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"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Obesitas pada anak merupakan predisposisi terjadinya obesitas saat dewasa yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya penyakit ko-morbiditas metabolik. Obesitas ditandai dengan penimbunan jaringan adiposa tubuh secara berlebihan sehingga menghasilkan sitokin dan mediator inflamasi yang berperan dalam terjadinya inflamasi subklinis.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui profil penanda inflamasi subklinis pada anak obes usia 9-12 tahun melalui pemeriksaan sitokin inflamasi (Interleukin-6) dan protein fase akut (C-reactive protein dan alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang yang dilakukan pada siswa SD obes dan non-obes usia 9-12 tahun di Jakarta Selatan dan bersedia diukur antropometri serta diperiksa laboratorium IL-6, CRP, dan AGP.Hasil: Dari 30 anak obes dan 30 anak non-obes didapatkan kadar median IL-6 anak obes lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak non-obes yaitu 3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86), kadar median CRP pada kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes, yaitu 2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6) dan kadar rerata AGP kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes, yaitu 93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89.Simpulan: Inflamasi subklinis telah terjadi pada anak obes berusia 9-12 tahun. Kadar sitokin inflamasi IL-6, kadar protein fase akut CRP dan AGP lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non-obes.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation.Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken.Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89).Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.;Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation.Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken.Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89).Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.;Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation.Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken.Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89).Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children., Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation.Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken.Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89).Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.]"

"Latar belakang: Prevalens obesitas pada anak dan remaja di seluruh dunia meningkat secara dramatis. Obesitas pada anak menjadi masalah karena merupakan predisposisi terjadinya obesitas saat dewasa yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya penyakit komorbiditas metabolik. Obesitas ditandai dengan penimbunan jaringan adiposa tubuh secara berlebihan, dan jaringan adiposa tersebut menghasilkan sitokin dan mediator inflamasi yang berperan dalam terjadinya inflamasi subklinis.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui profil penanda inflamasi subklinis pada anak obes usia 9-12 tahun melalui pemeriksaan sitokin inflamasi (IL-6) dan protein fase akut (CRP dan AGP).Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang yang dilakukan pada siswa SD yang obes dan non-obes usia 9-12 tahun di Jakarta Selatan yang diizinkan oleh orangtua untuk mengikuti penelitian ini dan bersedia diukur antropometri serta diperiksa laboratorium Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), dan alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP).Hasil: Dari 30 anak obes dan 30 anak non-obes didapatkan kadar median IL-6 anak obes lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak non-obes dengan nilai 3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86), kadar median CRP pada kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes dengan nilai 2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2- 2,6) dan kadar rerata AGP kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes dengan nilai rerata 93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89.Simpulan: Inflamasi subklinis telah terjadi pada anak obes berusia 9-12 tahun. Kadar sitokin inflamasi IL-6 lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non- obes, kadar protein fase akut CRP lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non-obes, dan kadar penanda AGP lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non-obes.

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Background: Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescence is dramatically increasing. Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic comorbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation.Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9- 12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukine 6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, and AGP were taken from all subjects.Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16- 6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89).Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children."

"Obesitas merupakan akibat dari keseimbangan energi positif untuk periode waktu yang cukup panjang. Masalah obesitas dapat terjadi pada usia anak-anak, remaja hingga dewasa. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang paling berhubungan dengan obesitas pada anak (5-15 tahun), menggunakan sumber data sekunder data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Prevalensi obesitas (persentil >95) pada anak rentang usia 5-15 tahun sebesar 8,3%. Faktor risiko yang paling berhubungan dengan obesitas pada anak usia 5-15 tahun adalah tingkat pendidikan anak setelah dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, riwayat obesitas ayah, kebiasaan olah raga dan merokok serta asupan protein. Perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan faktor risiko obesitas dengan menanamkan pendidikan kesehatan pada anak sejak usia dini, melalui peningkatan KIE (komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi), seperti gerakan anti rokok, gerakan cinta serat (sayur dan buah) serta membudayakan aktivitas fisik.

