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Lucas Nurcahyo

Studi eksperimental toksisitas pajanan toluena pada serebelum tikus = Experimental study of toxicity with toluene exposure in rat cerebellum

"Latar belakang : Toluena merupakan zat pelarut sering digunakan di berbagai industri seperti dalam pembuatan cat, lem dan lainnya. Toluena mempunyai sifat lipofilik dan memberikan efek toksik ke beberapa organ seperti sistem saraf pusat. Pada tahap biomolekuler, toluena merubah struktur lipid pada membran sel, sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar MDA plasma dan jaringan. Pada Sistem Saraf Pusat, toluena bisa melewati sawar otak dan menyebabkan gangguan pada serebelum otak sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar MDA serta terjadi perubahan struktur pada dinding sel astrosit.

Metode : Untuk mengetahui efek pajanan toluena selama 14 hari dengan dosis dibawah nilai ambang pada organ serebelum otak, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar MDA serebelum otak, serta kerusakan dari sel Astrosit, menggunakan lima kelompok tikus jenis Wistar jantan dengan pajanan sebesar 1,6 ml; 3,2 ml; 6,4 ml; 12,8 ml; dan kelompok kontrol tanpa pajanan.

Hasil: Analisis uji nilai kadar MDA serebelum otak menggunakan One Way Anova dengan hasil tidak ada perbedaan rerata (p=0.133) antar kelompok pajanan dengan kelompok kontrol, dan analisis jumlah sel Astrosit dengan menggunakan One Way Anova didapatkan (p=0,310) dengan hasil tidak ada perbedaan antar kelompok pajanan.

Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan rerata pada kelompok pajanan pada nilai MDA serebelum Otak maupun jumlah Sel Astrosit yang terpajan toluena dengan dosis dibawah nilai ambang.

Backgrounds : Toluene is a solvent commonly used in various industries such as in the manufacture of paint, glue and others. Toluene has lipophilic properties and toxic effects to some organs such as the central nervous system. At this stage of biomolecular, toluene alters the structure of the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in an increased of plasma and tissue levels of MDA. In the Central Nervous System, toluene can cross the blood brain barrier and cause a disruption in the cerebellum of the brain, thereby increasing the levels of MDA and structural changes in the structure of astrocytes’ cells.
Methods : To determine the effect of toluene exposure for 14 days at doses below the threshold value on the organ brain cerebellum and cerebellar MDA examination of the brain, as well as causing damage to Astrocytes cells, using five groups of male Wistar rats with four types of exposure of 1.6 ml; 3.2 ml; 6.4 ml; 12.8 ml; and a control group without exposure.
Results : MDA value analysis test brain cerebellum using One Way Anova showed no significance mean difference (p = 0.133) between the exposed group and the control group. From the analysis of the number of cells Astrocytes using One Way Anova that obtained (p = 0.310) with no difference in outcomes among exposed groups.
Conclusion : There was no significance difference in the group mean exposure to MDA values and the number of cells of the cerebellum Brain Astrocytes exposed to toluene at a dose below the threshold value."

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014

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Puspita Sampekalo

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku merokok pada pekerja perusahaan konstruksi : Sebuah studi kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi = A qualitative study with phenomenology approach in factors that affecting smoking behaviour among workers in construction company

