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"Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis, sehingga anak terlalu pendek dari tinggi normal pada rentang usianya. Stunting ini merupakan penyakit kronis. Salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya stunting adalah pola asuh yang diterapkan dalam keluarga terhadap anak, dimana pola asuh dapat dipengaruhi oleh sikap dan pengetahuan keluarga yang menjadi caregiver terkait dengan kondisi anak. Walaupun pola asuh dalam keluarga amat penting, namun penelitian yang memfokuskan pada pengalaman keluarga merawat anak dengan stunting belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi secara lebih mendalam tentang pengalaman keluarga, terutama ibu merawat anak dengan stunting. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan jumlah partisipan 12 ibu. Penelitian menghasilkan empat tema, yaitu respons egative sebagai beban subjektif ibu, pandangan egative masyarakat dan dampaknya menambah beban ibu, upaya berdamai dengan kondisi anak stunting, serta pertingnya dukungan sosial terhadap perawatan anak stunting. Berdasarkan tema yang dihasilkan, dapat dilihat bahwa ibu yang merawat anak stunting mengalami respons yang beragam, sehingga membutuhkan dukungan sosial terutama keluarga terdekat. Namun, kesiapan ibu dalam merawat perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan kejadian stunting di Indonesia.

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Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children due to chronic malnutrition, so that children are too short of normal height in their age range. Stunting is a chronic disease. One of the risk factors for stunting is parenting that is applied in families to children, where parenting can be influenced by the attitudes and knowledge of the family who are caregivers related to the child`s condition. Although family caring is very important, research that focuses on the experience of families caring for children with stunting has never been done. This study aims to explore more deeply about family experiences, especially mothers caring for children with stunting. This study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach with the number of participants of 12 mothers. The study produced four themes, namely a holistic response as a subjective burden of mothers, a negative view of society and the impact of adding to the burden of the mother, efforts to make peace with the condition of stunting children, and the importance of social support for the care of stunting children. Based on the theme produced, it can be seen that mothers who care for stunting children experience diverse responses, so that they need social support, especially the immediate family. However, the readiness of mothers in caring needs to be further investigated to find out their relationship with stunting events in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKMemenuhi nutrisi anak merupakan tantangan bagi ibu. Masalah dalam pemenuhan nutrisi menyebabkan anak mengalami gizi buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu merawat anak balita gizi buruk. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif. Jumlah partisipan delapan orang. Tema yang ditemukan adalah: anak segalanya bagi ibu, ibu tidak menyadari bahwa anak mengalami gizi buruk sehingga gizi buruk bukan menjadi prioritas ibu untuk konsultasi kesehatan, ibu mendapat perlakuan tidak menyenangkan dari petugas kesehatan selama merawat anak dan diperlukan berbagai dukungan yang adekuat agar ibu mampu memperbaiki status gizi anak. Petugas kesehatan perlu mengembangkan kemampuan konseling dan pendampingan bagi ibu.

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ABSTRACT

Fulfilling adequate nutrition for children is a challenge for mothers. This study aimed to explore of mother's experiences in caring for malnourished children. This study involved eight mothers of malnourished child aged at under five years. Themes identified were: children are everything for the mothers; mothers did not realize that children suffering severe under nutrition, so that malnorish was not priority for consulting their children?s health; mother experienced unpleasant treatment from health workers; various supports were required by mothers to improve children?s health status. Health workers need to develop their skills to provide counseling and assistance to the mothers."

