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"Hampir seluruh pekerjaan konstruksi memerlukan manual handling. Manual handling dianggap sebagai kontributor utama penyebab masalah pada punggung dan juga gangguan muskuloskeletal terkait kerja lainnya (Straker, 1999). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pekerja aktivitas manual handling di proyek pembangunan gedung bertingkat PT X yang berlokasi di Cikini, Jakarta Pusat, dengan tujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara tingkat risiko ergonomi dan faktor individu terhadap keluhan gejala gangguan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dan melibatkan 85 pekerja aktivitas manual handling. Metode yang digunakan dalam penlitian ini adalah Quick Exposure Check (QEC) dan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi keluhan terbanyak yang dialami oleh pekerja yaitu pada punggung (51,8%), bahu kiri (40%), dan bahu kanan (36,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara tingkat risiko dan usia terhadap keluhan gejala gangguan muskuloskeletal.

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Almost every construction task needs manual handling. Manual handling considered as major contributor to back problems, as well as other work-related musculoskeletal disorders (Straker, 1999). This research was conducted on manual handling activity workers at the PT X multi-storey building project located in Cikini, Central Jakarta, with the aim of looking at the correlation between the level of ergonomics risk and individual factors on complaints of musculoskeletal disorders. This research used a cross-sectional study design and involved 85 manual handling activity workers. The methods used in this research are Quick Exposure Check (QEC) and Nordic Body Mp (NBM). The results showed that the location of the most common complaints experienced by workers was on the back (51,8%), left shoulder (40%), and right shoulder (36,5%). The results of bivariate analysis showed that there is a correlation between the level of risk and age on complaints of musculoskeletal disorders symptioms."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat risiko ergonomi dan keluhan subjektif MSDs terkait aktivitas manual handling pada mekanik Toyota Auto 2000 di Cikarang tahun 2013 dengan metode REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) dan kuesioner NBM (Nordic Body Map) yang telah dimodifikasi dan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti yaitu seluruh mekanik Toyota Auto 2000 di Cikarang yang berjumlah 34 orang. Dari hasil risiko ergonomi yang diteliti timbul keluhan musculoskeltal disorders (MSDs). Aktivitas manual handling yang dilakukan mekanik menghasilkan risiko sedang dimana membutuhkan investigasi lebih lanjut dan dilakukan perubahan prosedur. Sedangkan untuk hasil keluhan MSDs berdasarkan kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa bahu kanan (52,9%) dan pinggang (58,8%) paling banyak dirasakan keluhan oleh mekanik yang berumur < 25 tahun dengan masa kerja < 5 tahun dan memiliki kebiasaan olahraga, merokok dan kurangnya jam tidur.

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The purpose of this research is to describe the ergonomic risk level and subjective complaints musculoskeletal disorders manual handling related activities at Toyota Auto 2000 mechanical Cikarang in 2013 with REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method and NBM (Nordic Body Map) questionnaires that have been modified and using cross sectional approach. Sample studies is all mechanical Toyota Auto 2000 Cikarang amounting to 34 people.

From the research results ergonomic risk arising complaints musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Manual handling activities are performed mechanic produce a medium risk which that requires further investigation and change soon. For the complaints MSDS based on questionnaire results showed that the right shoulder (52,9%) and waist (58,8%) most widely perceive by mechanical complaints under the age 25 years with year of service under 5 years and have exercise,smoking habits and lack of sleep hours."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas analisis risiko manual handling dan keluhan gejala musculoskletal disorders MSDs di PT Aneka Komkar Utama. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan observasi yang dilakukan pada 52 pekerja. Pengukuran postur, beban, frekuensi, dan durasi pada aktivfitas manual handling didapatkan dengan menggunakan menggunakan lembar kerja REBA Rapid Entire Body Asessment , sedangkan untuk mengetahui gambaran keluhan gejala MSDs pada pekerja menggunakan kuisioner yang mengacu pada Nordic Body Map. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa 98 responden mengalami keluhan gejala MSDs dengan bagian tubuh yang paling dominan merasakan keluhan yaitu pinggang bawah dengan jumlah 68,6 dari seluruh responden. Distribusi keluhan gejala MSDs bedasarkan usia menunjukan responden dengan usia 25 tahun keatas lebih banyak mengeluhkan gejala MSDs 84 , bedasarkan IMT sebanyak 70 yang mengeluh MSDs berada dalam kategori normal, bedasarkan masa kerja responden dengan masa kerja lebih dari 5 tahun memiliki keluhan lebih tinggi 72 , bedasarkan kebiasaan olahraga responden yang melakukan kebiasaan olahraga tidak rutin memiliki keluhan lebih tinggi 76 , bedasarkan kebiasaan merokok mayoritas responden yang mengalami keluhan merokok sebanyak 1-12 batang dalam sehari pada setahun terakhir 52.

