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"Integritas diri lanjut usia didasarkan pada keyakinan bahwa hidup seseerang telah berguna sehingga memungkinkan individu untuk menghadapi kematian tenang dan hidup yang lebih bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi suportif temadap integritas diri pada 1anjut usia di Kota Bogor. Desain penelitian quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel berjumlah 70 orang, masing-masing 35 orang kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian mimunjukkan integntas diri -pada lanjut usia meningkat secara signifikan. Setelah dilakukan terapi suportif (pvalue= 0,0001 < a=0.05). Peningktan integritas diri lansia lebih tinggi dan signifikan pada kelompok yang mendapat terapi suportif dibandingkan kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan terapi suportif (pvalue=0,001 < a::;0.05). Terapi suportif direkomendasikan sebagai terapi keperawatan untuk meningkatkan integritas diri pada lanjut usia di masyarakat. ......The elderly self integrity based on a belief that one's life have meaning to enable such individual to face death peacefully and a more meaningful life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of supportive therapy to self integrity in elderly at Bogor City. The research design was quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group. The sample of this research are the elderly of 70 respondents including 35 respondents in the intervention group and 35 respondents in the control group. The results showed that elderly self integrity significantly after supportive therapy (pvalue=0,0001 < a=0.05). This research showed significant comparation of the elderly self integrity between group with supportive-therapy and neither (pvalue=O,OOl < a=0,05). Suppotive therapy recommended as nursing therapy used to treat elderly."

"Peningkatan penduduk lansia yang signifikan dalam suatu negara dapat berimbas pada peningkatan era penduduk menua. Negara Asia termasuk Indonesia telah memasuki era penduduk menua, dimana jumlah penduduk lanjut usianya lebih dari 7 % sejak tahun 2015. Jumlah penduduk lanjut usia di Kota Bekasi sudah mencapai 332.629 jiwa atau 12.8% dari total jumlah penduduknya. Demensia merupakan suatu kondisi yang masih dianggap normal terjadi pada lanjut usia oleh masyarakat umum. Tema yang dihasilkan di dalam penelitian ini akan disajikan secara terpisah sesuai tujuan khusus untuk memahami bagaimana pengalaman suami / istri dalam menjadi pelaku rawat pasangannya. Total didapatkan 4 tujuan khusus yang terdiri dari 12 tema : (1) Respon psikososial yang muncul selama merawat pasangan, (2) Respon merawat pasangan demensia, (3) Respon positif yang dialami pelaku rawat, (4) usaha perawatan yang dilakukan untuk kesembuhan pasangan, (5) Kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk menghindari Burnout, (6) Sumber daya yang dimiliki oleh pelaku rawat, (7) Beban fisiologis yang dialami pelaku rawat, (8) Beban psikologis yang dialami pelaku rawat, (9) Beban sosial yang dialami pelaku rawat, (10) Beban finansial yang dialami pelaku rawat, (11) Kondisi optimal yang diharapkan dari pasangan, dan (12) Perbaikan kondisi diri dan keluarga. Pengalaman yang dialami pelaku rawat dapat menjadi lebih buruk apabila tidak mendapatkan perhatian dan dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan serta kebijakan yang mendukung.......A significant increase of the elderly population in some state can affect the improving of an aging population. Asian countries including Indonesia have entered an age of aging population, where the number of advanced population is more than 7% since 2015. The number of elderly population in Bekasi has reached 332,629 or 12.8% of the total population. Dementia is a condition that is still considered normal by the most population in Indonesia. The themes founded in this study will be presented separately according to specific objectives to discuss how the spouse’s experiences caring for their partner with dementia. 4 specific objectives obtained consisting of 12 themes: (1) Psychosocial responses that arise during caring for a partner, (2) Response to caring for dementia partners, (3) Positive responses experienced by caregiver, (4) care efforts taken to cure partners, (5) activities to avoid Burnout, (6) The resources belonged to the caregiver, (7) The physiological burden experienced by the caregiver, (8) The psychological burden experienced by the caregiver, (9) The social burden experienced by the caregiver, (10) The financial burden experienced by the caregiver , (11) The optimal conditions expected from spouse with dementia, and (12) Improving the condition of self and family. Experience that caregiver had could becoming worse if they are not get attentions and supports from health provider and supportive policies."