"Stunting merupakan salah satu kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak dimana tinggi badan anak <-2SD menurut tabel Z-score WHO. Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi penyebab utama masalah stunting pada anak, salah satunya yaitu ketidakoptimalan praktik pemberian makan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi gambaran praktik pemberian makan pada anak Batita yang mengalami stunting di Jakarta. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 15 orang partisipan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis konten. Hasil analisis data memperoleh 11 tema yang menggambarkan praktik pemberian makan pada anak Batita yang mengalami stunting di Jakarta antara lain : 1) Bayi dirawat terpisah dengan ibu setelah lahir, 2) Bayi diberikan susu formula menunggu ibu pulih, 3) Bayi diberikan ASI dan kontak dengan ibu hanya sebentar saat baru lahir, 4) Ibu senang bisa menyusui anaknya, 5) ASI dibantu dengan susu formula karena ASI kurang banyak pada usia 0-6 bulan, 6) Bayi diberikan ASI lanjutan, 7) Ibu memberikan MPASI dengan bubur bayi instan dan bubur tim siap saji, 8) Frekuensi pemberian makan 2-3 kali sehari dengan porsi yang sedikit, 9) Keragaman diet tidak terpenuhi, 10) Menu makanan disesuaikan dengan kondisi ekonomi, dan 11) Asupan makanan yang mengandung zat besi kurang optimal. Pemberian edukasi yang optimal kepada ibu hamil dan ibu yang memiliki Balita tentang praktik pemberian makan yang tepat diharapkan dapat menurunkan kejadian stunting di Indonesia.Kata kunci : Batita, praktik pemberian makan, stunting

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Stunting is a condition of failed to grow in children where the child's height is <-2SD according to the WHO Z-score table. There are several things that are the main causes of stunting problems in children, one of which is the inability to maximumly feed the children practices. The aim of this study is to explore the illustration of feeding practices for stunting toddlers in Jakarta. Participants involved in this study are 15 participants. The data analysis used in this study is content analysis. The results of the data analysis obtained 11 themes that illustrated the practice of feeding toddlers who experience stunting in Jakarta, among others : 1) Babies treated separately from mothers after birth, 2) Babies given formula milk waiting for mothers to recover, 3) Babies given breast milk and contact with mother only for a short while at birth, 4) Mother is happy to be able to breastfeed her child, 5) breast milk is assisted with formula milk because there is not much milk at the age of 0-6 months, 6) Babies are given continued breastfeeding, 7) Mothers provide instant porridge and ready-to-serve steam chicken rice, 8) Frequency of feeding 2-3 times a day with a small portion, 9) Diversity of diets not fulfilled, 10) Food menu adapted to economic conditions, and 11) Intake of foods containing iron is not optimal. Providing optimal education to pregnant women and mothers who have toddlers about proper feeding practices is expected to reduce the incidence of stunting in Indonesia.

Keywords : Toddlers, feeding practices, stunting"

"Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dunia. Prevalensi Stunting di Indonesia pada tahun 2022 adalah 21,6 persen, di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat pada tahun 2019 sebesar 39,3 persen, 2021 sebesar 33,8 persen dan 2022 sebesar 35,0 persen (479.699 anak). Prevalensi stunting terendah di Indonesia tahun 2019, 2021 dan 2022 adalah di Provinsi Bali berturut-turut 14,3 persen, 10,9 persen dan 8,0 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komparasi determinan stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat dan Bali. Desain adalah cross-sectional. Sampel adalah sebagian anak usia 6-23 bulan di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat dan Bali yang menjadi responden SSGI 2022 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data menggunakan kompleks sampel (crosstab dan regresi logistik berganda). Determinan stunting Provinsi Sulawesi Barat dan Bali berbeda. Faktor anak (jenis kelamin dan berat bayi lahir rendah) menjadi faktor penyebab stunting di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat tinggi. Peluang anak dengan riwayat BBLR 2,64 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami stunting daripada anak dengan riwayat tidak BBLR. Determinan stunting di Provinsi Bali adalah pendidikan ayah, tinggi ibu, umur ibu dan IMD. Variabel jenis kelamin, BBLR, pekerjaan ibu sumber air minum dan riwayat pneumonia merupakan variabel confounding. Anak yang tidak IMD berisiko mengalami stunting 4,47 kali lebih besar dibandingkan anak yang IMD.

