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"[ABSTRAKDalam menghadapi perekonomian yang semakin global, Pemerintahmenginginkan BUMN-BUMN memiliki daya saing. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah adalah dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan yang mendorong terjadinya sinergi di antara BUMN, Anak Perusahaan BUMN, dan Perusahaan Terafiliasi BUMN. Kebijakan untuk mendorong terjadinya Sinergi BUMN tersebut, saat ini diterapkan oleh pemerintah melalui Peraturan Menteri BUMN Nomor: Per-15/MBU/2012. Sinergi yang dimaksud dalam peraturan tersebut pada dasarnya adalah dorongan untuk saling melakukan penunjukan langsung di antara BUMN, anak perusahaan dan perusahaan terafiliasinya. Terhadap hal tersebut, KPPU menilai Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN bertentangan dengan prinsip persaingan usaha yang utamanya tercermin dalam putusan dan saran atas perkara nomor 07/KPPU-I/2013.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perspektif kebijakan dan ekonomi persaingan usaha terhadap Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN. Guna menjawab hal tersebut, penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif dengan pembatasan studi pada industri jasa teknologi informasi. Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian non-doctrinal legal research, sedangkan data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan cara melakukan perhitungan konsentrasi industri. Dari analisis kualitatif yang dilakukan, dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa secara material Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN memiliki beberapa kekurangan yang dapat berdampak terhadap kompetisi ataupun efisiensi. Kendati demikian, oleh karena secara legal formal Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN tetap dapat dilakukan maka diperlukan beberapa perbaikan dalam aturan pelaksanaannya sehingga Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN menjadi tidakberpotensi merugikan persaingan secara luas. Adapun dari pengolahan data kuantitatif yang dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa pada industri jasa teknologi informasi khususnya pasar data center services, Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN dapat berpotensi membatasi persaingan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari angka pertumbuhan kinerja pelaku usaha pesaing, meningkatnya penguasaan pasar dan rendahnya efisiensi Perusahaan Terafiliasi BUMN.