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ABSTRAKThis study discusses manual risk analysis of handling and complaints of symptoms of musculoskletal disorders MSDs in PT Aneka Komkar Utama. This study uses descriptive design with observations made on 52 workers. Measurements of posture, load, frequency, and duration of manual handling activity were obtained using REBA Rapid Entire Body Asessment worksheet, whereas to know the description of MSDs symptom symptom on workers using questionnaires referring to Nordic Body Map. The results of the research note that 98 of respondents have symptoms of MSDs symptoms with the most dominant body part to feel the complaints of the lower waist with the number of 68.6 of all respondents. Distribution of symptoms of MSDs symptoms based on age indicates that respondents aged 25 years and over complained about symptoms of MSDs 84 , based on IMT as much as 70 who complained that MSDs were in the normal category, based on the working period of respondents with more than 5 years of work have more complaints 72 , based on exercise habit of respondents who do routine exercise habit have higher complaint 76 , based on smoking habit of majority of respondents who have smoking complaints as much as 1 12 sticks in a day in the last year 52."

"Perkembangan teknologi membuat perubahan aktifitas pekerja kantor beralih menggunakan Visual Display Unit (VDU) dan berpotensi Muscoloskeletal Disorders (MSDs). MSDs dapat menimbulkan penurunan produktifitas dan kerugian ekonomi. Aktifitas pekerja di PT. X menggunakan VDU selama 8 jam setiap hari. Tidak banyak penelitian yang dilakukan PT X terkait dengan MSDs di perkantoran selama ini. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari tesis ini adalah mengkaji faktor-faktor risiko yang menyebabkan keluhan gejala MSDs antara lain faktor individu, lingkungan, peralatan, organisasi kerja dan psikososial pada pekerja perkantoran. Metode penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan metode proportionale stratifiled random sampling pada 95 orang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar responden mempunyai keluhan MSDs sebanyak 83,16% dengan rincian keluhan kronis sebanyak 70,52%, keluhan akut sebanyak 1,37%, keluhan keduanya sebanyak 6,71%. Sedangkan 16.84% responden yang tidak mempunyai keluhan MSDs. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan MSDs adalah BMI (p<0.05), masa kerja (p<0.05), persepsi job stress (p<0.01) dan postur kerja (p<0.05). Postur kerja berhubungan dengan panjang alas duduk (p<0.01) dan tinggi kursi (p<0.05) persepsi job stress berhubungan dengan rincian tugas (p<0.05), durasi kerja (p<0.05), durasi istirahat (p<0.01), tuntutan kerja (p<0.05), dan job control (p<0.01). Faktor dominan dari risiko ergonomi terhadap keluhan keluhan gejala MSDs adalah durasi istirahat (p=0.002), postur tubuh (p=0.017), dan persepsi job stress (p=0.005). Hasil penelitian mengkonfirmasi bahwa durasi istirahat, postur tubuh dan job stress berhubungan dengan keluhan MSDs pekerja perkantoran.

