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"Kondisi kesetaraan gender dalam pendidikan di Indonesia merupakan isu yang terus mengalami kemajuan, meskipun begitu hal tersebut belum sejalan dengan kondisi kesetaraan gender secara global. Berdasarkan Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) tahun 2021, Indonesia masih menempati urutan 101 dari 156 negara dengan skor 0,688 atau 68,8 persen kesetaraan gender. Peringkat Indonesia dalam sub indeks GGGI, terutama dalam capaian pendidikan, berada pada posisi cenderung di bawah. Penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi ketidaksetaraan gender dalam pendidikan dan dampaknya terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia pada tingkat kabupaten/kota. Dengan menggunakan data panel dari tahun 2012 hingga 2021, analisis ini mengungkap variasi dalam ketimpangan gender dalam pendidikan di berbagai kabupaten/kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang negatif dan signifikan antara ketidaksetaraan gender dalam pendidikan, yang diukur menggunakan rasio rata-rata lamanya sekolah perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki, dengan indikator kemiskinan, yang menandakan bahwa peningkatan kesetaraan gender dalam pendidikan dapat membantu upaya pengentasan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan kontekstual untuk mengatasi tantangan dan peluang yang spesifik di berbagai wilayah. Rekomendasi kebijakan mencakup promosi kesetaraan gender dalam pendidikan, penghapusan stereotip gender, dan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi, jumlah penduduk, akses internet, dan program bantuan sosial dalam upaya pengentasan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pembuatan kebijakan untuk mencapai kesetaraan gender dan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia.

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The condition of gender equality in education in Indonesia is an issue that continues to make progress, although it is not yet aligned with the global gender equality situation. Based on the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) in 2021, Indonesia still ranks 101 out of 156 countries with a score of 0.688 or 68.8 percent gender equality. Indonesia's ranking in the GGGI sub-index, particularly in educational attainment, is relatively lower. This research examines the condition of gender inequality in education and its impact on poverty in Indonesia at the district/city level. By using panel data from 2012 to 2021, the analysis reveals variations in gender disparities in education across different districts/cities. The research findings show a significant negative relationship between gender inequality in education, measured by the ratio of average years of schooling for females compared to males, and the poverty indicator, indicating that an increase in gender equality in education can contribute to poverty alleviation efforts. The research emphasizes the importance of a contextual approach to address specific challenges and opportunities in different regions. Policy recommendations include promoting gender equality in education, eliminating gender stereotypes, and considering factors such as economic growth, population size, internet access, and social assistance programs in poverty alleviation efforts. This research is expected to contribute to policy-making efforts to achieve gender equality and poverty reduction in Indonesia."

"Peningkatan kesetaraan gender terutama dalam aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, dan lapangan kerja turut memberikan kontribusi sebagai katalisator percepatan pembangunan. Upaya sinergi kesetaraan gender dalam pembangunan di Indonesia menghasilkan capaian indikator kesetaraan gender nasional yang terus meningkat. Namun pada tingkat dunia, posisi Indonesia masih terbilang cukup rendah seperti WBL Index tahun 2021 menunjukkan Indonesia berada pada peringkat 149 dari 190 negara. Peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas sumber daya manusia terus dilakukan untuk mendorong pertumbuhan, termasuk dengan pemberian kesempatan untuk memperoleh pendidikan yang seluas-luasnya kepada warga negara. Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana capaian kesetaraan gender dalam bidang pendidikan di Indonesia, serta bagaimana hubungannya dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai indikator pembangunan, dengan menggunakan fixed effect panel data kabupaten/kota selama periode tahun 2011-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masih adanya ketimpangan gender dalam capaian pendidikan selama periode observasi, terutama di luar wilayah Jawa Bali. Di sisi lain, peningkatan kesetaraan gender melalui rasio lama bersekolah perempuan berkontribusi positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah, begitu pula dengan rasio perempuan pada tenaga kerja yang berpendidikan setingkat SMP sesuai dengan kebutuhan tenaga kerja terutama di sektor industri.