"[ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi dari fenomena perilaku merokok pada pekerja konstruksi di kantor pusat Jakarta dan dermaga pelabuhan Tanjung Priok menggunakan teori Health Belief Model. Informan di pilih yang merokok, pernah mencoba berhenti merokok dan mantan perokok. Saturasi data dicapai pada pertemuan manajemen 2 kali dan buruh 4 kali melalui diskusi kelompok terfokus dan wawancara mendalam pada 33 orang. Data direkam dan dianalisa secara induktif serta validitas menggunakan metode triangulasi. Enam tema sentral meliputi faktor modifikasi, persepsi kerentanan dan keparahan sakit akibat rokok, persepsi hambatan, persepsi manfaat dan self efficacy. Mantan perokok pada manajemen mampu menolak rokok disebabkan (1) kuatnya dukungan keluarga; (2) merasakan sendiri ancaman sakit akibat rokok; (3) tingginya self efficacy. Informan buruh yang merokok tidak pernah berpikir menolak rokok karena (1) rendahnya persepsi ancaman sakit akibat rokok karena baru saja merasakan nikmatnya rokok; (2) rendahnya pengawasan perusahaan. Perokok yang pernah mencoba berhenti merokok dan akhirnya gagal disebabkan tingginya persepsi hambatan. Role model akan berpengaruh pada suatu kelompok jika memiliki kesamaan kelas sosial. Penerapan reward lebih bermanfaat dibandingkan punishment. Institusi pendidikan dapat berperan pada faktor modifikasi melalui promosi kesehatan dan preventif.

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to obtain information from phenomenon smoking behavior of construction workers in central office at Jakarta and Tanjung Priok harbor using Health Belief Model theory. Informants selected were current smokers, smokers who have tried quitting, and former smokers. Data saturation was obtained on two-times management meeting and four-times labor focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in 33 people. Data were recorded and analyzed inductively and validated using triangulation method. Six central themes including modification factors, perceptions of vulnerability and severity of illness because of smoking, perceived barriers, perceived benefits and self efficacy. Former smokers from the management group was able to refuse due to (1) good family support; (2) self perceiveness of illness due to tobacco menace; (3) high self-efficacy. Labor who smoke never thought of quitting because (1) low perception of illness due to tobacco because of ?feel good? sensation; (2) lack of company supervision. Smokers who had tried to quit smoking and ultimately were usually failed because of high perceived barriers. Role model will have an effect with similar social classes. Implementation of reward was more helpful than punishment. Educational institutions can play role in the modification factor through health promotions and preventives. ;This study was aimed to obtain information from phenomenon smoking behavior of construction workers in central office at Jakarta and Tanjung Priok harbor using Health Belief Model theory. Informants selected were current smokers, smokers who have tried quitting, and former smokers. Data saturation was obtained on two-times management meeting and four-times labor focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in 33 people. Data were recorded and analyzed inductively and validated using triangulation method. Six central themes including modification factors, perceptions of vulnerability and severity of illness because of smoking, perceived barriers, perceived benefits and self efficacy. Former smokers from the management group was able to refuse due to (1) good family support; (2) self perceiveness of illness due to tobacco menace; (3) high self-efficacy. Labor who smoke never thought of quitting because (1) low perception of illness due to tobacco because of ?feel good? sensation; (2) lack of company supervision. Smokers who had tried to quit smoking and ultimately were usually failed because of high perceived barriers. Role model will have an effect with similar social classes. Implementation of reward was more helpful than punishment. Educational institutions can play role in the modification factor through health promotions and preventives. , This study was aimed to obtain information from phenomenon smoking behavior of construction workers in central office at Jakarta and Tanjung Priok harbor using Health Belief Model theory. Informants selected were current smokers, smokers who have tried quitting, and former smokers. Data saturation was obtained on two-times management meeting and four-times labor focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in 33 people. Data were recorded and analyzed inductively and validated using triangulation method. Six central themes including modification factors, perceptions of vulnerability and severity of illness because of smoking, perceived barriers, perceived benefits and self efficacy. Former smokers from the management group was able to refuse due to (1) good family support; (2) self perceiveness of illness due to tobacco menace; (3) high self-efficacy. Labor who smoke never thought of quitting because (1) low perception of illness due to tobacco because of ”feel good” sensation; (2) lack of company supervision. Smokers who had tried to quit smoking and ultimately were usually failed because of high perceived barriers. Role model will have an effect with similar social classes. Implementation of reward was more helpful than punishment. Educational institutions can play role in the modification factor through health promotions and preventives. ]"

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015

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UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Puti Dwi Ginanti

Peran Locus of Control terhadap kejadian stres kerja = The role of Locus of Control in incidence of occupational stress