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ABSTRACTIn the face of an increasing global economy, Government wants State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) to be more competitive. In order to realize that goal, Government made an effort by issuing policies that foster synergy among SOEs, its Subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. Currently, policy to encourage business synergy between SOEs is implemented by the Government through SOE?s Minister Regulations No. Per-15 / MBU / 2012. Synergy that stipulated in the minister regulations is basically to permit and encourage procurement with direct appointment method among SOEs, its subsidiaries, andAffiliated Companies of the SOE. On the contrary, the Antitrust Commission considers such kind of policy is against to the principles of competition. Such consideration was mainly reflected in the Commision verdicts and suggestion on case number 07 / KPPU-I / 2013.This research was conducted to determine how the perspective of antitrust economic and policy towards synergy of the SOEs. To answer this, this research performed analysis using quantitative and qualitative data. Such data is limited to the information technology services industry. Qualitative data was analyzed by using non-doctrinal legal research method, while quantitative data was analyzedby calculating industry concentration. From the qualitative analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the SOE? Synergy Policy contains some risks that can influence competition and efficiency. However, because SOE? Synergy Policystill can be legally implemented, some policy-improvements are needed to ensurethat implementation of the policy will not harm competition. From thequantitative data processed, it can be known that competition in informationtechnology services industry in particular market of data center services ispotentially damaged by the SOE? Synergy Policy. This is evident from theperformance of the competitors as well as market share and efficiency ofAffiliated Companies of the SOE.;In the face of an increasing global economy, Government wants State-OwnedEnterprises (SOE) to be more competitive. In order to realize that goal,Government made an effort by issuing policies that foster synergy among SOEs,its Subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. Currently, policy toencourage business synergy between SOEs is implemented by the Governmentthrough SOE?s Minister Regulations No. Per-15 / MBU / 2012. Synergy thatstipulated in the minister regulations is basically to permit and encourageprocurement with direct appointment method among SOEs, its subsidiaries, andAffiliated Companies of the SOE. On the contrary, the Antitrust-Commissionconsiders such kind of policy is against to the principles of competition. Suchconsideration was mainly reflected in the Commision?s verdicts and suggestion oncase number 07 / KPPU-I / 2013.This research was conducted to determine how the perspective of antitrusteconomic and policy towards synergy of the SOEs. To answer this, this researchperformed analysis using quantitative and qualitative data. Such data is limited tothe information technology services industry. Qualitative data was analyzed byusing non-doctrinal legal research method, while quantitative data was analyzedby calculating industry concentration. From the qualitative analysis carried out, itcan be concluded that the SOE? Synergy Policy contains some risks that caninfluence competition and efficiency. However, because SOE? Synergy Policystill can be legally implemented, some policy-improvements are needed to ensurethat implementation of the policy will not harm competition. From thequantitative data processed, it can be known that competition in informationtechnology services industry in particular market of data center services ispotentially damaged by the SOE? Synergy Policy. This is evident from theperformance of the competitors as well as market share and efficiency ofAffiliated Companies of the SOE.;In the face of an increasing global economy, Government wants State-OwnedEnterprises (SOE) to be more competitive. In order to realize that goal,Government made an effort by issuing policies that foster synergy among SOEs,its Subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. Currently, policy toencourage business synergy between SOEs is implemented by the Governmentthrough SOE?s Minister Regulations No. Per-15 / MBU / 2012. Synergy thatstipulated in the minister regulations is basically to permit and encourageprocurement with direct appointment method among SOEs, its subsidiaries, andAffiliated Companies of the SOE. On the contrary, the Antitrust-Commissionconsiders such kind of policy is against to the principles of competition. Suchconsideration was mainly reflected in the Commision?s verdicts and suggestion oncase number 07 / KPPU-I / 2013.This research was conducted to determine how the perspective of antitrusteconomic and policy towards synergy of the SOEs. To answer this, this researchperformed analysis using quantitative and qualitative data. Such data is limited tothe information technology services industry. Qualitative data was analyzed byusing non-doctrinal legal research method, while quantitative data was analyzedby calculating industry concentration. From the qualitative analysis carried out, itcan be concluded that the SOE? Synergy Policy contains some risks that caninfluence competition and efficiency. However, because SOE? Synergy Policystill can be legally implemented, some policy-improvements are needed to ensurethat implementation of the policy will not harm competition. From thequantitative data processed, it can be known that competition in informationtechnology services industry in particular market of data center services ispotentially damaged by the SOE? Synergy Policy. This is evident from theperformance of the competitors as well as market share and efficiency ofAffiliated Companies of the SOE.;In the face of an increasing global economy, Government wants State-OwnedEnterprises (SOE) to be more competitive. In order to realize that goal,Government made an effort by issuing policies that foster synergy among SOEs,its Subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. Currently, policy toencourage business synergy between SOEs is implemented by the Governmentthrough SOE?s Minister Regulations No. Per-15 / MBU / 2012. Synergy thatstipulated in the minister regulations is basically to permit and encourageprocurement with direct appointment method among SOEs, its subsidiaries, andAffiliated Companies of the SOE. On the contrary, the Antitrust-Commissionconsiders such kind of policy is against to the principles of competition. Suchconsideration was mainly reflected in the Commision?s verdicts and suggestion oncase number 07 / KPPU-I / 2013.This research was conducted to determine how the perspective of antitrusteconomic and policy towards synergy of the SOEs. To answer this, this researchperformed analysis using quantitative and qualitative data. Such data is limited tothe information technology services industry. Qualitative data was analyzed byusing non-doctrinal legal research method, while quantitative data was analyzedby calculating industry concentration. From the qualitative analysis carried out, itcan be concluded that the SOE? Synergy Policy contains some risks that caninfluence competition and efficiency. However, because SOE? Synergy Policystill can be legally implemented, some policy-improvements are needed to ensurethat implementation of the policy will not harm competition. From thequantitative data processed, it can be known that competition in informationtechnology services industry in particular market of data center services ispotentially damaged by the SOE? Synergy Policy. This is evident from theperformance of the competitors as well as market share and efficiency ofAffiliated Companies of the SOE., In the face of an increasing global economy, Government wants State-OwnedEnterprises (SOE) to be more competitive. In order to realize that goal,Government made an effort by issuing policies that foster synergy among SOEs,its Subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. Currently, policy toencourage business synergy between SOEs is implemented by the Governmentthrough SOE’s Minister Regulations No. Per-15 / MBU / 2012. Synergy thatstipulated in the minister regulations is basically to permit and encourageprocurement with direct appointment method among SOEs, its subsidiaries, andAffiliated Companies of the SOE. On the contrary, the Antitrust-Commissionconsiders such kind of policy is against to the principles of competition. Suchconsideration was mainly reflected in the Commision’s verdicts and suggestion oncase number 07 / KPPU-I / 2013.This research was conducted to determine how the perspective of antitrusteconomic and policy towards synergy of the SOEs. To answer this, this researchperformed analysis using quantitative and qualitative data. Such data is limited tothe information technology services industry. Qualitative data was analyzed byusing non-doctrinal legal research method, while quantitative data was analyzedby calculating industry concentration. From the qualitative analysis carried out, itcan be concluded that the SOE’ Synergy Policy contains some risks that caninfluence competition and efficiency. However, because SOE’ Synergy Policystill can be legally implemented, some policy-improvements are needed to ensurethat implementation of the policy will not harm competition. From thequantitative data processed, it can be known that competition in informationtechnology services industry in particular market of data center services ispotentially damaged by the SOE’ Synergy Policy. This is evident from theperformance of the competitors as well as market share and efficiency ofAffiliated Companies of the SOE.]"