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Gender equality, particularly in the areas of education, health, and employment, also serves as a stimulant for faster growth. In Indonesia, efforts to synergize gender equality in development results with national gender equality indices continuing to improve. However, Indonesia's place in the globe remains poor, as measured by the 2021 WBL Index, where it is rated 149th out of 190 nations. To support growth, efforts to increase the number and quality of human resources are continuing, including providing individuals with opportunity to get the broadest possible education. Using district/city fixed effect panel data for the period 2011-2020, this study examines the attainment of gender equality in education in Indonesia, as well as how it links to economic growth as development’s measures. The study's findings show that during the observation period, there was still a gender gap in educational achievement, particularly outside of the Java-Bali region. Increasing gender equality through the ratio of women's years of schooling, as well as the ratio of women to the workforce with a junior high school education that is in line with the needs of the workforce, especially in the industrial sector, contributes positively and significantly to regional economic growth."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai apakah nilai matematika perempuan lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan nilai matematika laki-laki yang mana akan berdampak pada ketimpangan gender dalam bidang STEM. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sebuah analisis baik itu deskriptif maupun inferensial dalam menjelaskan mengenai fenomena terkait di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey gelombang 5 pada tahun 2014 dan SAKERNAS 2019 sebagai data acuan. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis pada tiga tingkat pendidikan yaitu tingkat SD, tingkat SMP, dan tingkat SMA. Dalam melakukan analisis deskriptif, penulis melakukan perhitungan rata-rata dan distribusi responden antara nilai rata-rata matematika responden dengan aspek yang terlihat memengaruhi berdasarkan beberapa teori dan penelitian terdahulu. Sedangkan, pada bagian analisis inferensial dilakukan metode Ordinary Least Square dan regresi Logistik Binomial dan Multinomial dalam membantu perhitungan. Hasil dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa pada data IFLS 5 yang dipakai, pada tahun 2014, untuk ketimpangan nilai antar gender, terlihat bahwa pada nilai matematika tidak terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan antara laki-laki dan perempuan dan dapat dikatakan tidak terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2014, sedangkan, hasil menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada nilai Bahasa. Sedangkan, dengan menggunakan data SAKERNAS 2019, terlihat bahwa terjadinya ketimpangan gender pada bidang STEM di Indonesia 5 tahun setelah data dari IFLS 5. Hal ini menjadi dasar argumen bahwa penyebab perempuan kurang berminat memasuki STEM adalah bukan dikarenakan kurangnya kemampuan perempuan dalam matematika melainkan dimungkinkan perempuan memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik pada bidang lain yaitu bahasa Indonesia. Selain itu, beberapa aspek yang terlihat signifikan memengaruhi nilai matematika merupakan kursus, daerah tempat tinggal (pedesaan atau perkotaan) dan kohort (tahun kelahiran), dan pengeluaran per kapita rumah tangga.

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This study aims to find out whether women's math scores are worse than men's math scores which will have an impact on gender inequality in the STEM field. In this study, an analysis was carried out both descriptive and inferential in explaining the phenomenon in Indonesia using Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5 that was conducted in 2014 as main data. This study conducted an analysis on three levels of education, those are the Elementary level, the Junior High School level, and the High School level. In conducting a descriptive analysis, the authors cross-tabulated the average mathematical scores of respondents and aspects that seemed to influence based on several theories and previous research. Meanwhile, in the inferential analysis section, the Ordinary Least Square method is carried out in helping with calculations. The results of this study, it was found that in the IFLS 5 data used, in 2014, the inequality of mathematics scores between genders in mathematics scores was not exist. It can be seen that in mathematics scores there is no significant difference between men and women and it can be said that this did not occur in Indonesia in 2014, while women have better ability in other fields, language. Meanwhile, using the SAKERNAS 2019 data, it can be seen that the occurrence of gender inequality in the STEM field in Indonesia 5 years after the data from IFLS 5. This is the basis of the argument that the reason why women are less interested in entering STEM is not because of women's lack of ability in mathematics but it is probably because of women's better language skills. In addition, several aspects that appear to significantly affect the value of mathematics are the course, area of residence (rural or urban), cohort (year of birth) and household per capita expenditure."