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Obesity is the result of positive energy balance for long periods of time. The problem of obesity can occur at the age of children, teens to adults. The purpose of this study is to identify the most dominant factor of obesity in children (5-15 years) using Basic Health Research in 2007. The proportion of obesity (percentile >95) in children (5-15 years old) was 8.3%. The risk factor which mostly associated with obesity was the level of education after being controlled by sex, father's obesity, exercise and smoking habits and intake of protein. To overcome obesity problem in children (5-15 years old), it is needed to provide health education for children from an early age through enhanced IEC (Information, Education and Communication) such as anti smoking program, love of fiber (vegetables and fruits) and develop a culture of sport activities."

"Prevalensi obesitas pada anak dan remaja saat ini semakin meningkat, sehingga dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan timbulnya penyakit degeneratif dimasa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan obesitas pada anak usia 11-15 tahun di SMP Strada Santa Maria 1 Kota Tangerang. Desain penelitian ini deskriptif analitik dengan cross sectional study. Dengan teknik stratified random sampling, didapatkan jumlah sampel 228 responden. Sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan (55,7%) dengan rerata usia 13,32 tahun.Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan Karbohidrat dengan Obesitas (p=0,033), asupan Protein dengan Obesitas (p=0,001), asupan Serat dengan Obesitas (p=0,005), dan jenis kelamin dengan Obesitas (p=0,032).

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The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is now increasing, so it is feared will lead to the onset of degenerative diseases in the future This study aimed to identify the factors that lead to obesity in children aged 11-15 years in junior Strada Santa Maria 1 Tangerang. The study design was descriptive cross sectional analytic study. With stratified random sampling technique, the sample obtained 228 respondents. Most respondents were female (55.7%) with a mean age of 13.32 years.There are significant correlation between carbohydrate intake with obesity (p = 0.033), protein intake with obesity (p = 0.001), fiber intake with obesity (p = 0.005), and sex with obesity (p=0,032)."

"Obesitas anak merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan saat ini. Salah satu kontributor obesitas pada anak saat ini yaitu konsumsi berlebih minuman manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi minuman manis dengan obesitas anak usia 10 – 12 tahun di DKI Jakarta berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018. Variabel independen utama penelitian yaitu konsumsi minuman manis dan variabel kovariat yaitu demografi, pola hidup dan konsumsi, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ayah, dan pekerjaan ibu. Desain studi penelitian ini yaitu cross-sectional dengan analisis bivariat dan stratifikasi. Data penelitian ini menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 841 anak usia 10 – 12 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas anak usia 10 – 12 tahun di DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 13,4%. Hasil penelitian belum dapat membuktikan hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi minuman manis dengan obesitas pada anak usia 10 – 12 tahun di DKI Jakarta (PR=0,93; 95%CI: 0,58 – 1,49; p=0,99). Optimalisasi program unit kesehatan sekolah oleh pemerintah sertadukungan dari anggota keluarga dalam pelaksanaan pola makan gizi seimbang dan aktivitas fisik dapat membantu pencegahan obesitas pada anak.

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Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem currently. One of the biggest contributors to childhood obesity is excessive sugar-sweetened beverages consumption. The aim of the study was to determine the association between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and obesity among children aged 10 – 12 years in DKI Jakarta based on Riskesdas 2018 data. The main independent variable was sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and covariate variables were demographics, lifestyle and consumptions pattern, father’s education, mother’s education, father’s occupation and mother’s occupation. This study used cross-sectional design with bivariate and stratification analysis. This study used Basic Health Research data with total sample of 841 children aged 10 – 12 years. The results showed that the prevalence of obesity among children aged 10 – 12 years in DKI Jakarta was 13,4%. The results of the study have not been able to prove a significant relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity in children aged 10-12 years in DKI Jakarta (PR=0,93; 95%CI: 0,58 – 1,49; p=0,99). Optimization of school health program as well as support from family members in implementing a balanced nutritional diet and physical activity can help prevent obesity in children."

