Revisit in order to be able to make the best marketing strategy for Bandung to attract more tourists."

"Since the downfall of President Soeharto in May 1998, printed Media has been growing. Many printed media which exploit women's sexuality are still survived. Meanwhile, some parts of the society protest the phenomenon of pornography. They are currently proposing anti-pornography bill. The protests are believed triggered by the controversial performance of dangdut singer Inul Daratista. Using framing analysis, the research explains the position of printed media on pornography, freedom of expression and sexual exploitation. As a feminist research, it relates feminist theories, especially on pornography, with mass media. At least three schools in feminist theory discuss the topic: radical libertarian feminism, radical cultural feminism and post feminism. The research used articles in six media; Kompas, Tempo, Gatra, Republika, Sabili and Basis as data. Almost all of the media have no clear definition on pornography although some "religious media" related the performance of Inul Daratista with pornography. The thesis recommended that such a law on anti-pornography should be thought further before it reached clear definition on pornography."

"Dengan semakin berkembangnya teknologi informasi, peran media sebagai sarana berkomunikasi menjadi sangat vital dalam tiap aspek kehidupan. Termasuk dunia arsitektur yang erat kaitannya dengan dunia seni dan kebudayaan. Dalam beberapa tahun belakangan ini, semakin marak media massa baik cetak maupun elektronik yang menjadikan dunia arsitektur sebagai bahasan utamanya. Tentu saja hal ini mempengaruhi dunia arsitektur khususnya arsitektur Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan media massa sebagai wadah berkomunikasi yang menjangkau audience yang besar, memungkinkan para arsitek untuk memperkenalkan dunia arsitek yang belum diketahui oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini dapat menjadi proses pembelajaran bagi masyarakat awam untuk dapat lebih mengerti tentang arsitektur.

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Because the expand of information technology, media as a tool for communication has a vital value in everyday life. It is included architecture which is has a close relationship with arts and culture. In this last decade, the architecture has been publish by the mass media so rapidly. That is phenomenon also happen in Indonesia. By using mass media as a tool for communication, it will reach big audience where architect can promote their work and promote architecture to Indonesian society that many of them still not familiar with it. This method will give lecture to Indonesian society how architecture is."

"Kota Jakarta Pusat adalah salah satu wilayah administrasi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Lokasinya yang berada di pusat kota membuat kota ini memiliki sifat kekotaan yang sangat kuat. Kota ini juga sudah ada sejak zaman penjajahan sehingga memiliki nilai sejarah yang sangat kuat. Dinas Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Provinsi DKI Jakarta memiliki tujuan terwujudnya Jakarta sebagai kota tujuan wisata yang berdaya saing internasional memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki Kota Jakarta Pusat dengan menjadikan kawasan Cikini, Monas, dan Pasar Baru, sebagai destinasi wisata perkotaan (urban tourism). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola keruangan sense of place wisatawan kawasan urban tourism Kota Jakarta Pusat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif keruangan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya keterkaitan antara sense of place dan identitas tempat. Sense of place yang berbeda dari tiap informan menciptakan identitas tempat yang berbeda juga. Sense of place wisatawan kawasan urban tourism di Kota Jakarta Pusat tercipta dari adanya keterhubungan dan perpaduan antar tiga ragam elemen, yakni setting fisik, aktivitas, dan makna. Penelitan ini mungkin berguna bagi para perencana kota  dalam mengidentifikasi apa yang harus dilindungi dan ditingkatkan ketika ingin mengembangkan lebih lanjut kawasan urban tourism di Kota Jakarta Pusat.