"[ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan antara locus of control dengan kejadian stres kerja, serta peran faktor risiko stres lainnya terhadap kejadian stres kerja.Penelitian dilakukan di instansi pemerintahan bidang pengawasan keuangan dengan subjek penelitian 150 pekerja. Penelitian berlangsung November sampai Desember 2014. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kuesioner Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS), Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), Work Locus of Control dan pengukuran Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Stres kerja ditentukan dari hasil penggabungan SRQ-20, HRV dan SDS. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk variabel bebas. Analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square untuk menetapkan variable bebas dengan kandidat yang ditentukan pada uji multivariate berdasarkan nilai p < 0.25. Faktor determinan berdasarkan korelasi antar variable bebas dengan stres kerja didapatkan dengan analisis regresi logistik ganda.Distribusi responden locus of control internal sebanyak 39,3% dan eksternal 60,7%. Risiko LoC eksternal dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres kerja lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan LoC internal (RR = 0,950; p = 0,459). Data tingkat stres kerja menunjukkan 72,7% responden tidak terdapat stres kerja. Tingkat pendidikan ditemukan sebagai faktor determinan kejadian stres kerja (RR = 1,504; p 0,000). Locus of control tidak berperan banyak dalam terjadinya stres kerja di instansi pemerintahan bidang pengawasan keuangan. Tingkat pendidikan mempunyai hubungan bermakna dalam menentukan stres kerja, dimana tingkat pendidikan tinggi memiliki korelasi dengan tingkat stres yang rendah.

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed to determine the relationship between LoC and incidence of occupational stress, as well as examine the relationship of other stress risk factors with the incidence of occupational stress. This research was conducted during November-December 2014 in a government financial institution with 150 workers as research subjects. The research was using Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS), Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), Work Locus of Control and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurement. Occupational stress was determined by combination of SRQ-20, HRV and SDS. Univariate analysis was performed for independent variables. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square test was done to determine independent variables with the defined candidates in the multivariate analysis based on p < 0.25. Determinant factors based on the correlation between the independent variables with occupational stress were obtained by using multiple logistic regression analysis. The LoC respondents distribution was 39.3% in the internal group and 60.7% in the external group. The result also showed that the risk for external LOC group is higher for incidence of occupational stress when compared to internal LOC group (RR = 0.950; p = 0.459). Occupational stress level data showed 72.7% of respondents did not have occupational stress. Level of education was found to be the sole determinant factor of occupational stress (RR = 1.504; p = 0.000).LoC did not have a significant role in the onset of occupational stress in government financial institution. Level of education has a significant correlation with occupational stress, where high level of education is associated with low level of occupational stress., Introduction: Occupational stress can be caused by many factors, from external as well as from internal

perspectives. In dealing with occupational stress, LoC is an individual characteristic that could serve as determining

factor for occupational stress.

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between LoC and incidence of occupational stress, as well

as examine the relationship of other stress risk factors with the incidence of occupational stress.

Methods: This research was conducted during November-December 2014 in a government financial institution with

150 workers as research subjects. The research was using Survey Diagnostic Stress (SDS), Self Reporting

Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20), Work Locus of Control and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measurement. Occupational

stress was determined by combination of SRQ-20, HRV and SDS. Univariate analysis was performed for

independent variables. Bivariate analysis using Chi-square test was done to determine independent variables with

the defined candidates in the multivariate analysis based on p < 0.25. Determinant factors based on the correlation

between the independent variables with occupational stress were obtained by using multiple logistic regression

analysis.