"Kegemukan pada anak merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang berdampak negatif jangka panjang bagi anak. Prevalensi hipertensi pada dewasa muda juga terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan terdapat kemungkinan bahwa kegemukan anak berpengaruh terhadap hipertensi saat dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi kegemukan saat balita (0-59 bulan) terhadap hipertensi dewasa (21-26 tahun). Penelitian cohort retrospective ini menggunakan data IFLS 1 tahun 1993 dan IFLS 5 tahun 2014 dengan total responden 596 balita setelah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 15,1% anak yang hipertensi saat dewasa dengan proporsi anak yang kegemukan dan mengalami hipertensi sebesar 17,4%. Variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian hipertensi, yaitu jenis kelamin, status gizi obesitas dewasa, konsumsi fast food, konsumsi soft drink, dan kebiasaan merokok. Analisis multivariat ditemukan bahwa kegemukan memiliki risiko 0,83 lebih rendah untuk hipertensi dibandingkan dengan status gizi normal setelah dikontrol dengan variabel kebiasaan merokok dan status gizi dewasa, namun hubungan ini tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Kegemukan pada anak merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang berdampak negatif jangka panjang bagi anak. Prevalensi hipertensi pada dewasa muda juga terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan terdapat kemungkinan bahwa kegemukan anak berpengaruh terhadap hipertensi saat dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi kegemukan saat balita (0-59 bulan) terhadap hipertensi dewasa (21-26 tahun). Penelitian cohort retrospective ini menggunakan data IFLS 1 tahun 1993 dan IFLS 5 tahun 2014 dengan total responden 596 balita setelah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eklusi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 15,1% anak yang hipertensi saat dewasa dengan proporsi anak yang kegemukan dan mengalami hipertensi sebesar 17,4%. Variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian hipertensi, yaitu jenis kelamin, status gizi obesitas dewasa, konsumsi fast food, konsumsi soft drink, dan kebiasaan merokok. Analisis multivariat ditemukan bahwa kegemukan memiliki risiko 0,83 lebih rendah untuk hipertensi dibandingkan dengan status gizi normal setelah dikontrol dengan variabel kebiasaan merokok dan status gizi dewasa, namun hubungan ini tidak bermakna secara statistik.

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Childhood obesity is a health problem that has a long-term negative impact onchildren. The prevalence of hypertension in young adults continues to increase year by year and it is suggested that childhood obesity affects hypertension in adulthood. This study aims to determine the effect of obesity as a child under the age of five (0-59months) on adult hypertension (21-26 years). This retrospective cohort study data werefrom IFLS 1 in 1993 and IFLS 5 in 2014, with a total of 596 respondents under the age of five after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study showed that 15,1%of the children have hypertension as adults, with the proportion of overweight children having hypertension being 17,4%. Variables significantly related to the incidence of hypertension were gender, nutritional status of obese adults, consumption of fast food, consumption of soft drinks, and smoking habits. Multivariate analysis found that childhood obesity lower the risk for hypertension by 0.83 times compared to normal nutritional status after being controlled by smoking habits and adult nutritional status variables, but this relationship was not statistically significant."