"ABSTRAKRiset ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi studi deskriptif mengenai kondisi kerja buruhpabrik garmen di Indonesa dan Vietnam berdasarkan gender dan untuk mencari tahupenyebab ketidaksetaraan gender di pabrik selama periode 2012-2014, terutama setelahtemuan sebelumnya mengindikasi bahwa kesetaraan gender di tempat kerja bermanfaatuntuk performa perusahaan saat dikelola dengan baik. Metodologi rsiet yang dipakaiuntuk riset ini adalah riset kuantitatif dan riset kualitatif. Metode riset kuantitatif yangdigunakan adalah studi deskriptif untuk menjelaskan data survey pekerja yang diolaholeh Better Work. Metode riset kualitatif yang digunakan adalah studi literaturemengenai hambatan di tempat kerja untuk wanita di Indonesia dan Vietnam.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to explore descriptive study on the working conditions for thegarment factories workers in Indonesia and Vietnam based on gender and to find outthe causes of gender inequality in the factories during the period of 2012-2014,especially since empirical evidences suggest gender equality in the workplace isbeneficial for firm performance when managed properly. The research methodologiesused for this study are quantitative research and qualitative research. The quantitativeresearch is using descriptive study to explain the data of the workers? survey collectedby Better Work. The qualitative research is using literature review on barriers in theworkplace for women both in Indonesia and Vietnam."

"Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Alkire-Foster untuk mengukur kemiskinan rumah tangga yang dikepalai laki-laki dan perempuan berdasarkan pengukuran kemiskinan multidimensi (nonmoneter) dengan menggunakan data survei rumah tangga yang berasal dari Susenas 2012. Berfokus pada tiga dimensi (pendidikan, kesehatan dan nutrisi, dan standar hidup), ditemukan bahwa tingkat kemiskinan multidimensi rumah tangga perempuan lebih tinggi daripada rumah tangga lakilaki meskipun intensitas kemiskinan yang dialami rumah tangga laki-laki lebih besar daripada rumah tangga perempuan. Sementara itu uji regresi logistik biner menemukan adanya pengaruh wilayah demografi, status kawin KRT, lapangan pekerjaan KRT, dan komposisi rumah tangga terhadap status kemiskinan multidimensi rumah tangga yang dikepalai laki-laki dan perempuan di Indonesia, dimana lapangan pekerjaan merupakan faktor yang paling besar pengaruhnya.

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This study applies Alkire-Foster method for measuring households poverty headed by men and women based on multidimensional poverty measurement (non-monetary) by using household survey data from Susenas 2012. Focuses on three dimensions (education, health and nutrition, and living standard), it was revealed that the rate of multidimensional poverty of households headed by women is higher than households headed by men even though the intensity of poverty experienced by men households is greater than women households. Nevertheless, the binary logistic regression had discovered the effect of demographic region, marital status of the households head, households head employment, and households? composition against the multidimensional poverty status of households headed by men and women in Indonesia, where employment is the utmost affected factor."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perdagangan internasional terhadap kesenjangan gender di sektor manufaktur di Indonesia berdasarkan teori Becker. Menurut teori ini, perdagangan internasional meningkatkan persaingan industri dan pada gilirannya menurunkan diskriminasi gender. Ini merupakan studi tingkat industri yang membandingkan efek dari perdagangan internasional pada kesenjangan upah gender dan lapangan kerja perempuan dalam industri yang kompetitif dan industri terkonsentrasi.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perdagangan internasional menurunkan ketidaksetaraan gender dalam industri terkonsentrasi karena menurunkan kesenjangan upah gender dan meningkatkan lapangan kerja perempuan. Sementara itu, ketidaksetaraan gender memburuk dalam industri kompetitif karena perdagangan meningkatkan kesenjangan upah gender dan mengurangi tenaga kerja perempuan.;

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment;This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment;This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment;This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment, This research aims to analyze the impact of international trade on gender inequality in Indonesian manufacturing sector based on Becker's theory. According to this theory, international trade boosts industry competition and in turn lowers gender discrimination. This is an industry-level study that compares the effects of international trade on gender wage gap and female employment in competitive industries and concentrated industries.The results of the analysis indicate international trade alleviate gender inequality in concentrated industry because it lowers gender wage gap and increases female employment. Meanwhile, gender inequality worsened in competitive industry because trade increase gender wage gap and reduce female employment]"