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Central Jakarta City is one of the administrative areas in DKI Jakarta Province. Its location in the city center makes this city have a very strong urban nature. This city has also existed since the colonial era so it has a very strong historical value. The Department of Tourism and Creative Economy of DKI Jakarta Province has the goal of realizing Jakarta as a tourist destination with international competitiveness by utilizing the potential of Central Jakarta City by making the Cikini, Monas and Pasar Baru areas as urban tourismdestinations (urban tourism). This study aims to determine the spatial pattern of the sense of place of tourists in the urban tourism area of ​​Central Jakarta City. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with spatial descriptive analysis. This study concludes that there is a relationship between sense of place and place identity. The different sense of place from each informant creates a different place identity. The sense of place for tourists in the urban tourism area in Central Jakarta City is created from the connectedness and combination of three different elements, namely physical setting, activity, and meaning. This research may be useful for urban planners in identifying what must be protected and improved when they want to further develop urban tourism areas in Central Jakarta City."

"[Penelitian mengenai menara gereja Protestan tahun 1901-1942 di Jakarta,Bandung, Semarang, dan Surabaya dilakukan karena menara gereja dapatmemperlihatkan ciri arsitektur kolonial. Dua belas menara gereja dipakai danmenjadi sumber data pnelitian ini, yaitu dua menara GPIB Pniel-Jakarta, empatmenara GPIB Koinonia-Jakarta, satu menara GPIB Paulus-Jakarta, satu menaraGPIB Bethel-Bandung, satu menara GPIB Maranatha-Bandung, satu menara GKITaman Cibunut-Bandung, satu menara GKI Gereformeerd-Semarang, dan satumenara GPIB Immanuel-Surabaya. Semuanya merupakan menara gereja Protestanyang dibangun pada masa Hindia Belanda. Penelitian ini diawali denganpengumpulan data dengan cara mendeskripsikan unsur bangunan yang dijadikanunit analisis, yaitu menara gereja serta komponen bangunan yang ada padanya.Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menganalisisnya dengan cara memperbandingkandan melihat persamaan dan perbedaannya. Penarikan kesimpulan dilakukandengan mengintegrasikan komponen yang ada pada menara gereja. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa menara gereja Protestan tahun 1901-1942 diJakarta, Bandung, Semarang, dan Surabaya bercirikan arsitektur Indis dan ArtDeco, terlihat dari komponen bentuk, ukuran, denah, pintu, jendela, lubangventilasi, ornamen, serta lonceng atau jam.;This research on tower of the Protestant church in 1901-1942 in Jakarta, Bandung,Semarang and Surabaya is conducted since church tower is considered as one ofarchitectural components that can show the characteristic of colonial architecture.Twelve church towers are taken as the subject of this research, namely two churchtowers of GPIB Pniel-Jakarta, four church towers of GPIB Koinonia-Jakarta, onechurch tower of GPIB Paulus-Jakarta, one church tower of GPIB Bethel-Bandung,one church tower of GPIB Maranatha-Bandung, one church tower of GKI TamanCibunut-Bandung, one church tower of GKI Gereformeerd-Semarang, and onechurch tower of GPIB Immanuel-Surabaya. These churches are built during theDutch East Indies period. This research started with collecting data in the waymaking description of data collected from churches tower and its components.Data that are collected is analysed by comparing to see the similarities anddifferences, and conclusion is done by integrating the components revealed fromit. This research result shows that Protestant church tower from 1901-1942 periodin Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya are characterized by Indisarchitecture and Art Deco components that can be seen on the shape, size, layout,door, window, ventilation holes, ornaments, and bell or clock.;This research on tower of the Protestant church in 1901-1942 in Jakarta, Bandung,Semarang and Surabaya is conducted since church tower is considered as one ofarchitectural components that can show the characteristic of colonial architecture.Twelve church towers are taken as the subject of this research, namely two churchtowers of GPIB Pniel-Jakarta, four church towers of GPIB Koinonia-Jakarta, onechurch tower of GPIB Paulus-Jakarta, one church tower of GPIB Bethel-Bandung,one church tower of GPIB Maranatha-Bandung, one church tower of GKI TamanCibunut-Bandung, one church tower of GKI Gereformeerd-Semarang, and