Results and Discussions: The LoC respondents distribution was 39.3% in the internal group and 60.7% in the

external group. The result also showed that the risk for external LOC group is higher for incidence of occupational

stress when compared to internal LOC group (RR = 0.950; p = 0.459). Occupational stress level data showed 72.7%

of respondents did not have occupational stress. Level of education was found to be the sole determinant factor of

occupational stress (RR = 1.504; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: LoC did not have a significant role in the onset of occupational stress in government financial

institution. Level of education has a significant correlation with occupational stress, where high level of education is associated with low level of occupational stress. ]"

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015

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UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Hindiyati Nuriah

Faktor risiko kecacatan anatomi pada kasus kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo = Risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases managed in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangkunkusumo

"[ABSTRAK

Angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia masih menempati urutan tertinggi untuk wilayah Asia Tenggara. Berdasarkan data kasus kecelakaan yang ditangani di IGD Rumah sakit Dr.Cipto Mangunkusmo pada bulan Juli sampai September 2012 terdapat 12,6 % kasus kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kecacatan antomi pada kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di RSUPN dr.Cipto mangunkusumo. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang komparatif dengan sampel penelitian pasien kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di IGD RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Sebanyak 173 sampel dari rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria. Didapatkan 57,2% pasien kecelakaam kerja mengalami kecacatan anatomi. faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, status pernikahan, jenis kecelakaan, kecepatan transportasi tidak memiliki hubungan bermakna secara statistik. Faktor determinan kecacatan anatomi pada kecelakaan kerja adalah tidak mendapat tindakan P3K segera (p= 0,04; RRsuaian = 1,57; CI 95% : 1,01 - 2,44) setelah dilakukan adjusment terhadap jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dan status pernikahan.

ABSTRACT

Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status.;Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status., Occupational accident in indonesia is highest in Southeast Asia. Based on data that were menage in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo there is 12,6% occupational accidents. This study aims to determine risk factors of anatomical impairment in occupational accident cases that were managed in RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo. The study design is a cross-sectional comparative which includes patients who underwent medical care in the emergency room RSUPN Dr.Cipto Mangunkusomo due to occupational accidents. A total of 173 samples of medical records meet the criteria. This study found 57.2% of occupational accident have anatomical impairment. Risk factors of age, gender, educational level, marital status, types of accident and speed of transport used at the time of incidence apparently does not have a statistically significant relationship. Determinant factors for anatomical impairment in occupational accidents are first aid performed (p = 0.04; adjusted RR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01-2.44) after adjustment for gender, occupation dan marital status.]"

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015

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UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Astri Mulyantini

Perbedaan rerata waktu kembali bekerja antara pekerja sektor ekonomi formal dengan informal dan faktor lainnya yang mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja : Studi di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo 2013 - 2014 = Mean differences of return to work time between formal and informal workers and other factors with antaomical impairment due to occupational accident : A study in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo 2013 - 2014

"[ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Pasca mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja, waktu yang dibutuhkan pekerja untuk kembali bekerja bervariasi, dengan berbagai faktor risiko yang berperan terhadap waktu kembali bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan waktu kembali bekerja antara pekerja sektor ekonomi formal dengan informal dan faktor lainnya.

Metodologi: Penelitian retrospektif, dengan sampel pekerja yang mengalami cacat anatomi akibat kecelakaan kerja yang ditangani di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, periode 1 Januari 2013 - 31 Desember 2014. Klasifikasi kecelakaan, tindakan medis, penyakit penyerta serta pembiayaan diperoleh melalui rekam medik. Sosiodemografi, sektor pekerjaan, masa kerja, waktu kembali bekerja diperoleh dari kuesioner. Analisa korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan usia, masa kerja dengan waktu kembali bekerja. Pada faktor risiko juga dilakukan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji-t tidak berpasangan dan ANOVA. Faktor risiko yang memiliki (p<0,25) dilakukan analisa multivariat dengan regresi berganda.

Hasil : Diperoleh 61 subyek, mayoritas pria (95,1%), berpendidikan dasar-menengah (85,2%), tidak mendapat jaminan pembiayaan (57,4%), cacat anatomi pada ekstremitas atas (85,2%), melakukan kontrol luka (88,5%), mendapat tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup (91,8%), tanpa penyakit penyerta (88,5%). Sebanyak 33 (54,1%) subyek adalah pekerja sektor ekonomi formal. Waktu kembali bekerja pada pekerja sektor ekonomi formal lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pekerja sektor ekonomi informal dengan rata-rata perbedaan waktu 9 hari (p<0,01). Tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup mengurangi waktu kembali bekerja selama rata-rata 11 hari (p<0,01).