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Stunting is a global public health concern. The stunting prevalence in Indonesia was 21.6 per cent in 2022, 39.3 per cent in 2019, 33.8 per cent in 2021 and 35.0 per cent in 2022 in West Sulawesi Province (479,699 children). The lowest stunting prevalence in Indonesia in 2019, 2021 and 2022 was in Bali Province with 14.3 percent, 10.9 percent and 8.0 percent respectively. This study aims to analyse the comparative determinants of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in West Sulawesi Province and Bali. The design was cross-sectional. Samples were children aged 6-23 months in the provinces of West Sulawesi and Bali who were respondents to the SSGI 2022 and met the inclusion criteria. Data were analysed using complex sampling (crosstabs and multiple logistic regression). Determinants of stunting differed between West Sulawesi and Bali provinces. Child factors (gender and low birth weight) were the most important determinants of stunting in West Sulawesi. A child with a history of LBW is 2.64 times more likely to be stunted than a child without a history of LBW. Determinants of stunting in Bali Province are father's education, mother's height, mother's age and IMD. Gender, LBW, maternal occupation, source of drinking water and history of pneumonia were confounding variables. Children without IMD had a 4.47 times higher risk of stunting than children with IMD.

 

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"Prevalensi picky eater di Indonesia sekitar 33,6% terjadi pada anak berusia balita dan 44,5% dari mereka mengalami malnutrisi ringan sampai sedang, sekitar 79,2% mengalami picky eater lebih dari 3 bulan. Peran orang tua, terutama peran seorang ibu sangat berpengaruh pada perilaku makan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara karakteristik ibu dan anak dengan perilaku picky eater pada anak usia toddler di Kota Depok. Karakteristik ibu yang dimaksud meliputi usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi, pemberian ASI eksklusif, dan praktik pemberian makan, sedangkan karakteristik anak yang dimaksud meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi, dan waktu pemberian MPASI. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan teknik cluster random sampling dan melibatkan responden sebanyak 112 orang. Variabel pada penelitian ini diukur dengan kuesioner perilaku picky eater (CEBQ) dan kuesioner praktik pemberian makan (CFPQ). Pada hasil penelitian ini, ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian ASI ekslusif (p-value 0.008), status gizi anak (p-value 0.001), dan waktu pemberian MPASI (p-value 0.001) dengan perilaku picky eater pada anak usia toddler, sedangkan variabel lainnya tidak berhubungan signifikan. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat berfokus pada pemberian ASI eksklusif dan MPASI usia 6 bulan untuk mencegah perilaku picky eater pada anak usia toddler.

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The prevalence of picky eaters in Indonesia is around 33.6% among toddlers, and 44.5% of them experience mild to moderate malnutrition, with approximately 79.2% experience picky eater behavior for more than 3 months. The role of parents, especially mothers, greatly influences children's eating behavior. This study aims to examine the relationship between maternal and child characteristics and picky eater behavior in toddler-aged children in Depok City. Maternal characteristics include age, education, occupation, economic status, exclusive breastfeeding, and feeding practices, while child characteristics include age, gender, nutritional status, and timing of complementary feeding. This research method used a cross-sectional design with cluster random sampling technique and involved 112 respondents. The variable was measured by Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Comprehensive Feeding Practice Questionnaire (CFPQ). The results of this study show a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (p-value 0.008), child nutritional status (p-value 0.001), and timing of complementary feeding (p-value 0.001) and picky eater behavior in toddler-aged children, while other variables were not significantly related. Further research can focus on exclusive breastfeeding and introducing complementary feeding at 6 months to prevent picky eating behavior in toddlers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 25-60 bulan di Kelurahan Kalibaru Depok tahun 2012. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 104 balita yang didapat dengan cara simple random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2012. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran tinggi badan, wawancara kuesioner dan lembar FFQ semikuantitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi responden yang stunting sebesar 21,2% dan yang memiliki status gizi TB/U normal sebesar 78,8%. Analisis uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara asupan protein, berat lahir, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan ayah, dan status ekonomi keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar peran aktif pemerintah khususnya petugas kesehatan untuk menanggulangi kejadian stunting pada balita. Selain itu, diharapkan masyarakat untuk menerapkan pola makan gizi seimbang dan mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraannya.

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The objective of this research is to determine the description and relationship factors of stunting children among 25-60 months at Kelurahan Kalibaru Depok in 2012. The method of this research is cross sectional design. There are 104 children was being the samples in this research and they obtained by simple random sampling. The research was held on April to May 2012. The database were collected by measuring of height, interview on the questionnaire and FFQ semiquantitative sheet.