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The developments of technology, the office worker change their activity by using Visual Display Unit (VDU) and it potentially causes Muscoloskeletal Disorders (MSDs). MSDs can decrease the productivity and cause economic losses. Employee activities at PT. X use VDU for 8 hours every day. So far, not much research which is related with MSDs in the office conducted by PT X. This thesis aimed to review the risk factors that asosiate with MSDs symptoms include individual, environment, equipment, work organization and psychosocial factor on office workers. The method of this research is cross-sectional with proportionale stratifiled random sampling method in 95 office workers.

The result of this research is most of respondents have MSDs complaint as much as 83,16% with details chronic complaint is 70,52%, acute complaint is 1,37%, both complaint is 6,71%. While 16,84% of respondents did not have MSDs complaints. Related factors to MSDs complaints were BMI (p <0.05), length of service (p <0.05), job stress perception (p <0.01) and work posture (p <0.05). Work posture relates to seat length (p <0.05) and height of chair (p <0.01) job stress perception related to job description (p <0.05), duration of work (p <0.05), duration of rest (p <0.01), work demands (p <0.05), and job control (p <0.01). The dominant factors of ergonomic risk to complaints of symptoms of MSDs were duration of rest (p = 0.002), work posture (p = 0.017), and job stress perception (p = 0.005). The results are confirmed that the duration of rest, posture and job stress associated with MSDs complaints office workers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko ergonomi dan keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada pekerja garmen PT Parahita Prima Sentosa menggunakan tools REBA dan kuesioner NBM. Responden pada studi ini adalah 33 pekerja yang tersebar pada setiap aktivitas mencakup cutting, sewing, setrika dan quality control. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa dengan metode REBA didapatkan mayoritas pekerja pada bagian produksi mempunyai tingkat risiko sedang untuk terjadi MSDs, yaitu operator jahit, operator setrika, dan pekerja quality control dan satu aktivitas yang memiliki risiko sangat tinggi yaitu operator cutting. Untuk hasil kuesioner NBM menunjukan bahwa pekerja pada industri ini mengeluhkan pada bagian pinggang (87.9%), leher atas (63.6%) dan betis kiri (60.3%).

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This Research purposes to find out risk level of ergonomic and Musculoskeletal Disorders complaint in garment workers at PT Parahita Prima Sentosa using REBA tools and NBM questionaires. The respondents of this study are 33 workers that dispersed at each activity included cutting, sewing, ironing and quality control. The result of this study (REBA) showed that the majority of workers in the production division were have a medium risk for MSDs, there are sewing operators, ironing operators, and quality control workers and just one activity that has a very high risk which is cutting operators. Results for NBM questionary obtained that workers in this industry has complaints in their waist (87.9%), upper neck (63.6%) and left calf (60.6%)."

"Gangguan otot rangka merupakan suatu cedera atau gangguan pada otot, saraf, tendon, sendi, tulang rawan, dan cakram tulang belakang yang dapat mempengaruhi gerakan tubuh manusia atau sistem muskuloskeletal. Pekerja pada industri konstruksi memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mengalami keluhan gangguan otot rangka karena aktivitas pekerjaanya banyak melibatkan postur yang tidak alamiah, manual handling, dan pekerjaan berulang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fisik, individu, dan psikososial yang berkaitan dengan keluhan gejala gangguan otot rangka. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2022 yang melibatkan 55 pekerja struktur dan finishing Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Perkantoran X di Bekasi Tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data diantaranya adalah Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), kombinasi kuesioner psikososial, dan Nordic Musculockeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara; faktor risiko fisik dengan keluhan pada bahu, leher dan punggung bawah dalam 12 bulan dan 7 hari terakhir, tuntutan kerja dengan keluhan pada punggung bawah dalam 7 hari terakhir, dan kendali terhadap kerja dengan keluhan pada leher dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengendalian dan intervensi lebih lanjut untuk mengurangi risiko keluhan gejala gangguan otot rangka pada pekerja struktur dan finishing.