Kesimpulan: Sektor ekonomi adalah determinan utama waktu kembali bekerja. Pekerja sektor formal mempunyai rerata waktu kembali bekerja lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pekerja informal, kemungkinan berkaitan dengan sosio-ekonomi dan akses pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai pada pekerja sektor formal. Tindakan bedah amputasi tertutup mengurangi waktu kembali bekerja secara signifkan.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Return to work time for workers with anatomical impairment due to occupational accident is varied as there are many risk factors associated with it. This study aimed to compare the mean differences return to work time between formal and informal workers and other factors.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study, using sample of workers with anatomical impairment due to occupational accident who received medical care at the Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, during the period of 1st January 2013 - 31st December 2014. Accident classification, medical procedure, healhtcare coverage, other accompanying health conditions were obtained from the medical records. Sosiodemography, working sector, working period, return to work time were obtained through a questionnaire. Correlation analysis was performed to observe the relationship between age, working period with the return to work time. Bivariate analysis was also performed by using unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Multivariate analysis using multiple regression was then performed in risk factors known to have (p < 0,25).

Results : Sixty-one subjects were obtained consisted of male (95.1%), with basic and intermediate educational level (85.2%), did not possesed healthcare coverage (57,4%), had upper extremities anatomical impairment (85.2%), received wound control care (88.5%), underwent closed amputation procedure (91.8%), and did not have other accompanying health conditions (88.5%). Thirty-three (54.1%) subjects were categorized in a formal working group. Formal workers had a significantly shorter mean return to work time compared to informal workers with mean differences of 9 days (p< 0,01). Closed amputation procedure reduced 11 days of return to work time (p< 0,01).

Conclusion: Working sector was the main determinant for the return to work time. The formal workers had a significantly shorter return to work time compared to the informal workers, which might be associated with better socioeconomical status and access of healthcare. In addition, closed amputation procedure significantly reduced the return to work time., Introduction: Return to work time for workers with anatomical impairment due

to occupational accident is varied as there are many risk factors associated with

it. This study aimed to compare the mean differences return to work time

between formal and informal workers and other factors.

Methods: This study was a retrospective study, using sample of workers with

anatomical impairment due to occupational accident who received medical care at

the Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, during the period of 1

vii

January 2013 - 31

December 2014. Accident classification, medical procedure, healhtcare coverage,

other accompanying health conditions were obtained from the medical records.

Sosiodemography, working sector, working period, return to work time were

obtained through a questionnaire. Correlation analysis was performed to observe

the relationship between age, working period with the return to work time.

Bivariate analysis was also performed by using unpaired t-test and ANOVA.

Multivariate analysis using multiple regression was then performed in risk factors

known to have (p < 0,25).

Results : Sixty-one subjects were obtained consisted of male (95.1%), with basic

and intermediate educational level (85.2%), did not possesed healthcare coverage

(57,4%), had upper extremities anatomical impairment (85.2%), received wound

control care (88.5%), underwent closed amputation procedure (91.8%), and did

not have other accompanying health conditions (88.5%). Thirty-three (54.1%)

subjects were categorized in a formal working group. Formal workers had a

significantly shorter mean return to work time compared to informal workers with

mean differences of 9 days (p< 0,01). Closed amputation procedure reduced 11

days of return to work time (p< 0,01).

Conclusion: Working sector was the main determinant for the return to work

time. The formal workers had a significantly shorter return to work time

compared to the informal workers, which might be associated with better

socioeconomical status and access of healthcare. In addition, closed amputation procedure significantly reduced the return to work time.]"