"Dalam menghadapi perekonomian yang semakin global, Pemerintah menginginkan BUMN-BUMN memiliki daya saing. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, upaya yang dilakukan Pemerintah adalah dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan yang mendorong terjadinya sinergi di antara BUMN, Anak Perusahaan BUMN, dan Perusahaan Terafiliasi BUMN. Kebijakan untuk mendorong terjadinya Sinergi BUMN tersebut, saat ini diterapkan oleh pemerintah melalui Peraturan Menteri BUMN Nomor: Per-15/MBU/2012. Sinergi yang dimaksud dalam peraturan tersebut pada dasarnya adalah dorongan untuk saling melakukan penunjukan langsung di antara BUMN, anak perusahaan dan perusahaan terafiliasinya. Terhadap hal tersebut, KPPU menilai Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN bertentangan dengan prinsip persaingan usaha yang utamanya tercermin dalam putusan dan saran atas perkara nomor 07/KPPU-I/2013.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perspektif kebijakan dan ekonomi persaingan usaha terhadap Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN. Guna menjawab hal tersebut, penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif dengan pembatasan studi pada industri jasa teknologi informasi. Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian non-doctrinal legal research, sedangkan data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan cara melakukan perhitungan konsentrasi industri. Dari analisis kualitatif yang dilakukan, dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa secara material Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN memiliki beberapa kekurangan yang dapat berdampak terhadap kompetisi ataupun efisiensi. Kendati demikian, oleh karena secara legal formal Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN tetap dapat dilakukan maka diperlukan beberapa perbaikan dalam aturan pelaksanaannya sehingga Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN menjadi tidak berpotensi merugikan persaingan secara luas. Adapun dari pengolahan data kuantitatif yang dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa pada industri jasa teknologi informasi khususnya pasar data center services, Kebijakan Sinergi BUMN dapat berpotensi membatasi persaingan. Hal tersebut terlihat dari angka pertumbuhan kinerja pelaku usaha pesaing, meningkatnya penguasaan pasar dan rendahnya efisiensi Perusahaan Terafiliasi BUMN.

