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"Penelitian ini menganalisis kewenangan Bank Indonesia sebagai otoritas sistem pembayaran dalam pengembangan cek berbasis elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode doktrinal dengan mengkaji pengaturan dan penggunaan cek dalam sistem pembayaran di Indonesia serta peran Bank Indonesia dalam pengembangan instrumen pembayaran tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cek adalah instrumen pembayaran sah dengan perlindungan hukum yang diatur dalam berbagai regulasi. Namun, cek konvensional memiliki sejumlah kekurangan yang perlu diatasi. Bank Indonesia, sebagai otoritas strategis, berperan penting dalam pengembangan cek elektronik melalui penyediaan infrastruktur teknologi dan penerbitan regulasi yang memberikan kepastian hukum. Pengembangan cek berbasis elektronik dianggap sejalan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat modern yang menginginkan alat pembayaran lebih efisien, aman, dan cepat. Langkah ini tidak hanya mendukung transformasi digital dalam sistem pembayaran, tetapi juga memperkuat stabilitas ekonomi nasional. Peran aktif Bank Indonesia dalam mengembangkan cek elektronik diharapkan mampu menghadirkan solusi atas kelemahan cek konvensional sekaligus mendorong kemajuan sistem pembayaran nasional yang lebih adaptif terhadap perkembangan teknologi.

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This research examines Bank Indonesia's authority as the payment system management authority in developing electronic-based check payment instruments. Conducted using a doctrinal research method, the study focuses on two main aspects: the regulation and use of checks in Indonesia’s payment system and Bank Indonesia’s authority in advancing electronicbased checks. The findings reveal that checks are legal payment instruments within the national payment system, protected under relevant regulations. However, conventional checks possess several limitations that need to be addressed. Bank Indonesia, as the payment system authority, plays a crucial role in developing electronic-based checks to overcome these limitations. This involves building technological infrastructure and issuing regulations that ensure legal certainty in their implementation. The study also highlights that the development of electronic-based checks aligns with the evolving modern lifestyle and the public’s demand for payment instruments that are more efficient, secure, and fast. Bank Indonesia’s proactive efforts in promoting electronic checks and establishing the necessary regulatory framework are expected to enhance the national payment system while supporting economic stability. "

"Kelancaran sistem pembayaran memegang peran penting dalam perekonomian. Salah satu instrumen sistem pembayaran yang memiliki porsi terbesar adalah BI- RTGS. Karena itu,skripsi ini dibuat untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan sistem pembayaran di Indonesia, khususnya tanggung jawab bank umum terhadap nasabah dalam BI-RTGS dengan kaitannya terhadap kesiapan bank dalam menciptakan sistem pembayaran yang handal. Mengangkat masalah mengenai peran perbankan dalam sistem pembayaran menurut ketentuan perundang- undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia dan tanggung jawab hukum bank umum dalam aktifitas RTGS, menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa masih banyak bank umum yang belum melaksanakan tanggung jawab hukum dalam melakukan ganti kerugian kepada nasabah.

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The smooth operation of payment system is essential in economy. BI-RTGS is part of payment system that plays a big role in Indonesian economy. This study aim is to understand the implementation of payment system in Indonesia, particularly in bank?s responsibility in BI-RTGS and to understand Indonesian bank?s capability and readiness in creating a reliable payment system. This study discussed about bank?s role in payment system based on Indonesian Law and bank?s law responsibility in RTGS using literature method. This study found that many banks have not implementing the obligation about providing compensation yet, even though the obligation about compensation already assigned by law."

"ABSTRAKPerkembangan sistem pembayaran nontunai di Indonesia tidak didukung dengan infrastruktur yang efisien dan memadai. Hal ini tercermin dari keterbatasan interkoneksi dan interoperabilitas antar instrumen dan kanal pembayaran serta adanya pemrosesan transaksi domestik yang dilakukan di luar negeri sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan risiko keamanan. Maka dari itu, Bank Indonesia meluncurkan kebijakan Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan infrastruktur yang telah ada dan mengatur mekanisme teknis, bisnis dan kelembagaan yang menjadi landasan interkoneksi dan interoperabilitas industri sistem pembayaran ritel domestik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yaitu dengan menekankan pada penggunaan norma-norma hukum tertulis yang didukung dengan hasil wawancara narasumber. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional memberikan implikasi positif bagi sistem pembayaran dan perekonomian nasional serta pihak terkait dalam sistem pembayaran ritel domestik, kecuali prinsipal internasional yang justru berpotensi mengalami kerugian.