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015

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UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Sitti Balkis

Uji kesesuaian metode ceklis Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) dan metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) dalam skrining Upper Extremities Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders = Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) and Rapid Upper Limb (RULA) goodness of fit in screening Upper Extremities Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

"[Latar Belakang. Deteksi dini risiko pajanan ergonomi di tempat kerja

menggunakan instrumen skrining merupakan salah satu cara cepat dan mudah

yang dapat dilakukan. Instrumen RULA dan ceklis OCRA merupakan metode

penilaian semi-kuantitatif yang cukup banyak digunakan namun belum diketahui

penerapannya pada sektor informal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui

kesesuaian hasil penilaian menggunakan instrumen OCRA dengan RULA untuk

skrining UE-WMSDs pada kelompok pekerja pengrajin logam informal.

Metode. Penelitian menggunakan disain potong lintang terhadap pengrajin logam

informal Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor. Penilaian dilakukan dengan mengamati

aktivitas subyek selama delapan jam kerja per hari pada 17 bagian kerja kemudian

memberikan skor berdasarkan lembar ceklis. Hasil total skor dikategorikan

menjadi acceptable ( OCRA: ≤ 7,5; RULA: ≤ 2) dan berisiko (OCRA: ≥ 7,6;

RULA ≥ 3).

Hasil. Pada total subyek pekerja 78 orang didapatkan 52/78 (74,3%) subyek

berisiko untuk tangan kanan dan 15/78 (34,9%) subyek untuk tangan kiri pada

kedua metode. Berdasarkan tugas kerja didapatkan 13/17 bagian berisiko untuk

kanan dan 6/17 kiri. Perbedaan hasil OCRA dan RULA terutama pada bagian

bubut dan pemotongan (manual dan semi-automatis).Secara umum instrumen

RULA menilai lebih banyak risiko UE-WMSDs dibandingkan OCRA dengan

kesesuaian dari kedua metode ini rendah pada kedua ekstremitas (kappa (kanan):

0,07; kappa (kiri): 0,17).

Simpulan dan Saran. Metode RULA lebih dianjurkan sebagai instrumen

skrining UE-WMSDs pada pekerja logam informal. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap instrumen skrining lain dan penilaian keseluruhan proses kerja untuk penentuan metode yang paling sesuai. ;Background. The use of screening instrument is considered as effective methods for

early detection of ergonomic risk exposure at workplace. RULA and OCRA-checklists

are semi-quantitative assessment methods that have been widely used, but not widely

applied particularly in the informal sector. This study determines the goodness of fit of

OCRA-checklists compared with RULA for screening UE-WMSDs on metalworkers

informal groups.

Method. This study used a cross-sectional design involving informal metalworkers

groups in Citeureup-Bogor . Subjects? assessments being done by observing eight-houractivity

per

day

for

each

subjects

workstation

and

scoring

checklist

sheets.

Total

score

results

were

categorized

into acceptable (OCRA: ≤ 7.5; RULA: ≤ 2) and high risk

(OCRA: ≥ 7.6; RULA ≥ 3).

Result. A total of 78 subjects, both methods showed 52/78(74.3%) subjects were at risk

for right hand and 15/78 (34.9%) subjects for left hand. Based on job task, 13/17 jobs

were high risk for the right and 6/17 for the left hand. There were result difference

between OCRA and RULA instruments especially for lathe and cutting (manual and

semi-automatic) jobs. Generally, RULA instrument assess more risks factors than OCRAchecklist

so that goodness of fit was low for both extremities (kappa score right: 0.07;

left: 0.17).

Conclusion and Recommendation. RULA method is more recommended as UEWMSDs

screening

instrument

for

informal metalworkers groups. Further research using

other type of screening instruments and overall tasks assessment is necessary to find most appropriate method. , Background. The use of screening instrument is considered as effective methods for

early detection of ergonomic risk exposure at workplace. RULA and OCRA-checklists

are semi-quantitative assessment methods that have been widely used, but not widely

applied particularly in the informal sector. This study determines the goodness of fit of

OCRA-checklists compared with RULA for screening UE-WMSDs on metalworkers

informal groups.

Method. This study used a cross-sectional design involving informal metalworkers

groups in Citeureup-Bogor . Subjects’ assessments being done by observing eight-houractivity

per

day

for

each

subjects

workstation

and

scoring

checklist

sheets.