"[ABSTRAKPendahuluan. Masalah gizi pada anak tidak hanya gizi kurang tetapi juga gizi lebih, termasuk berat badan berlebih dan obesitas. Status gizi anak dapat dinilai menggunakan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Perbedaan IMT dapat mengakibatkan perubahan anatomik akibat adanya peningkatan beban tubuh sehingga mempengaruhi performa motorik termasuk keseimbangan postur, kekuatan otot dan lokomosi. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh IMT terhadap keseimbangan postur dan kekuatan otot tungkai atas serta mengetahui adanya korelasi antara keseimbangan postur dengan kekuatan otot tungkai atas pada anak 8 – 10 tahun. Metode. 63 anak usia 8 – 10 tahun terbagi dalam 3 kelompok IMT normal, IMT berat badan berlebih dan IMT obesitas. Pengukuran keseimbangan dengan single leg balance test pada MatScan dan didapatkan hasil area centre of pressure (COP). Kekuatan otot isometrik dari ektensor panggul dan ektensor lutut diukur menggunakan hand-held dynamometer. Hasil. Area COP pada anak obesitas lebih besar signifikan dibandingkan anak berat badan berlebih (p = 0.004) dan anak normal (p = 0.000). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara kekuatan ekstensor panggul anak dengan IMT obesitas daripada IMT berat badan berlebih dan IMT normal yang tidak signifikan (p = 0,527). Kekuatan ekstensor lutut anak obesitas lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan anak berat badan berlebih (p = 0.038) dan anak normal (p = 0.001). Namun tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara area COP dengan kekuatan otot ekstensor panggul dan ekstensor lutut. Kesimpulan. Anak obesitas memperlihatkan penurunan keseimbangan postur dan peningkatan kekuatan otot ekstensor lutut dibandingkan dengan anak berat badan berlebih dan berat badan normal. Tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction. Nutritional problems in children are not only malnutrition but also overnutrition, including overweight and obesity. It can be assessed using the body mass index (BMI). The BMI difference can leads anatomic changes due to an increased of body loading that might affect the motor performance, including changes in balance posture, muscle strength and locomotion. Purposes. to explain the influence of BMI on the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength and to assess a correlation between the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength in children aged 8-10 years. Methods. 63 children aged 8-10 years are divided in 3 groups of BMI-normal, BMI-overweight and BMI-obese. The postural balance was assessed by single leg balance test on MatScan and the centre of pressure (COP) area was recorded. Isometric muscle strength of hip extensor and knee extensor were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results. Obese children had larger COP area significantly than overweight (p = 0.004) and normal children (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in hip extensor muscle strength between obese children with overweight and normal children (p = 0.527). The knee extensor muscle strength in obese group was significantly higher than the overweight groups (p = 0.038) and normal group (p = 0.001). However there was no significant correlation between the hip extensor and knee extensor muscles strength with COP area. Conclusion. Children with BMI obesity had decreased balance posture and increased knee extensor muscle strength when compared to overweight and normal children. There was no significant correlation between the postural balance and muscle strength.;Introduction. Nutritional problems in children are not only malnutrition but also overnutrition, including overweight and obesity. It can be assessed using the body mass index (BMI). The BMI difference can leads anatomic changes due to an increased of body loading that might affect the motor performance, including changes in balance posture, muscle strength and locomotion. Purposes. to explain the influence of BMI on the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength and to assess a correlation between the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength in children aged 8-10 years. Methods. 63 children aged 8-10 years are divided in 3 groups of BMI-normal, BMI-overweight and BMI-obese. The postural balance was assessed by single leg balance test on MatScan and the centre of pressure (COP) area was recorded. Isometric muscle strength of hip extensor and knee extensor were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results. Obese children had larger COP area significantly than overweight (p = 0.004) and normal children (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in hip extensor muscle strength between obese children with overweight and normal children (p = 0.527). The knee extensor muscle strength in obese group was significantly higher than the overweight groups (p = 0.038) and normal group (p = 0.001). However there was no significant correlation between the hip extensor and knee extensor muscles strength with COP area. Conclusion. Children with BMI obesity had decreased balance posture and increased knee extensor muscle strength when compared to overweight and normal children. There was no significant correlation between the postural balance and muscle strength., Introduction. Nutritional problems in children are not only malnutrition but also overnutrition, including overweight and obesity. It can be assessed using the body mass index (BMI). The BMI difference can leads anatomic changes due to an increased of body loading that might affect the motor performance, including changes in balance posture, muscle strength and locomotion. Purposes. to explain the influence of BMI on the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength and to assess a correlation between the balance posture and lower limb muscle strength in children aged 8-10 years. Methods. 63 children aged 8-10 years are divided in 3 groups of BMI-normal, BMI-overweight and BMI-obese. The postural balance was assessed by single leg balance test on MatScan and the centre of pressure (COP) area was recorded. Isometric muscle strength of hip extensor and knee extensor were measured using a hand-held dynamometer. Results. Obese children had larger COP area significantly than overweight (p = 0.004) and normal children (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in hip extensor muscle strength between obese children with overweight and normal children (p = 0.527). The knee extensor muscle strength in obese group was significantly higher than the overweight groups (p = 0.038) and normal group (p = 0.001). However there was no significant correlation between the hip extensor and knee extensor muscles strength with COP area. Conclusion. Children with BMI obesity had decreased balance posture and increased knee extensor muscle strength when compared to overweight and normal children. There was no significant correlation between the postural balance and muscle strength.]"