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ABSTRACTThe development of non cash payment system in Indonesia is not supported by efficient and adequate infrastructure. This conditions are reflected by the limitations of interconnection and interoperability between instruments and channels of payment. Furthermore, the presence of domestic transaction processing which conducted abroad potentially increases security risk. So, Bank Indonesia releases Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional National Payment Gateway to optimize existing infrastructures and regulate the techincal, business and institutional mechanisms underlying the interconnection and interoperability of the domestic retail payment industry.This research uses normative juridical method which emphasizes the use of written legal norms and it supported by the interviews with interviewees.The result of the study indicate that Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional National Payment Gateway has positive implications for the payment system and the national economic as well as the related parties in the domestic payment system, except for the global players that are potentially loss. "

"QR Indonesia Standard (QRIS) adalah standarisasi sistem pembayaran berbasis QR Code yang telah digunakan dan diimplementasikan oleh berbagai Penyelenggara Jasa Sistem Pembayaran (PJSP) di Indonesia. QRIS adalah merupakan bagian dari sistem Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional yang lebih luas. Ini telah dilaksanakan melalui PADG 21/18 / PADG / 2019 Bank Indonesia dan juga diatur melalui peraturan Bank Indonesia yaitu PBI 18/40 / PBI / 2016 tentang Pemrosesan Transaksi Pembayaran, PBI 19/8 / PBI / 2017 tentang National Payment Gateway dan PBI 20/6 / PBI / 2018 tentang Uang Elektronik. Tesis ini memiliki pertanyaan penelitian yaitu 1) Bagaimana implementasi Standar QR Indonesia sebagai sistem pembayaran di Indonesia? 2) Apa risiko dan implikasi penerapan QRIS dan bagaimana manajemen risiko QRIS ?. Tesis ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan peraturan yang tercantum dalam PADG 21/18 / PADG / 2019 serta peraturan Bank Indonesia tentang Penyelenggaraan Pemrosesan Transaksi Pembayaran, Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional dan Uang Elektronik, Bank Indonesia sebagai regulator dan pengawas untuk sistem pembayaran telah menerapkan langkah-langkah manajemen risiko serta menerapkan menetapkan peraturan mengenai persyaratan manajemen risiko untuk semua pihak yang terlibat dalam implementasi QRIS. Meskipun risiko QRIS dianggap tidak signifikan dan minimal, masih ada risiko yang terlibat dan oleh karena itu langkah-langkah dan peraturan manajemen risiko yang jelas masih diperlukan untuk sistempembayaran seperti QRIS. Itulah sebabnya penulis merekomendasikan bahwa semua pihak harus memiliki pendekatan dan tindakan yang lebih kuat dan lebih jelas untuk manajemen risiko.

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QR Indonesia Standard (QRIS) is the standardization of QR Code-based payment

systems already used and implemented by the various Payment System Providers

(PJSP) in Indonesia. QRIS is the result and is part of the wider National Payment

Gateway system. It has been implemented through Bank Indonesia’s PADG

21/18/PADG/2019 and is also regulated through Bank Indonesia’s regulations

which are PBI 18/40/PBI/2016 regarding Payment Transaction Processing, PBI

19/8/PBI/2017 regarding National Payment Gateway and PBI 20/6/PBI/2018

regarding Electronic Money. This thesis has the research question of 1) How is the

implementation of QR Indonesia Standard as a payment system in Indonesia?

2) What are the risks and implications of the implementation of QRIS and how is

the risk management of QRIS?. This thesis uses the normative juridical research

method. Based on the regulations stated in PADG 21/18/PADG/2019 as well the

Bank Indonesia regulations regarding Payment Transaction Processing, National

Payment Gateway and Electronic Money, Bank Indonesia as the regulator for the

payment system has both implemented risk management measures as well as

stipulating risk management requirements for all parties involved in the

implementation of QRIS. Despite the risks of QRIS being considered as

insignificant and minimal, there are still risks involved and therefore clear risk

management measures and regulations are still required for a standardized payment

system like QRIS. Which is why the author recommends that all parties must have

stronger and clearer approach and measures to risk management.