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Musculosceletal Disorders (MSDs) are injuries of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs that can affect the movement of the human body or the musculoskeletal system. Workers in the construction industry have a high risk of MSDs because their work activities involve many unnatural postures, manual handling, and repetitive work. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical, individual, and psychosocial risk factors associated with complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms. This research was conducted in February – July 2022 involving 55 structural and finishing workers in the X Office Building Construction Project in Bekasi in 2022. This study used a cross sectional study design. The instruments for collected data are Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), a combination of psychosocial questionnaires, and the Nordic Musculockeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). The results of this study indicate a significant relationship between; physical risk factors with complaints on the shoulders, neck and lower back in the last 12 months and 7 days, work demands with complaints on the lower back in the last 7 days, and control of work with complaints on the neck in the last 12 months. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further control and intervention to reduce the risk of complaints of s musculoskeletal symptoms in structural and finishing workers."

"Forklift worker is one of the types of jobs that have a risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to individual factors, the environment, and jobs factors. This study was conducted to see a picture of the forklift worker`s jobs, determine the individual and environmental factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in forklift workers in PT X in 2013 and see a picture of an occupational hazard. This research is quantitative research using cross-sectional study design with questionnaires and REBA. The study states that the duration of work affects the subjective complaints of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk level forklift workers including mild to moderate. It necessary to supervise forklift workers working posture control, setting the duration of the work, socialization musculoskeletal disorders, the symptoms, the risk factors, the method of prevention, and a simple way of treatment.

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Pekerja forklift merupakan salah satu jenis pekerjaan yang memiliki risiko terkena musculoskeletal disorders karena faktor individu, lingkungan, dan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran pekerjaan forklift, faktor individu dan lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan musculoskeletal disorders pada pekerja forklift di PT X tahun 2013 dan melihat gambaran risiko pekerjaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan kuesioner dan tools REBA. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa lama kerja mempengaruhi keluhan subyektif musculoskeletal disorders dan tingkat risiko ergonomi pekerja forklift termasuk ringan hingga sedang. Sarannya, perlu dilakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian postur kerja pekerja forklift, pengaturan durasi kerja, sosialisasi terkait musculoskeletal disorders, gejala, faktor risiko, tindakan pencegahan, dan penanganan."

"Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi, kini pegawai dituntut untuk bekerja dan menghabiskan sebagian waktunya duduk fokus memandang komputer dan menggunakan mouse. Penggunaan komputer memiliki risiko ergonomic yang apabila dilakukan secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan salah satunya gangguan muskoloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara risiko ergonomi dengan gangguan muskoloskeletal pada pekerja kantoran di PT. X. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain studi cross sectional dengan menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa Nordic Body Map dan Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA). Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 48 pekerja kantoran di PT. X. Variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, tingkat risiko ergonomi, dan keluhan muskoloskeletal dengan analisis univariat, dan bivariat. Dari 48 responden didapatkan 39 orang mengalami keluhan muskoloskeletal dengan keluhan terbanyak ada pada bagian leher atas, punggung, dan pinggang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak adanya hubungan antara risiko ergonomi dengan usia, masa kerja dan jenis kelamin (p-value=1). Akan tetapi, terdapat hubungan yang berarti antara risiko ergonomic dengan gangguan muskoloskeletal (p-value=0,039).

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Along with the development of technology, employees are now required to work and spend some of their time sitting focused on looking at computers and using mouse. The use of computers has ergonomic risks which if done continuously can cause health problems, one of which is musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to analyze the relationship between ergonomic risks and musculoskeletal disorders in office workers at PT. X. The method used is a cross-sectional study design using research instruments in the form of Nordic Body Map and Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA). This research was conducted on 48 office workers at PT. X. The variables studied in this study were age, gender, length of service, level of ergonomic risk, and musculoskeletal complaints with univariate, and bivariate analysis. From 48 respondents, 39 people experienced musculoskeletal complaints with the most complaints in the upper neck, back, and waist. The results showed no relationship between ergonomic risk with age, length of service and gender (p-value = 1). However, there was a significant association between ergonomic risk and musculoskeletal disorders (p-value = 0.039)."