The result of this study found that proportion of the respondents who are stunting was 21,2 % and the respondents who had normal nutrition status of HAZ was 78,8%. The result of statistic analysis showed that the protein intake, birth weight, parent?s education father?s occupation, and family economic status had a significant association with child-stunting.

This research suggest the active role from government, especially health care workers to solve the problem of child-stunting. Beside of that, people are expected to implement the balanced nutritional diet and get a proper education to improve their economic status."

"Di Indonesia, stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Provinsi Lampung mengalami prevalensi stunting yang meningkat dari Tahun 2015 sampai 2017, yaitu 22,6%, 24,8% dan 31,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku keluarga sadar gizi ( penimbangan berat badan balita secara teratur, memberikan ASI saja kepada bayi sejak lahir sampai usia 6 bulan/ASI Eksklusif, rumah tangga menggunakan garam beryodium, minum suplemen gizi sesuai anjuran/ vitamin A dan Konsumsi beraneka ragam makanan) dan karakteristik responden seperti faktor riwayat balita pernah dirawat, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita, dan tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting. Desain studi penelitian ini yaitu cross-sectional dengan analisis bivariat dengan chi square (kai kuadrat). Data yang digunakan yaitu data Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) dengan jumlah sampel 1533 balita usia 6-23 bulan di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2017. Hasil anlisis menunjukkan bahwa perilaku keluarga sadar gizi, pemberian vitamin A, pemberian ASI Eksklusif, konsumsi beraneka ragam makanan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Namun terdapat hubungan antara rumah tangga menggunakan garam beryodium dan penimbangan balita secara teratur dengan kejadian stunting. Perlu adanya dukungan dari setiap anggota keluarga dalam menerapkan perilaku keluarga sadar gizi.

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In Indonesia, stunting is still a public health problem. Lampung Province experienced an increasing prevalence of stunting from 2015 to 2017, by percentage is 22,6 %, 24,8% and 31,6%. This study aims to determine association between nutrition conscious family behavior (with variables like weighing toddlers regularly, provide exclusive breastfeeding, households use iodized salt, get vitamin A and consume a wide variety of foods) and respondent characteristics such as a history of factors under five have been treated, mother’s education, mother’s occupation, number of family members, the number of under five, and residence with stunting incident. The design of this research study is cross-sectional with chi square test to bivariate analysis. The data used is Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) data and used 1533 child aged 6-23 months as sample in Lampung Province 2017. The analysis result shows that nutrition conscious family (KADARZI) behavior, get vitamin A, provide exclusive breastfeeding, consume a wide variety of foods are not related to stunting incident. However there is a relationship between households use iodized salt and weighing toddlers regularly to stunting incident. There needs to be support from each family member in implementing nutrition conscious family (KADARZI) behavior."

"this study was aimed to assess factors socioeconomic water and sanitation access to health service and immunization status of the children lees than five years with occurrence of stunting in Sikka and Lombok District in in temore Province .our data was secondary data has been collected By Research center UI after analyzing data with stata 2010 unvariat bivariate analysis in summary we find that from 2593 children under five 54.47 were normal and 45.53 were stunted and in multivariate analysis the male children had1.2 time the risk stunted and had significant association with stunting according age of mother at the age 20-30 year have risk 6.1time to stunted age <20 year had 5 time more risk of stunting and significant association with stunted and in socioeconomic have significant association with stunted poor family had 1.1 time more risk to stunted by going high every level socioeconomic prevalence of stunting going down. Use of soap in hygiene activity non us of soap had 1.5 time risk to stunted than who used soap in hygiene activity had less risk to stunted. Use of soap had significant with stunted. And according health service utilization that family who used form selfmedication had more stunted children than who use community private or government facility and health service utilization in long term illness had significant association with stunting."