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"Kegagalan sistem pembayaran pada kasus wirecard terjadi akibat lemahnya pengaturan dan pengawasan terhadap Penyelenggara Fintech Sistem Pembayaran di Jerman. Sebagai penyelenggara fintech sistem pembayaran, yang tidak diawasi oleh Otoritas, Wirecard AG dapat menawarkan produk, layanan, teknologi maupun model bisnis mereka kepada Penyelenggara Jasa Sistem Pembayaran (PJSP). yang memegang peranan penting dalam proses pembayaran. Kegagalan sistem pembayaran dapat terjadi, jika Wirecard berhenti menyediakan layanan teknologinya ke banyak PJSP yang menjadi mitra kerjasamanya. Untuk itu, penelitian ini mencoba meninjau pengaturan dan pengawasan penyelenggara fintech sistem pembayaran di Jerman dan di Indonesia, bagaimana otoritas mengklasifikasikan penyelenggara fintech dalam regulasi sistem pembayaran di negaranya, apakah termasuk sebagai PJSP yang perlu diawasi ataukah hanya sebagai Penyelenggara Penunjang. Selain itu, apakah peraturan dan sistem pengawasan yang ada di Indonesia sudah cukup efektif memitigasi risiko kegagalan pada sistem pembayaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan perundangan-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan perizinan penyelenggara fintech sistem pembayaran di Indonesia lebih baik dibandingkan Jerman, karena sudah memiliki regulasi khusus yang mengatur perizinan dan mengawasi penyelenggara fintech, namun demikian ketentuan terkait penyelenggara sistem pembayaran di Indonesia masih tersebar dibanyak peraturan, sehingga disarankan untuk melakukan peyederhanaan peraturan dengan metode omnibus law. Adapun pengaturan dan pengawasan yang dilakukan Bank Indonesia sudah cukup efektif untuk memitigasi risiko kegagalan sistem pembayaran, namun kurang efektif dalam memproses perizinan yang berupa persetujuan pengembangan kegiatan, produk dan aktivitas baru jasa sistem pembayaran serta kerjasama dengan pihak lain. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan perubahan ketentuan, dimana persetujuan kerjasama dan pengembangan produk serta aktivitas baru yang bersifat sederhana dan tidak berisiko cukup dikenakan wajib lapor serta ditentukan batas waktu pemberian hasil keputusan.

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The failure of the payment system in the wirecard case occurred due to weak regulation and supervision of the fintech payment system companies in Germany. As a fintech payment system provider, which is not supervised by the Authority, Wirecard AG can offer their products, services, technology and business models to Payment System Service Providers. (PJSP). which plays an important role in the payment process. Payment system failures can occur, if Wirecard stops providing its technology services to the many PJSPs that are its partners. For this reason, this research tries to review the regulation and supervision of the fintech payment system providers in Germany and in Indonesia, how the authorities classify fintech providers in their payment system regulations, whether they are entered as PJSPs that need to be closely monitored or only as supporting providers. In addition, this study will analyze whether the existing regulations and supervisory systems in Indonesia are sufficiently effective in mitigating the risk of the payment system failure. This research uses normative legal research, with a statutory approach and a comparative approach. The results of the analysis show that the regulations for fintech payment system providers in Indonesia are better than Germany, because it already has special regulations that regulate licensing and supervise fintech providers. however, the provisions related to payment system operators in Indonesia are still scattered in many regulations, so it is advisable to simplify regulations using the omnibus law method. The regulation and supervision carried out by Bank Indonesia was effective enough to mitigate the risk of payment system failures, however, it was not effective enought in processing approvals for developing new payment system activities, products and services as well as collaborating with other parties. For this reason, it is necessary to change the provisions, in which cooperation agreements and product development as well as new activities that are simple and not sufficiently risky are subject to a mandatory report and a deadline for the issuance of the decision results."