"Saat ini prevalensi obesitas di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Akibat buruk dari obesitas adalah dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit kronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah di SD Islam Al-Azhar 14 Semarang. Desain penelitian ini deskriptik analitik dengan cross sectional study. Dengan teknik stratified simple random sampling, didapatkan jumlah sampel 80 responden. Sebagian besar responden adalah laki-laki dengan rata-rata usia 8,55 tahun, dengan latar belakang orangtua bersuku Jawa. Mayoritas kedua orangtua berpendidikan tinggi dan berpenghasilan menengah ke atas. Rata-rata jumlah anak dalam keluarga 2,51 dengan jumlah anak antara satu sampai dengan lima anak dan sebagian besar ibu bekerja. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara IMT ayah (p=0,000) dan IMT ibu (p=0,000), pola makan (p=0,007), kurang aktivitas fisik (p=0,000), dan tingkat sosial ekonomi keluarga (p=0,005) dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak. Faktor yang paling dominan terhadap kejadian obesitas adalah faktor kurang aktivitas fisik.

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Currently, Indonesia is facing obesity problems, and obesity can result in varied chronic diseases. The objectives of this study was to identify the factors affecting obesity among school-age children at Al-Azhar 14 Islamic Elementary School Semarang. A cross-sectional descriptive-analitic and retrospective study was employed and stratified simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. The majority of responden were male with the mean of age was 8.55 years old. Most of the parents were Javanist. Most parents had high educational background and were in the middle society. The mean number of children was 2.51 and most of the mothers were working mothers. There were four factors that had significant association to children obesity, namely the father's BMI (p=0,000) and mother's BMI of mothers (p=0,000), eating pattern (p=0,007), physical activity (p=0,000), and socio-economic level (p=0,005). The dominant factor was physical activity."

"Overweight dan obesitas kini menjadi tantangan dalam dunia kesehatan masyarakat karena prevalensinya yang terus meningkat secara global Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik anak jenis kelamin, karakteristik orang tua pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, penghasilan keluarga dan riwayat obesitas orang tua, daerah tempat tinggal, aktifitas fisik, kebiasaan makan konsumsi fast food, cemilan/minuman manis, kebiasaan Saracen, sedentary behavior durasi menonton TV/video, durasi bermain games dan durasi tidur dengan overweight dan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah di Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2018 dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan timbangan digital dan microtoa serta kuesioner untuk ibu dan FFQ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 51.8 siswa masuk dalam kategori overweight dan obesitas. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan overweight dan obesitas pada anak usia sekolah di Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali Tahun 2018 adalah aktifitas fisik p=0.001, OR=2.3, konsumsi cemilan/minuman manis p=0.001, OR= 2.2 , Konsumsi fast food p=0.001, OR= 2, riwayat obesitas ayah p=0.012, OR= 1.5 dan riwayat obesitas ibu p=0.034, OR=1.4. Peneliti menyarankan kepada pihak sekolah agar memantau berat badan siswa sedikitnya setiap 6 bulan dan diharapkan orangtua turut serta dalam mengawasi pola makan anak serta membatasi sedentary behavior.

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Overweight and obesity has been recognized in public health because of the increasing prevalence globally. This study aims to know the relationship between gender, mother rsquo s education, mother rsquo s employment status, family income, parent rsquo s obesity history. areas of residence, physical activity, eating habits fast food consumption, sweet snacks drinks, breakfast habits , sedentary behavior duration of watching TV video, duration of game play and duration of sleeping with overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Badung Regency of Bali Province in 2018.

This research was conducted in May 2018 with cross sectional design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The research instrument used digital and microtoa scales and questionnaires for mother and FFQ.