"[ABSTRAKProses kerja mekanik motor PT. X diduga berisiko terhadap gejala muskuloskeletal.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan gambaran tingkat risiko gejalamuskuloskeletal pada mekanik motor PT. X Jakarta dengan metode QEC, REBAdan NBM pada setiap tahap perawatan motor. Berdasarkan penilaian QEC,didapatkan hasil bahwa proses kerja mekanik motor harus diinvestigasi lebih lanjutdan dilakukan perubahan. Penilaian REBA menunjukkan tingkat risiko yang tinggi.Penilaian NBM menunjukkan punggung, pinggang, bahu kiri, dan lengan ataskanan (70%) menjadi anggota tubuh yang paling sering dikeluhan. Upayapengendalian yang telah dilakukan perusahaan adalah menyediakan hidrolik bagisetiap pekerja, namun pekerja tidak menggunakannya. Dengan adanya peraturankewajiban penggunaan hidrolik dan pengawasan pada setiap pekerja, tingkat risikogejala muskuloskeletal dapat diturunkan. Selain itu, upaya lain yang dapatdilakukan adalah merubah desain area kerja, mengganti peralatan kerja, danpelatihan ergonomi bagi pekerja.ABSTRACTThe working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletalsymptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletalsymptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBMmethods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, theresult showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigatedfurther and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBMassessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the mostcommon symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn?tuse it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic andsupervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station,substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers.;The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletalsymptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletalsymptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBMmethods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, theresult showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigatedfurther and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBMassessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the mostcommon symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn?tuse it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic andsupervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station,substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers.;The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletalsymptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletalsymptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBMmethods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, theresult showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigatedfurther and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBMassessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the mostcommon symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn?tuse it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic andsupervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station,substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers., The working process of motorcycle mechanics in PT. X has risk to musculoskeletalsymptoms. This research aims to describe the risk level of musculoskeletalsymptoms to motorcycle mechanics in PT. X Jakarta, using QEC, REBA, and NBMmethods in every process of motorcycle treatment. Based on QEC assessment, theresult showed working process of motorcycle mechanics should be investigatedfurther and changed soon. REBA assessment showed high risk level. NBMassessment showed back, waist, left shoulder, and right upper arm (70%) is the mostcommon symptoms. PT. X has provided hydraulic for each workers, but they didn’tuse it. PT. X shall make regulation to obligate workers using their hydraulic andsupervision to each workers. Then, other efforts are by redesigning work station,substituting work equipment, and training about ergonomic for workers.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat risiko ergonomi dan keluhan subjektif musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) pada operator di area trimming PT Bridgestone Tire Indonesia tahun 2012 dengan menggunakan metode penilaian BRIEF (Baseline Risk Identification of Ergonomic Factor) dan kuesioner NBM (Nordic Body Mac) yang telah dimodifikasi dan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh operator pada area trimming dan seluruh aktivitasnya yang berisiko terhadap bahaya ergonomi dan timbulnya keluhan subjektif musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada seluruh aktivitas kerja, baik pada area trimming bios mapun radial, memiliki tingkat risiko ergonomi sedang dan tinggi. Sedangkan hasil kuesioner musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) menunjukkan bahwa keluhan terbanyak terdapat pada bahu kanan (89.3%), leher bagian bawah (82.1%), pinggang (78.6%), dan pergelangan tangan kanan (71.4%).

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The purpose of this research is to know the level of risk and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaint of trimming area employees in PT Bridgestone Tire Indonesia 2012 using BRIEF (Baseline Risk Identification of Ergonomic Factors) method and modification of Nordic Body Map questionnaire. Total samples on this research is all the employees who felt musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaint and the activities that have an ergonomic risk.

The result of this research indicates that all of the activity, in the trimming bias or radial area, have a level of risk in medium and high category. Besides, NBM questionnaire result, indicate that the most of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaint is in right shoulder (89.3%), neck (82.1%), waist (78.6%), and right wrist (71.4%)."