"Dalam sistem pembayaran di dunia bisnis, perkembangan teknologi dan digitalisasi telah mempengaruhi alat pembayaran yang bersifat elektronik demi memfasilitasi kegiatan ekonomi masa kini. Skema pembayaran secara instan berfokus pada kecepatan, keamanan, dan inovasi. Sehingga dengan semua perubahannya, sistem pembayaran berbasis elektronik dapat membantu masyarakat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan lebih efisien dan efektif. Penulisan mengkaji konstruksi hukum dan arah pengembangan instrumen pembayaran cek dan bilyet giro berbasis elektronik, demi keberhasilan program pembangunan yang memiliki akibat baik yang dibuat untuk memiliki konsekuensi hukum serta perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat. Keberhasilan pengembangan cek dan bilyet giro berbasis elektronik perlu didukung lembaga negara yakni Bank Indonesia yang memiliki kewenangan regulasi untuk dapat memberikan kepastian hukum pada pelaksanaanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian doktrinal dengan pendekatan undang-undang, bahan pustaka serta didukung dengan wawancara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa cek dan bilyet giro dapat dibuat dalam bentuk elektronik dan dapat diterima sebagai alat bukti yang sah, serta memiliki perlindungan hukum dari undang-undang yang terkait. Disamping itu Bank Indonesia memiliki kewenangan untuk menerbitkan peraturan cek dan bilyet giro elektronik berupa Peraturan Bank Indonesia.

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In the business world, technological and digital advancements have influenced electronic payment tools to facilitate today's economic activities. The instant payment scheme focuses on speed, security, and innovation. So with all the changes, electronic payment systems can help people meet their needs more efficiently and effectively. This paper examine the legal construction and direction of the development of cheque payment instruments and electronic bilyet giro, with the aim of ensuring the success of development programs that yield positive outcomes and provide legal protection for the public. The Bank of Indonesia, a state institution with regulatory authority, must support the successful development of electronic checks and giro bills to ensure legal certainty in their implementation. This study employed the doctrinal research method, incorporating a legal approach, library materials, and interviews. The research concluded that electronic checks and bills can serve as valid proof and enjoy legal protection under relevant laws. In addition, the Bank of Indonesia has the authority to issue cheque regulations and electronic bilyet giro in the form of Peraturan Bank Indonesia."

"Payment Gateway merupakan layanan elektronik yang melakukan pemrosesan transaksi pembayaran yang dilakukan secara online dan/atau melalui platform E-Commerce. Penyelenggaraan Payment Gateway dilakukan oleh salah satu Penyelenggara Jasa Sistem Pembayaran (PJSP), yakni Penyelenggara Payment Gateway yang berupa bank atau lembaga selain bank. Penyelenggara Payment Gateway memiliki fungsi unntuk menyediakan jasa sistem pembayaran, serta mendukung kelancaran transaksi pembayaran antara konsumen dan pedagang yang melakukan transaksi pada platform E-Commerce. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, Penyelenggara Payment Gateway memiliki peran dan tanggung jawab yang harus dipenuhi dalam mendukung kelancaran dan keamanan sistem pembayaran dalam transaksi E-Commerce. Untuk melakukan pemrosesan transaksi pembayaran, Payment Gateway juga berhubungan dengan acquirer dan issuer. Payment Gateway merupakan front-end provider yang memiliki kewajiban untuk menerapkan perlindungan konsumen guna menghindari risiko-risiko yang berpotensi merugikan penggunanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, Payment Gateway telah melakukan berbagai upaya dalam memenuhi standar keamanan, serta melindungi konsumen dari potensi risiko atas penyelenggaraan Payment Gateway. Namun, peraturan-peranturan yang ada saat ini, tidak mengatur mengenai penyelenggaraan Payment Gateway dalam mendukung transaksi E-Commerce. Dengan demikian, Pemerintah dan Bank Indonesia perlu mempertimbangkan untuk menerbitkan peraturan yang mengatur mengenai hal tersebut.