"Skripsi ini tentang gambaran pemberdayaan lanjut usia melalui keikutsertaan pada Pelatihan Vokasional di Sentra Terpadu Pangudi Luhur (STPL) Bekasi yang dibahas berdasarkan disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena aging population serta tantangan kestabilan sosial dan ekonomi di tengah kemunduran kondisi lanjut usia yang sudah dianggap tidak produktif. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan upaya untuk mengembalikan kondisi lanjut usia salah satunya melalui Pelatihan Vokasional agar mereka dapat berdaya kembali mendapatkan penghasilan sesuai dengan kemampuan dan potensi yang dimilikinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran keikutsertaan lanjut usia pada Pelatihan Vokasional dan faktor pendorong serta penghambat yang dihadapinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2022 hingga November 2022 melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dengan 13 informan yang dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling dengan kriteria para informan terdiri dari lanjut usia yang aktif berpartisipasi pada Pelatihan Vokasional, pendamping yang sering berinteraksi dengan lanjut usia, dan Ketua Pokja Pelatihan Vokasional yang mengatur berjalannya kegiatan dalam pelatihan tersebut, serta teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui pengkodean open coding, axial coding, dan selective coding. Data terakhir yang dihasilkan dari selective coding digunakan peneliti untuk disajikan dalam hasil penelitian lapangan dan pembahasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keikutsertaan lanjut usia pada Pelatihan Vokasional di STPL Bekasi terlihat hanya ditujukan untuk mengisi waktu luang dan tidak sampai pada pemberdayaan yang berdasarkan pada keahlian secara profesional. Pendapatan yang dihasilkan lanjut usia belum dapat membantu memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Faktor pendorong lanjut usia kategori young-old (60-74 tahun) dalam mengikuti kegiatan itu diantaranya membuka kegiatan usaha, menjaga kesehatan agar tetap baik, serta menyalurkan pengalaman dan keahlian. Sementara itu, faktor pendorong pada kategori old-old (75+ tahun) hanya didasarkan pada pengisian waktu luang. Kemudian, untuk faktor penghambat internal terdiri dari kondisi kesehatan lanjut usia yang menurun dan perasaan malas. Lalu, faktor penghambat eksternal yang dirasakan oleh lanjut usia antara lain lingkungan yang kurang baik, kurangnya pelatihan dan pendampingan rutin, dan kurangnya strategi promosi hasil produk lanjut usia ke masyarakat luas. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi untuk pengembangan Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial pada mata kuliah Sistem Usaha Kesejahteraan Sosial dan Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia mengenai pelayanan peningkatan kesejahteraan lanjut usia melalui Pelatihan Vokasional.......This research discusses the description of empowering the elderly through participation in Vocational Training at the Sentra Terpadu Pangudi Luhur (STPL) Bekasi which is discussed based on the Social Welfare Science discipline. This research is motivated by the aging population and challenges to social and economic stability amidst the decline in the condition of the elderly who are considered unproductive. Therefore, efforts are needed to restore the condition of the elderly, one of which is through Vocational Training so that they can be empowered to earn income again according to their abilities and potential. The purpose of this study is to describe the picture of the participation of the elderly in Vocational Training and the driving and inhibiting factors they face. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach to the type of research that is descriptive research. Data collection was carried out from July 2022 to November 2022 through in-depth interview techniques with the 13 informants were selected based on purposive sampling with the criteria of informants consisting of elderly who actively participate in Vocational Training, assistants who often interact with the elderly, and the Chair of the Vocational Training Working Group who regulates the activities in the training, as well as data collection techniques through observation. Data analysis was performed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The last data generated from selective coding is used by researcher to present the results of field research and discussion. The results of the study show that the participation of the elderly in Vocational Training at STPL Bekasi appears to be only intended to fill their leisure time and does not lead to empowerment based on professional expertise. The income generated by the elderly cannot help meet their living needs. Factors that encourage the elderly in the young-old (60-74 years) to participate in these activities include starting a business, maintaining good health, and channeling experience and expertise. Meanwhile, the driving factor in the old-old (75+ years) is based solely on filling in leisure time. Then, the internal inhibiting factors consist of declining health conditions of the elderly and feelings of laziness. Then, external inhibiting factors that are felt by the elderly include an unfavorable environment, lack of routine training and assistance, and lack of strategies for promoting elderly products to the wider community. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of Social Welfare Science in the course Social Welfare Business System and Elderly Welfare concerning services to improve the welfare of the elderly through Vocational Training."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan pos pembinaan terpadu lanjut usia di wilayah kerja puskesmas ciomas tahun 2012 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 216 orang. Analisis data menggunakan Uji kai kuadrat.Hasil penelitian didapatkan pemanfaatan pos pembinaan terpadu lanjut usia di wilayah kerja puskesmas ciomas sangat rendah yaitu sebesar 23,6% dengan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan rendahnya pemanfaatan pos pembinaan terpadu lanjut usia adalah pendidikan (P=0,01), pengetahuan (P=0,000), sikap (P=0,018), jarak dan transportasi (P=0,001), dukungan keluarga (P=0,000), peran petugas kesehatan (P=0,000), peran Kader (P=0,000), kebutuhan (P=0,000).Untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan pos pembinaan terpadu lanjut usia maka perlu dibentuk pos pembinaan terpadu lanjut usia di setiap RW, perlunya advokasi ke aparat desa untuk penyediaan sarana prasarana dan pemberian reward kepada kader yang aktif, sosialisasi keberadaan pos pembinaan terpadu lanjut usia kepada kader, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, PKK dan masyarakat, menambah kegiatan senam lansia, pengajian, keterampilan dan lain-lain di pos pembinaan terpadu lansia. ......This study aims to determine what factors affect the utilization of integrated postal development in the region of elderly health centers in 2012 Ciomas using descriptive cross sectional study with a sample of 216 people. Test data analysis using quadratic kai.The results obtained integrated utilization of postal coaching elderly health centers in the region of very low Ciomas by 23.6% to the factors associated with low utilization of integrated coaching post is the education of older (P = 0.01), knowledge (P = 0.000), attitude (P = 0.018), and transport distance (P = 0.001), family support (P = 0.000), the role of health workers (P = 0.000), the role of Kader (P = 0.000), requirement (P = 0.000).To increase the utilization of integrated coaching post the elderly need to be established integrated coaching post at each RW elderly, the need for advocacy to village officials for the provision of infrastructure and provision of rewards to active cadres, socialization of the existence of integrated coaching post to the cadre of older, community leaders, religious leaders, nongovernmental organizations, PKK and the community, add gymnastics events elderly, recitals, and other skills in the elderly integrated coaching post."