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In the face of an increasing global economy, Government wants State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) to be more competitive. In order to realize that goal, Government made an effort by issuing policies that foster synergy among SOEs, its Subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. Currently, policy to encourage business synergy between SOEs is implemented by the Government through SOE?s Minister Regulations No. Per-15 / MBU / 2012. Synergy that stipulated in the minister regulations is basically to permit and encourage procurement with direct appointment method among SOEs, its subsidiaries, and Affiliated Companies of the SOE. On the contrary, the Antitrust-Commission considers such kind of policy is against to the principles of competition. Such consideration was mainly reflected in the Commision?s verdicts and suggestion on case number 07 / KPPU-I / 2013.This research was conducted to determine how the perspective of antitrust economic and policy towards synergy of the SOEs. To answer this, this research performed analysis using quantitative and qualitative data. Such data is limited to the information technology services industry. Qualitative data was analyzed by using non-doctrinal legal research method, while quantitative data was analyzed by calculating industry concentration. From the qualitative analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the SOE? Synergy Policy contains some risks that can influence competition and efficiency. However, because SOE? Synergy Policy still can be legally implemented, some policy-improvements are needed to ensure that implementation of the policy will not harm competition. From the quantitative data processed, it can be known that competition in information technology services industry in particular market of data center services is potentially damaged by the SOE? Synergy Policy. This is evident from the performance of the competitors as well as market share and efficiency of Affiliated Companies of the SOE."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini membahas mengenai kebijakan Sinergi BUMN ditinjau dari persepektif hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia. Dalam mekanisme pengadaan barang dan jasa BUMN berdasarkan ketentuan Peraturan Menteri BUMN Nomor PER-05/MBU/2008 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa BUMN, disinyalir memiliki potensi penyalahgunaan dan pelanggaran ketentuan UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Beberapa bentuk pelanggaran yang mungkin terjadi adalah adanya tying product, konglomeriasi, integrasi vertikal dan praktek diskriminasi. Namun diperlukan analisa lebih lanjut untuk melihat apakah Sinergi BUMN benar melanggar ketentuan UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Penerapan kebijakan Persaingan Usaha kepada BUMN selain ditinjau dari ketentuan di Indonesia, dilakukan pula perbandingan terhadap Amerika Serikat dan China mengenai penerapan hukum persaingan (antitrust law) pada BUMN-nya, dan pada prakteknya dalam beberapa kasus BUMN dikecualikan dari hukum persaingan selama kegiatan BUMN tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan perintah undang-undang. Adapun ketentuan Permen BUMN yang mengatur Sinergi BUMN merupakan pengecualian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 50 (a) UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Yuridis Normatif meliputi UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999, Permen BUMN Nomor PER-05/MBU/2008 serta peraturan-peraturan lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan Sinergi BUMN.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the policy of State-owned Company's (SOEs) Synergy in terms of antitrust law perspectives in Indonesia. In the mechanism of procurement of goods and services of SOEs based on the provisions of Regulation of the Minister of SOE Number PER-05/MBU/2008 concerning General Guidelines for Procurement of Goods and Services of SOE, allegedly has potential abuse and violation of the provisions of Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition . Some possible violations are tying products, conglomeration, vertical integration and discriminatory practices. However, further analysis is needed to determine whether SOE Synergy is true in violating the provisions of Law Number 5 Year 1999. The implementation of Business Competition policy for SOEs other than in Indonesia, comparisons are made to the United States and China regarding the application of antitrust law to its SOEs, and in practice in some cases SOEs are exempt from competition law as long as the SOEs activities are carried out under the law. The provisions of the SOEs Regulation governing the SOEs Synergy constitute the exceptions as referred to in Article 50 (a) of Law Number 5 Year 1999. The methods used in the research are Juridical Normative covering Law Number 5 Year 1999, BUMN Regulation Number PER-05/MBU 2008 and other regulations related to the SOE Synergy policy."