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Payment Gateway is an electronic service that processes payment transactions made online and/or through the E-Commerce platform. The operation of Payment Gateway is carried out by a Payment System Provider, namely a Payment Gateway Provider. Payment Gateway Provider conducts its functions in providing payment system services, also in supporting smooth and secure payment transactions between Consumers and Merchants in the E-Commerce platform. According to this research, Payment Gateway Provider has numerous roles and obligations that must be fulfilled in performing its functions. In processing payment transactions, the Payment Gateway Provider is cooperating with the acquirer and the issuer. Payment Gateway Provider is a front-end provider obliged to implement consumer protection to prevent potential risks that could harm its Consumer or users. The result of this research indicates, Payment Gateway Provider has taken several measures to fulfil and comply with the provision of security standards, also to protect its Consumers from potential risks arising from Payment Gateway operation. However, the existing regulations are not regulating the roles of Payment Gateway Provider in supporting payment systems in E-Commerce transactions. Thus, the Government and Bank Indonesia need to consider issuing regulations on regards to this matter, also in order to provide legal certainty."

"Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang adalah suatu masa yang diberikan oleh undang-undang melalui putusan hakim Pengadilan Niaga dimana dalam masa tersebut kepada pihak kreditor dan debitor diberikan kesempatan untuk memusyawarahkan cara-cara pembayaran utangnya dengan memberikan rencana pembayaran seluruh atau sebagian dari utangnya, termasuk apabila perlu untuk merestrukturisasi utangnya tersebut. Permasalahan dalam tesis ini adalah Penggugat yang membuat gugatan wanprestasi terhadap pemberi fasilitas Kredit Pemilikan Rumah karena sertifikat rumahnya yang tidak kunjung diberikan setelah lunasnya pembayaran Kredit Pemilikan Rumah tersebut. Akan tetapi, gugatan tersebut tidak diterima karena telah adanya putusan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang yang telah berakhir dengan perjanjian perdamaian (homologasi). Untuk menjawab permasalahan dalam tesis ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dan data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Untuk pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penelitian kepustakaan. Alasan majelis hakim memutuskan tidak menerima gugatan tersebut dikarenakan telah adanya putusan perjanjian perdamaian (homologasi) Nomor 118/Pdt.Sus/PKPU/2018/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. Berdasarkan Pasal 288 Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004, rencana perdamaian (homologasi) yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap telah menggantikan perjanjian yang lama.

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Suspension of Paymentt is a period given by law through a decision of the Commercial Court judge during which time the creditors and debtors are given the opportunity to deliberate on ways of paying their debts by providing a plan to pay all or part of their debts, including if necessary to restructuring the debt. The problem in this thesis is that the Plaintiff made a default suit against the provider of the Home Ownership Credit facility because the house certificate was not issued after the payment of the Mortgage was paid. However, the lawsuit was not accepted because there was a decision on Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations which ended in a peace agreement (homologation). To answer the problems in this thesis using normative legal research and secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. For data collection, it is done by using library research. The reason the panel of judges decided not to accept the lawsuit was due to the decision of the peace agreement (homologation) Number 118 / Pdt.Sus / PKPU / 2018 / PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. Based on Article 288 of Law Number 37 Year 2004, the peace plan (homologation) which has legal force has replaced the old agreement."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai efektivitas peraturan kewajiban penggunaan L/C sebagai instrumen cara pembayaran untuk ekspor batubara yang dilatarbelakangi dengan keluarnya peraturan Menteri Pedagangan No. 04/MDAG/PER/1/2015 yang mulai berlaku pada bulan April 2015. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui latar belakang dikeluarkannya peraturan kewajiban penggunaan L/C sebagai instrumen cara pembayaran untuk ekspor khususnya batubara, akibat hukum dan sanksi peraturan tersebut, dan apakah dengan diterapkannya peraturan kewajiban penggunaan L/C tersebut telah efektif dalam arti telah ditaati oleh para eksportir batubara dan telah mencapai tujuan peraturan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan tipologi penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar eksportir batubara telah menggunakan L/C dalam kegiatan ekspornya namun tujuan dari peraturan tersebut belum dapat tercapai secara maksimal karena tanpa dibatasinya jenis L/C yang dapat digunakan sebagai cara pembayaran ekspor terutama jenis transferable L/C, masih dimungkinkan bagi eksportir untuk menempatkan devisa hasil ekspor di negara lain.ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.;This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.;This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.;This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries., This thesis discusses the effectiveness of the regulatory obligation to use the L/C as a method of payment instrument for the export of coal which based on the background of the issuance of the regulations of the Minister of Trade No. 04 / M-DAG / PER / 1/2015 which came into force in April 2015. The objectives of this thesis is to find out the background of the issuance of regulatory obligation to use the L/C as an instrument method of payment for exports, especially coal, due to the legal and regulatory sanctions, and whether to the implementation of regulatory obligation to use the L/C has been effective in the sense that has been complied with by the coal exporters and has achieved the purpose of the regulation. The method used in this research is normative juridical with typology qualitative descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The results found out that most coal exporters have used the L/C in export activities but these regulation has not been able to achieve its purpose effectively because without limiting the type of L/C which can be used as a method of payment instrument for export, particularly transferable L/C, it is still possible for exporters to put foreign exchange from export proceeds in other countries.]"