"Prevalensi status gizi kurang pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Status gizi anak usia sekolah salah satunya ditentukan oleh asupan nutrien, di mana konsumsi jajanan di sekolah memberikan asupan nutrien dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Pengetahuan anak usia sekolah mengenai kebiasaan jajan dapat berimplikasi pada perilaku jajan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran status gizi berdasarkan indikator BB/U, TB/U, dan IMT/U, tingkat pengetahuan anak usia sekolah mengenai kebiasaan jajan serta hubungan keduanya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data primer yang diambil dari anak sekolah usia 6-14 tahun di Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan, pada tanggal 18 Oktober 2009. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode total sampling. Data yang diambil berupa data umum, data antropometrik serta data pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah subyek penelitian adalah sebanyak 78 orang dengan rata-rata berusia 10,10 ± 1,43 tahun. Dari pengukuran antropometrik didapatkan rerata berat badan 26,18 ± 5,55 kg dan rerata tinggi badan 130,67 ± 8,32 cm. Persentasi subyek dengan status gizi kurang berdasarkan BB/U sebanyak 51,3%, berdasarkan TB/U sebanyak 32,1% dan berdasarkan IMT/U sebanyak 38,5%. Nilai tengah skor pengetahuan subyek mengenai kebiasaan jajan adalah 6 (1-10), di mana sebanyak 41% subyek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang. Dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan dan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U, didapatkan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,026 (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan tahun 2009.

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Prevalence of poor nutritional status among school-age children in Indonesia remains high. Nutrient intake is one of factors that determine school-age children nutritional status, and the consumption of snacks at school-environment provides large amount of nutrient intake. Their knowledge about snack habits implicate on their daily snack behavior. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of nutritional status based on indicators WAP, HAP, and BMI, the knowledge of school-age children about snack consumption and their association. This study was conducted with a cross sectional design using data taken from primary school children aged 6-14 years in the Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan, on October 18, 2009. Samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data was taken in the form of common data, anthropometric data and knowledge level about snack consumption using a questionnaire.

Total subjects were 78 people with an average age of 10.10 ± 1.43 years. Anthropometric measurements obtained resulted mean weight 26.18 ± 5.55 kg and mean height 130.67 ± 8.32 cm. Percentage of subjects with poor nutritional status based on WAP as much as 51.3%, based on the HAP as much as 32.1% and based on the BMI as much as 38.5%. The mean score of knowledge about snack consumption habits is 6 (1-10), where as many as 41% of subjects had poor knowledge level. The Chi Square test were used to measure the association between the knowledge about the snack consumtpion and nutritional status. Probability value of 0.026 (p <0.05) was obtained based on BMI and knowledge-level. There is an association between the knowledge snack consumption and nutritional status based on BMI / U on school-age children in the Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan in 2009."

"Kemiskinan merupakan akar masalah dari munculnya masalah gizi kurang pada masyarakat perkotaan. Karya Ilmiah Akhir ini memberikan gambaran tentang asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang dilaksanakan pada keluarga Bapak S dengan masalah ketidakseimbangan nutrisi pada anak usia sekolah. Implementasi yang telah dilakukan terdiri dari implementasi yang bersifat kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor dengan pendekatan lima tugas kesehatan keluarga. Intervensi yang menjadi unggulan ialah penyusunan menu makanan dengan gizi seimbang pada anak usia sekolah berdasarkan triguna makanan dan jadwal makan bersama keluarga. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan berat badan pada anak usia sekolah kelolaan. Ibu E melaporkan bahwa telah menyediakan makanan sesuai dengan triguna makanan. Keluarga Bapak S melaporkan bahwa telah melakukan upaya pemenuhan makanan dengan gizi seimbang dan jadwal makan bersama dengan anak.

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Poverty is the underlying cause of the emergence of nutritional problems, especially malnutrition in urban communities. This final assignment describes the nursing care process of Mr. S?s family with nutrition imbalance problem among school aged children. The implementation to the family consisted of the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspect that used the five family health tasks. Nursing interventions that become the main intervention was scheduling of nutritional balance menus based on ?triguna makanan? and eat together with family for school aged children. The evaluation showed that the0 nursing care was effective to make school aged children to gain weight. Mrs. E, client S?s mother, reported that she had provided food according to ?triguna makanan?. Mr. S?s family reported that the family has made efforts to provide the food with balanced nutrition and scheduled eating together with their children."