"Berbagai pihak, seperti Sri Mulyani yang berkedudukan sebagai Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia, mengkhawatirkan bahwa peran Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang begitu besar dalam perekonomian Indonesia mampu menghambat investasi asing. Hal ini disebabkan karena hal tersebut menyebabkan lingkungan bisnis tidak kompetitif. Lingkungan bisnis yang tidak kompetitif menyebabkan investor asing untuk mengurungkan niatnya dalam melakukan investasi di Indonesia. Investasi asing sangat diperlukan di Indonesia karena Penanaman Modal Asing merupakan hal yang sangat penting karena hal tersebut dapat memberikan teknologi yang dapat menciptakan nilai ekonomi yang lebih bagi Indonesia. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut bukanlah masalah di Singapura. Hal ini disebabkan karena Singapura memiliki Holding Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang salah satunya bernama Temasek yang begitu sukses. Hal ini disebabkan karena Temasek telah berhasil berhasil melakukan ekspansi bisnis yang luar biasa ke berbagai belahan dunia. Selain itu, Temasek juga memiliki aset yang sangat besar yang menyebabkan perusahaan tersebut menjadi perusahaan investasi yang tergolong pada Sovereign Wealth Fund. Oleh karenanya, akan lebih baik jika Pemerintah Indonesia mempelajari bagaimana Hukum Persaingan Usaha Singapura mengatur tentang monopoli Badan Usaha Milik Negara. Selain itu, Pemerintah Indonesia juga harus mengetahui apakah pembentukan Holding Badan Usaha Milik Negara memiliki dampak tertentu terhadap persaingan usaha di Indonesia.

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Some people, like Mrs. Sri Mulyani who is the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, worries that the big role of Government-Linked Companies in Indonesian economics can halt Foreign Investment because it will lessen competition in Indonesia’s business environment. Uncompetitive business environment can deter Foreign Investor to invest in Indonesia. Foreign Investment is absolutely needed in Indonesia because it is very important to give Indonesia technology that is capable to increase the surplus in the economics of Indonesia. However, this problem does not happen in Singapore. Singapore has a State Holding Companies which one of them is known as Temasek that is extremely successful. It is because Temasek can expand its business to other parts of the world. Besides, it has very large asset that make it becomes an investment company. Therefore, it will be better if the Government of Indonesia learns about how the Competition Law of Singapore regulates the monopoly rights of Government-Linked Companies. Furthermore, the Government of Indonesia must learn about whether the establishment of State Holding Company affects competition in Indonesia."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai perkembangan perusahaan industri jasa intelijen privat (IJIP) di Indonesia, dalam rangka menghadapi ancaman dan tantangan yang dihadapi Indonesia sebagai dampak diberlakukannya MEA di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Tesis ini melakukan analisis dengan membentuk skenario penguatan terhadap IJIP di Indonesia, guna menghadapi ancaman dan tantangan ini. Tesis ini merupakan produk akademik yang menggunakan metode riset intelijen kualitatif, dengan studi kasus peran PT. WCG sebagai bagian dari IJIP dalam menghadapi perkembangan dan kebutuhan akan industri jasa intelijen privat di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan PT. WCG mampu menjadi kekuatan dalam mengimbangi IJIP di Indonesia yang masih didominasi asing.

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This thesis discusses about the development of the private intelligence service industries (IJIP) in Indonesia, in order to deal with the threats and challenges faced by Indonesia as a result of the implementation of the AEC in Southeast Asia. This thesis conducted an analysis by formed a strengthening scenario of the private intelligence service industries in Indonesia, in order to face the threats and challenges that comes.

This study is an academic product that used a qualitative intelligence research, which analyzes the role of PT. WCG as a part of a private intelligence service industries in facing development and the need for the private intelligence service industries in Indonesia as the case study. The results of this study showed that PT. WCG is able to become a force to counterbalance the private intelligence services industries in Indonesia whose still dominated by foreign companies."