"Sistem pembayaran elektronik merupakan inovasi dari sistem pembayaran. Melakukan pembayaran elektronik dapat memungkinkan timbulnya risiko dalam proses transaksi. Untuk menghindari suatu risiko, maka diperlukan suatu pedoman untuk menghindari risiko tersebut. Manajemen risiko bertujuan untuk mengelola risiko sehingga organisasi dengan sengaja mengambil risiko tertentu, karena mereka melihat potensi manfaat di balik bertahan, atau mengoptimalkan risiko. Dalam rangka menciptakan sistem pembayaran elektronik yang efektif dan efisien, Bank Indonesia juga mencantumkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 22/23/PBI Tahun 2020 tentang Sistem Pembayaran dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 23/6/PBI Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggara Jasa Pembayaran tentang Manajemen Risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketentuan hukum dan regulasi mengenai manajemen risiko pada sistem pembayaran elektronik di Indonesia dan mengetahui penerapan manajemen risiko yang muncul pada sistem pembayaran elektronik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan bahan pustaka atau data sekunder. Metode analisis data yang dilakukan penulis adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, pertama, perusahaan Fintech sebagai penyedia layanan pembayaran berusaha untuk mematuhi peraturan yang ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia dan melaksanakannya. Kedua, Perusahaan Fintech X sebagai salah satu penyedia jasa pembayaran telah melakukan prosedur manajemen risiko yang telah ditetapkan oleh Bank Indonesia dalam Peraturan Bank Indonesia, baik penanganan risiko yang terjadi secara internal maupun eksternal perusahaan. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah Badan Supervisi Bank Indonesia selaku pengawas Bank di Indonesia agar dapat meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap kinerja Bank di Indonesia dalam menerapkan manajemen risiko dalam penerapan finansial teknologi.

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The electronic payment system is an innovation from the payment system. Carrying out electronic payments can allow the emergence of a risk in the transaction process. To avoid a risk, it requires a guideline to avoid that risk. Risk management aims to manage risk so that organizations deliberately take certain risks, because they see the potential benefits behind surviving, or optimizing risks. In order to create an effective and efficient electronic payment system, Bank Indonesia also includes Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 22/23/PBI of 2020 concerning Payment Systems and Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 23/6/PBI of 2021 concerning Payment Service Providers regarding risk management. This thesis research aims to find out the legal and regulatory provisions regarding risk management in electronic payment systems in Indonesia and determine the application of risk management that arise in electronic payment systems in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical research method is library law research which is accomplished through the examination of library materials or secondary data. A data analysis method that is carried out by the author is a qualitative method. The result of this research is, first, Fintech companies as payment service providers strive to comply with the regulations set by Bank Indonesia and implement them. Second, Fintech Company X, as one of the payment service providers, has carried out risk management procedures that have been stipulated by Bank Indonesia in Bank Indonesia Regulations, both the handling of risks that occur internally or externally to the company. Suggestion of the research is The Supervisory Board of Bank Indonesia as supervisor of Bank Indonesia can improve supervision on the performance of Bank Indonesia in implementing risk management in the implementation of financial technology."