"ABSTRAKPendidikan dipercaya sebagai salah satu faktor yang mampu mengakhiri rantai kemiskinan. Namun di beberapa wilayah seperti di China dan Tanzania pendidikan tidak efektif untuk menekan angka kemiskinan. Malah dalam sebagian kasus, investasi keluarga yang terlalu besar dalam pendidikan malah menyebabkan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh pendidikan yang direpresentasikan dengan angka partisipasi murni siswa/i SMP dan SMA terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia dalam 4 tahun 2013-2016 . Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel yaitu Random Effect Model. Hasil dari uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa angka partisipasi murni siswa/i SMP dan SMA terbukti secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan. Namun, koefisien pengaruh kedua variabel tersebut yang relatif kecil menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan belum berhasil memberikan eksternalitas positif yang diharapkan dapat diciptakan oleh sektor pendidikan. Untuk itu masih di rasa perlu ada peningkatan tidak hanya dalam jumlah kuantitas peserta didik melainkan juga kualitas pendidikan untuk menciptakan manfaat yang lebih.

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ABSTRACTEducation is believed to be one of the factors that could bring an end to the poverty chain. However, in some countries like China and Tanzania, education is not effective to reduce poverty rate. Instead, in some cases, a large amount of family investments in education leads to poverty. The aim of this research is to examine how education, which is represented by middle school and high school students 39 pure participation rate, affects the poverty rate in Indonesia by using the data collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 4 years timespan 2013 2016 . The method used in this research is the regression of panel data by Random Effect Model. The result of this statistic test shows that middle school and high school students 39 pure participation rate has been proven to be able to reduce the poverty rate significantly. However, the impact rsquo s coefficient of both variables, which are relatively small, shows that education has not been successful in providing the positive externality which is expected from the education sector. For this reason, it is necessary to have an increase not only in the quantity of students, but also in the quality of education so that it will give more benefit."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empirik mengenai kemiskinan energi multidimensi di Indonesia dan apakah dampaknya terhadap kesehatan. Motivasi dari studi ini berasal dari fakta bahwa kemiskinan energi dan kesehatan menjadi perhatian di dunia global, termasuk di Indonesia. Namun, studi empirik dalam membuktikan kemiskinan energi multidimensi dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini mengukur kemiskinan energi multidimensi melalui dua aspek, yaitu aksesibilitas, dan keterjangkauan. Dengan menggunakan metode regresi Two-Stage-Least-Square (2SLS), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kemiskinan energi di Indonesia sangat bervariasi dan segala bentuk kemiskinan energi berdampak negatif terhadap status kesehatan rumah tangga di Indonesia.

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This study aims to find empirical evidence regarding multidimensional energy poverty in Indonesia and its impact on health. The motivation for this study comes from the fact that energy poverty and health become a serious concern in the global world, including in Indonesia. However, empirical studies in proving multidimensional energy poverty and its impact on health are still very limited. This study measuring multidimensional energy poverty through two aspects, namely accessibility, and affordability. By using a simultaneous equation model with Two-Stage-Least-Square (2SLS) regression method, this study found that energy poverty in Indonesia varies widely and any form of energy poverty has a negative impact on household health status."

"Penelitian ini membahas ketidaksetaraan gender yang ada dalam tradisi Ala Kachuu di Kirgistan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan representasi ketidaksetaraan gender dalam film Ала Качуу/Ala Kachuu 2018 dan Film Ала Качуу/Ala Kachuu 2020 dengan teori representasi oleh Stuart Hall dan teori ketidaksetaraan gender oleh Mansour Fakih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif berdasarkan Creswell (2009) dilengkapi dengan teknik sinematografi Mise-en-scène. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa adanya ketidaksetaraan gender dalam dua film tersebut yang meliputi marginalisasi peran ibu, posisi anak perempuan, stereotip perempuan, beban kerja, subordinasi, dan kekerasan.

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This research discusses the gender inequality that exists in the Ala Kachuu tradition in Kyrgyzstan. This research aims to reveal the representation of gender inequality in the film Ала Качуу/Ala Kachuu 2018 and Ала Качуу/Ala Kachuu 2020 with representation theory by Stuart Hall and gender inequality theory by Mansour Fakih. The method used in this research is qualitative based on Creswell (2009) complemented with the cinematographic technique Mise-en-scène. The results of the research conclude that there is gender inequality in the two films which includes the marginalization of the mother's role, the position of daughters, women stereotypes, workload, subordination, and violence.

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