"Dalam melaksanaan kegiatan usaha di Suatu Perusahaan, maka diperlukannya Barang maupun jasa dari Perusahaan lain untuk mendukung berjalannya suatu proses bisnis di Perusahaan tersebut. Dalam melakukan proses Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa, PT Indonesia Power sebagai anak Perusahaan BUMN PT PLN (Persero) dapat ikut serta dalam pelaksanaan Sinergi BUMN yakni, melakukan Penunjukan Langsung baik kepada BUMN, Anak Perusahaan BUMN dan/ atau Perusahaan terafiliasi BUMN atau antar Anak Perusahaan BUMN dan/ atau antar Perusahaan Terafiliasi BUMN yang sebagaimana yang diatur di dalam Pasal 12A Permen Nomor PER-15/MBU/2012. Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan di dalam tesis ini yaitu perihal pengadaan barang/jasa dengan sinergi BUMN apakah melanggar prinsip persaingan usaha tidak sehat (terutama penerapan sinergi BUMN di PT Indonesia Power). Metode Penelitian yang digunakan di dalam tesis ini yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif atau metode studi kepustakaan yang menggunakan data sekunder. Dari permasalahan tersebut diketahui, PT Indonesia Power dalam melaksanakan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa terutama dalam penerapan sinergi BUMN, telah mengikuti ketentuan internal Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa di lingkungan PT Indonesia Power yang tidak bertentangan dengan Peraturan Menteri, Keputusan Presiden mengenai Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa dan tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip persaingan Usaha yang tidak sehat dan berlakunya Pasal 50 huruf a Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999.

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Outsource goods and services were needed to support the business activities in an enterprise. PT Indonesia Power as a subsidiary of a state owned enterprise PT PLN (Persero) may be involved in the implementation of synergies of state owned enterprises, which may directly appoint state owned enterprises, subsidiaries of state owned enterprise or affiliated companies of state owned enterprise to procure goods and services, as stated in article 12A of Ministerial Regulation Number PER-15/MBU/2012. The issue to be discussed in this thesis is regarding the compliance of direct appointment system on procurement of goods and services in synergies of state owned enterprises towards the principle of unfair competition (particularly in the implementation of state owned enterprises in PT Indonesia Power). This is a normative legal research which gather and analyze secondary data. After the issue was analyzed, it was known that PT Indonesia Power has been procuring goods and services (especially in the implementation of synergy of state owned enterprises) in accordance to its internal policy which does not breach the ministerial regulation, presidential decree on procurement of goods and services, the principle of unfair competition and finally the enforceability of Article 50 Point a of Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999."

"Skripsi ini menjelaskan tentang dugaan praktek monopoli dan/atau persaingan usaha tidak sehat yang dilakukan oleh PT Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk dengan PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk dengan cara melakukan pengadaan barang dan jasa atas alat pemindai kartu nir sentuh pada gardu tol otomatis, alat On Board Unit, secara eksklusif. Kerja sama ini dianggap membatasi pilihan konsumen dan menciptakan barrier to entry terhadap pelaku usaha lain. Terhadap permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh kedua pelaku usaha tersebut lepas dari ketentuan larangan perjanjian eksklusif mengenai penyelenggaraan uang elektronik dalam rangka penyediaan layanan umum pada Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 16/8/PBI/2014 tentang Uang Elektronik, serta melanggar larangan perjanjian tertutup (perjanjian pengikatan barang) dan penguasaan pasar dalam UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.

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This thesis describes the anti competition practices commited by PT Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk dengan PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk, by holding goods and services procurement on automatic toll gate?s portable smart card reader, On Board Unit, exclusively. This cooperation considered as a consumers choices limitation, also creating a barrier to entry to other sellers. Hence, these issues underlie a qualitative research using descriptive analytical approach.

The research resulting a conclusion that the activities between these two enterprises hasn't violated in exclusive dealing prohibition on public services electronic money application in Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 16/8/PBI/2014 about Electronic Money, also violated in exclusive dealing prohibition (tying agreement) and market share prohibition prohibition on Law No. 5 / 1999 about Monopolization and Unfair Competition Prohibition."