onechurch tower of GPIB Immanuel-Surabaya. These churches are built during theDutch East Indies period. This research started with collecting data in the waymaking description of data collected from churches tower and its components.Data that are collected is analysed by comparing to see the similarities anddifferences, and conclusion is done by integrating the components revealed fromit. This research result shows that Protestant church tower from 1901-1942 periodin Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya are characterized by Indisarchitecture and Art Deco components that can be seen on the shape, size, layout,door, window, ventilation holes, ornaments, and bell or clock.;This research on tower of the Protestant church in 1901-1942 in Jakarta, Bandung,Semarang and Surabaya is conducted since church tower is considered as one ofarchitectural components that can show the characteristic of colonial architecture.Twelve church towers are taken as the subject of this research, namely two churchtowers of GPIB Pniel-Jakarta, four church towers of GPIB Koinonia-Jakarta, onechurch tower of GPIB Paulus-Jakarta, one church tower of GPIB Bethel-Bandung,one church tower of GPIB Maranatha-Bandung, one church tower of GKI TamanCibunut-Bandung, one church tower of GKI Gereformeerd-Semarang, and onechurch tower of GPIB Immanuel-Surabaya. These churches are built during theDutch East Indies period. This research started with collecting data in the waymaking description of data collected from churches tower and its components.Data that are collected is analysed by comparing to see the similarities anddifferences, and conclusion is done by integrating the components revealed fromit. This research result shows that Protestant church tower from 1901-1942 periodin Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya are characterized by Indisarchitecture and Art Deco components that can be seen on the shape, size, layout,door, window, ventilation holes, ornaments, and bell or clock.;This research on tower of the Protestant church in 1901-1942 in Jakarta, Bandung,Semarang and Surabaya is conducted since church tower is considered as one ofarchitectural components that can show the characteristic of colonial architecture.Twelve church towers are taken as the subject of this research, namely two churchtowers of GPIB Pniel-Jakarta, four church towers of GPIB Koinonia-Jakarta, onechurch tower of GPIB Paulus-Jakarta, one church tower of GPIB Bethel-Bandung,one church tower of GPIB Maranatha-Bandung, one church tower of GKI TamanCibunut-Bandung, one church tower of GKI Gereformeerd-Semarang, and onechurch tower of GPIB Immanuel-Surabaya. These churches are built during theDutch East Indies period. This research started with collecting data in the waymaking description of data collected from churches tower and its components.Data that are collected is analysed by comparing to see the similarities anddifferences, and conclusion is done by integrating the components revealed fromit. This research result shows that Protestant church tower from 1901-1942 periodin Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya are characterized by Indisarchitecture and Art Deco components that can be seen on the shape, size, layout,door, window, ventilation holes, ornaments, and bell or clock., This research on tower of the Protestant church in 1901-1942 in Jakarta, Bandung,Semarang and Surabaya is conducted since church tower is considered as one ofarchitectural components that can show the characteristic of colonial architecture.Twelve church towers are taken as the subject of this research, namely two churchtowers of GPIB Pniel-Jakarta, four church towers of GPIB Koinonia-Jakarta, onechurch tower of GPIB Paulus-Jakarta, one church tower of GPIB Bethel-Bandung,one church tower of GPIB Maranatha-Bandung, one church tower of GKI TamanCibunut-Bandung, one church tower of GKI Gereformeerd-Semarang, and onechurch tower of GPIB Immanuel-Surabaya. These churches are built during theDutch East Indies period. This research started with collecting data in the waymaking description of data collected from churches tower and its components.Data that are collected is analysed by comparing to see the similarities anddifferences, and conclusion is done by integrating the components revealed fromit. This research result shows that Protestant church tower from 1901-1942 periodin Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, and Surabaya are characterized by Indisarchitecture and Art Deco components that can be seen on the shape, size, layout,door, window, ventilation holes, ornaments, and bell or clock.]"