The results showed that 51.8 of students fall into the category of overweight and obesity. Variables related to overweight and obesity in school children in Badung Regency Bali Province 2018 are physical activity p 0,001, OR 2,3, snack consumption sweet drink p 0,001, OR 2, 2, fast food consumption p 0.001, OR 2, history of father obesity p 0.012, OR 1.5 and maternal obesity obesity p 0.034, OR 1,4.

Researchers suggest to the school to monitor the weight of students at least every 6 months and is expected parents participate in supervising the child 39s diet and limit the sedentary behavior."

"Obesitas pada anak menjadi masalah gizi utama dalam beberapa dekade terakhir dan berkembang pesat di banyak negara, termasuk Indonesia. Pangan olahan khususnya ultra processed food (UPF) sebagai bagian dari klasifikasi NOVA diketahui memiliki ciri-ciri padat energi tinggi, berlemak, bergula dan asin sehingga dapat menyebabkan obesitas. Penelitian cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan UPF dengan indeks massa tubuh menurut umur (BAZ) pada anak usia sekolah 10-12 tahun di Surabaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di tiga sekolah negeri dan swasta di Surabaya, Jawa Timur Indonesia selama Maret-April 2020. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa SD kelas 4 dan 5 sebanyak 136 siswa yang dipilih secara acak. Pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan diperoleh untuk menghitung BAZ, sedangkan konsumsi UPF diperoleh dengan food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) dan recall 24 jam. FFQ untuk menilai konsumsi UPF disusun berdasarkan 1x recall 24 jam pada studi utama. Kuesioner terstruktur dan kuesioner aktivitas fisik untuk anak (PAQ-C) digunakan untuk menilai status sosio- demografi, tingkat aktivitas fisik, asupan energi, waktu di depan layar dan morbiditas anak. Uji Spearman digunakan pada analisis bivariat dan regresi linear digunakan untuk analisis multivariat, analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 13% responden mengalami kelebihan berat badan dan 24% obesitas; konsumsi UPF menyumbang 14% dari total asupan energi dengan median energi dari UPF 247 kkal/hari. Sebagian besar responden mengonsumsi energi yang tidak cukup dan aktivitas fisik rendah. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara konsumsi UPF dan BAZ (r=-0.097, p=0.196). Hanya aktivitas fisik yang berhubungan signifikan dengan BAZ pada analisis multivariat (p=0.014). Jenis UPF Obesogenik dan Non Obesogenik perlu dibedakan untuk mendapatkan korelasi yang jelas antara konsumsi UPF dan BAZ pada anak usia sekolah.

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Childhood obesity became the major nutritional problem in the last decades and growing rapidly in many countries, including Indonesia. Processed food especially ultra-processed food (UPF) as part of NOVA classification had known contain obesogenic nutrient which were high energy dense, fatty, sugary and salty may lead to overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation between UPF and body mass index for age (BAZ) among school age children 10- 12 years old in Surabaya. Data collection was conducted in three public and private school in Surabaya, East Java Indonesia during March-April 2020. Elementary students in the 4th and 5th grade were enrolled 136 students randomly selected as respondents. Weight and height measurement were obtained for calculating the BAZ, while UPF consumption was obtained by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hours recall. FFQ to assessed UPF consumption was developed based on single 24-hours recall from bigger study. Structured questionnaire and physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C) were used to assessed socio- demographics status, physical activity level (PAL), energy intake, sedentary screen time and child morbidity. Spearman test for bivariate analysis and linear regression for multivariate analysis, all data analyzed used SPSS version 20. The result found 13% of respondents were overweight and 24% obese; UPF consumption contribute 14% of total energy intake with median energy from UPF 247 kcal/day. Most of respondent had inadequate TEI and low PAL. No significant association was found between UPF consumption and BAZ (r=-0.097, p=0.196). Only physical activity that significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.014). It is necessary to distinguish the type of obesogenic and non-obesogenic UPF to get clear correlation between UPF consumption and BAZ among school age children."