"Dalam kerangka pemikiran pasar bebas (WTO), negara sebagai anggota masyarakat dunia tidak sepenuhnya independent terhadap pengaruh dunia luar, khususnya dalam bidang ekonomi. Hal ini akan berdampak pada industri dalam negeri, baik barang maupun jasa. Para pelaku industri dalam negeri tidak bisa lagi berlindung pada proteksi/monopoli yang diberikan oleh negara. Sesuai kesepakatan dalam lingkup negara-negara ASEAN yang tertuang dalam ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) dan ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS), liberalisasi ekonomi di regional ASEAN akan dimulai pada tahun 2003. Pada dasarnya kesepakatan tersebut adalah mengacu pada ketentuan-ketentuan dalam General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS).Seiring dengan perubahan lingkungan makro, maka semua perusahaan, termasuk perusahaan asuransi yang selama ini mendapat fasilitas monopoli, perlu mengkaji ulang dan menyesuaikan strategi bisnisnya agar dapat tetap bertahan dan berkembang pada era persaingan pasar babas seperti dimaksud di atas. Untuk mengetahui sejauhmana kesiapan PT Jasa Raharja selaku BUMN yang bisnisnya mendapat fasilitas monopoli dalam mengantisipasi pengaruh globalisasi, perlu dianalisis mengenai strategi bisnis yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif , dengan mengambil 11 orang responden yang terdiri dari para pejabat senior yang terlibat dalam penyusunan strategi bisnis, dan 2 (dua) orang konsultan yang pernah membantu menyusun rencana jangka panjang perusahaan tersebut untuk menguji validitas pendapat responden dari dalam.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan telah menetapkan strategi dasar yang cukup memadai, yaitu stable growth dan related diversification. Namun dalam aplikasinya masih kurang konsisten. Dari pengamatan ini juga dapat disimpulkan adanya beberapa kekuatan yang dimiliki, seperti jaringan distribusi dan pelayanan yang makin membaik. Kelemahan yang paling menonjol adalah rendahnya kualitas pendidikan SDM, yang kurang lebih 60% dari total jumlah pegawai hanya berpendidikan SLTA, dan masih kurangnya tenaga yang bergelar profesi asuransi. Untuk dapat bertahan pada era globalisasi, disarankan agar perusahaan lebih konsisten dalam menerapkan strategi bisnisnya. Sedangkan di bidang SDM, kiranya perlu meningkatkan pendidikan keahlian dan mengubah pola penerimaan SDM."

"Saat ini teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah menjadi bagian yang tidak dapat terpisahkan dalam organisasi bisnis. Walaupun demikian, dampak TIK terhadap produktivitas perusahaan di negara-negara berkembang masih menghadirkan ketimpangan produktivitas yang dikenal dengan istilah paradoks produktivitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh kejelasan mengenai hubungan antara penerapan TIK dengan produktivitas perusahaan-perusahaan di Indonesia. Variabel inovasi dan modal sosial dipilih sebagai variabel mediasi untuk menjelaskan dugaan paradoks produktivitas. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah model persamaan struktural (SEM) berbasis varian atau komponen yaitu PLS (Partial Least Square). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan uji F variabel penerapan TIK, inovasi dan modal sosial secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas perusahaan dengan persentase keberpengaruhan (R Square) sebesar 49%. Berdasarkan uji-t, secara parsial inovasi dan modal sosial masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas perusahaan, sedangkan penerapan TIK tidak berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas perusahaan. Berdasarkan uji Sobel diperoleh hasil bahwa penerapan TIK berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas perusahaan secara tidak langsung melalui inovasi dan modal sosial.

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Currently, information and communication technologies have become inseparable part of the business organization. Nevertheless, the impact of ICT on firm productivity in developing countries is still present productivity inequality known as the productivity paradox. This research was conducted in order to obtain clarity on the relationship between the ICT adoptions to productivity firms in Indonesia. Innovation and social capital variables selected as a mediating variable to explain the alleged paradox of productivity. The analysis technique used in this research was structural equation model (SEM) based on a variant or a component of the PLS (Partial Least Square). Results of this study found that the test based on the F variable application of ICTs, innovation and social capital simultaneously have significant effect on the productivity of thecompany by the percentage of the effect (R Square) by 49%. Based on t-test, each innovation and social capital partially have significant effect on the productivity of the company, while the ICT application had no effect on the productivity of the company. Based on Sobel test result, the ICT adoption impacts on productivity of the firms indirectly through innovation and social capital."