Total

score

results

were

categorized

into acceptable (OCRA: ≤ 7.5; RULA: ≤ 2) and high risk

(OCRA: ≥ 7.6; RULA ≥ 3).

Result. A total of 78 subjects, both methods showed 52/78(74.3%) subjects were at risk

for right hand and 15/78 (34.9%) subjects for left hand. Based on job task, 13/17 jobs

were high risk for the right and 6/17 for the left hand. There were result difference

between OCRA and RULA instruments especially for lathe and cutting (manual and

semi-automatic) jobs. Generally, RULA instrument assess more risks factors than OCRAchecklist

so that goodness of fit was low for both extremities (kappa score right: 0.07;

left: 0.17).

Conclusion and Recommendation. RULA method is more recommended as UEWMSDs

screening

instrument

for

informal metalworkers groups. Further research using

other type of screening instruments and overall tasks assessment is necessary to find most appropriate method. ]"

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015

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UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Permata Indah Novitarini

Risiko timbulnya eye strain pada dokter radiologi studi kohort di Fakultas Kedokteran = Risk factor contributing to eye strain among radiology residents a kohort study in Faculty of Medicine

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian eye strain pada dokter radiolog seperti jumlah interpretasi radiologis metode interpretasi radiologis PACS atau foto polos usia kelainan refraksi cara kerja dan desain perangkat kerja terhadap timbulnya eye strain Data dikumpulkan dengan cara anamnesis mengenai identitas umum pemeriksaan ketajaman penglihatan dengan Snellen chart dan penilaian derajat nyeri di sekitar mata menggunakan visual analoq scale yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan sebelumnya berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis mata Pemeriksaan ketajaman penglihatan dilakukan oleh peneliti menggunakan kartu Snellen pada jarak 6 meter dengan pencahayaan yang optimal di ruang perpustakaan Departemen Radiologi RSCM Derajat nyeri di sekitar mata dinilai menggunakan visual analoq scale Pemeriksaan tersebut dilakukan sebelum melakukan aktivitas dan 6 jam setelahnya Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 11 5 untuk analisis univariat menghitung risiko relatif dan analisis multivariat Penelitian ini telah lulus kaji etik oleh Komite Etik FKUI RSCM No 419 H2 F1 Etik 2014 Didapatkan sebanyak 9 68 dari 62 responden mengalami eye strain Rentang usia 27 37 tahun Faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan eye strain yaitu residen radiologi p 0 034 jumlah interpretasi radiologis lebih dari 50 buah dalam sehari p 0 001 dan lama kerja p 0 167 Faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan yang paling bermakna dengan eye strain setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat hanya jumlah interpretasi radiologis lebih dari 50 buah dalam sehari Dari analisis hubungan antara beberapa faktor risiko yang disebutkan di atas dengan eye strain disimpulkan bahwa hanya jumlah interpretasi radiologis dalam sehari yang merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan untuk eye strain Kata kunci dokter radiologi eye strain jumlah interpretasi radiologis.

Eye strain has a big influence in medical services including radiology examination Accuration of radiology interpretation will decrease if radiologist has eye strain To determine risk factors contributing to eye strain among radiologists we examined the influence of the case volume viewing method Picture Archiving and Communication System PACS and hard copy film age refractive abnormalities work habits and workstation design on eye strain Data were collected by work and disesase s history and examination of visual acuity with Snellen eye chart and assessment of the degree of pain in eyes using visual analog scale by researcher who has been trained by ophthalmologist The questionnaire has been informed by researcher before being filled by respondents Vision objective examination was conducted by researcher using the Snellen chart in a distance of 6 meters with optimal lighting in the library room of Radiology Department RSCM The degree of pain around the eyes was assessed using visual analog scale Respondents was asked by researcher about the pain arises around the eyes in a scale of 0 to 10 then the results were plotted on a visual analog scale ruler with the same scale of 0 to 10 The assesments were done before doing the activity and 6 hours after Data was analyzed using SPSS version 11 5 for univariat relative risk and multivariate analysis This study has been approved by Ethical Committe FKUI RSCM no 419 H2 F1 ETIK 2014 The adjusted response rate was 9 68 62 respondents The range of age was 27 37 years old Significant risk factors to eye strain were radiologists p 0 034 had case volume more than 50 pcs in a day p 0 005 and working hours p 0 167 for interpreting radiologic images Significant risk factor to eye strain by using multivariate analysis only case volume more than 50 pcs in a day Eye strain was common among the radiologists in our study population From the analysis of the relationship between some of the risk factors mentioned above with eye strain it was concluded that only the number of case volume in a day was significant risk factor to eey strain Keywords eye strain radiologist case volume."

Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2015

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UI - Tugas Akhir Universitas Indonesia Library

Hayati Darmawi

Hubungan antara kerja gilir dengan obesitas serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada perawat di rumah sakit = Shift work relationship with obesity and the factors that influence it among hospital nurses

"ABSTRAK

Prevalensi obesitas meningkat di seluruh dunia termasuk

Indonesia. Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko dari berbagai penyakit yang dapat

menyebabkan turunnya performa dan produktifitas pekerja. Salah satu faktor yang

dihubungkan sebagai faktor risiko obesitas adalah kerja gilir. Kerja gilir lazim

digunakan oleh pekerja dibidang pelayanan kesehatan seperti perawat. Penelitian

ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh kerja gilir terhadap risiko berat badan berlebih

dan obesitas serta faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhinya pada perawat di rumah

sakit.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain comparative cross sectional

membandingkan IMT 43 perawat kerja gilir dengan 43 perawat bukan kerja gilir.

Dilakukan penilaian terhadap faktor-faktor risiko yang dinilai dapat meningkatkan

risiko berat badan berlebih dan obesitas antara lain jenis kelamin, usia, status

perkawinan, riwayat obesitas dalam keluarga, kebiasaan olahraga, riwayat merokok,

jumlah jam tidur dan asupan kalori.

Hasil: Prevalensi berat badan berlebih dan obesitas pada perawat kerja gilir di

rumah sakit adalah 69.8% dan prevelensi berat badan berlebih dan obesitas pada

perawat bukan kerja gilir di rumah sakit adalah 48.4%, ditemukan hubungan

bermakna antara kerja gilir dengan berat badan berlebih-obesitas dengan OR =

2.418 (1.000 ? 5.851). Faktor risiko yang meningkatkan risiko berat badan berlebih

dan obesitas adalah kerja gilir, jumlah jam tidur kurang dari 7 jam dan asupan kalor

berlebih.

Kesimpulan: Dari semua faktor, asupan kalori berlebih merupakan faktor risiko dominan dengan OR = 4.473 (1.781-11.235).ABSTRACT

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, including in

Indonesia. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases that can cause a decline in the

performance and productivity of workers. One factor that is associated with obesity

is shift work. Shift work is commonly needed for health care workers, including

nurses. This study aimed to assess the association of shift work with overweight

and obese as well as other related factors among hospital nurses.

Method: This study used a comparative cross-sectional design comparing the Body

Mass Index (BMI) of 43 nurses working shifts with 43 nurses who only work

regular hours. An assessment was conducted of the risk factors that are considered

increasing the risk of being overweight and obese among others gender, age, marital

status, family history of obesity, exercise habits, smoking history, number of hours

of sleep and calorie intake.

Results: The prevalence of being overweight and obese in hospital nurses on shift

work was 69.8% and in nurses not on shift work at the hospital was 48.4%. A

significant relationship between shift work with overweight-obesity with OR =

2.418 (1.000-5.851) was found. Risk factors that increase the risk of overweight

and obesity were shift work, number of hours of sleep less than 7 hours and intake

of excessive calories.

Conclusion: Of all the factors, excessive caloric intake is the dominant risk factor with OR = 4.473 (1.781-11.235).;Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, including in