"Tinggi badan adalah salah satu indikator klinik utama dalam menentukan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dalam menentukan status gizi individu/populasi. Namun, pengukuran tinggi badan manusia usia lanjut (manula) cukup sulit dilakukan dan reliabilitasnya diragukan. Persamaan estimasi tinggi badan dari pengukuran tinggi lutut untuk memprediksi tinggi badan manula yaitu persamaan Chumlea telah dikembangkan beberapa tahun lalu, tetapi belum ada studi yang dilakukan di Indonesia untuk mengembangkan suatu persamaan bagi pengukuran tinggi badan populasi usia lanjut menurut bermacam-macam kelompok etnis. Oleh karena itu, suatu cross sectional studi untuk mengembangkan persamaan tinggi badan manula berdasarkan pengukuran dua parameter yaitu tinggi lutut dan panjang depa (knee height dan arm span) telah dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2005 lalu. Total 217 manula (usia 60 - 92 tahun) dari 3 kelompok etnik yaitu: Jawa (56,7%), Cina (31,3%), dan lain-lain (12,0%) berpartisipasi dalam studi ini. Pengukuran antropometri termasuk berat badan, tinggi badan, panjang depa, dan tinggi lutut dilakukan oleh ahli gizi terlatih. Kesalahan inter dan intra observer dilakukan untuk pengukuran antropometri tinggi lutut dan panjang depa manula. Temuan utama studi adalah rata-rata usia manula asal Cina adalah tertinggi di antara suku lainnya; kebanyakan manula mengalami gizi kurang (43%); distribusi rata-rata tinggi lutut dan panjang depa hampir sama di tiap kelompok etnis; ada perbedaan signifikan antara tinggi lutut dengan tinggi badan sebenarnya pada wanita lanjut usia (lansia), dan korelasi tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh parameter tinggi lutut pada wanita lansia dan panjang depa pada pria lansia. Persamaan Chumlea menunjukkan kecenderungan under-estimate pada pria lansia dan over-estimate pada tinggi badan wanita lansia. Kesimpulannya, tinggi badan tegak/sebenarnya merupakan teknik ideal untuk estimasi tinggi badan lansia. Tetapi, pada kasus di mana pengukuran itu sendiri tidak memungkinkan atau tidak reliable, maka tinggi badan dapat diestimasi dari indikator proksi tinggi badan. Pada studi ini, panjang depa menggambarkan korelasi tertinggi dengan tinggi badan sebenarnya pada pria lansia , dan tinggi lutut pada wanita lansia.

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The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005. Height is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women.;The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005. Height is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women.;The Equation of Prediction Stature Based on Age and Ethnic in Six Institutionalized Elderly at DKI Jakarta and Tangerang, Year 2005. Height is an important clinical indicator to derive body mass index (BMI) predicting the nutritional status. However, height measurement in the elderly may impose some difficulties and the reliability is doubtful. Equations estimating height from knee height parameter to predict stature in elderly i.e. Chumlea have been developed, but no one study has developed an equation for Indonesian population according to variety of ethnics. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to develop equations using two types of anthropometric measurements (knee height and arm span) for estimating stature in Indonesian elderly. A total of 217 elderly (aged 60 to 92 years old) from three major ethnic groups Javanese (56.7%), Chinese (31.3%), and others (12.0%) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurement included body weight, height, arm span, and knee height were carried out by trained nutritionist. Inter and intra observer errors was calculated for each anthropometric measurement of arm span and knee height of elderly. Main findings of this study were the mean of age of Chinese was the highest among other ethnics; the most elderly suffered from underweight (43%); the distribution of mean knee height and arm span was almost similar in each ethnic group; there was a significant difference between knee height with stature in elderly women, and the highest correlation indicated by knee height in elderly women and arm span in elderly men. Chumlea equation showed tend to be under-estimate in stature of elderly men and over-estimate in stature of elderly women. In conclusion, standing height is an ideal technique for estimating the stature of elderly. However, in cases where its measurement is not possible or reliable, height can be estimated from proxy indicators of stature. In this study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height in elderly men, and knee height in elderly women."

"Penuaan (aging) dikaitkan dengan sejumlah besar perubahan fungsi imunitas tubuh, terutama penurunan Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI) atau imunitas yang diperantarai sel. Kemampuan imunitas kelompok lanjut usia menurun sesuai peningkatan usia termasuk kecepatan respons imun melawan infeksi penyakit. Hal itu berarti bahwa kelompok lansia beresiko tinggi terserang penyakit seperti infeksi, kanker, jantung koroner, kelainan autoimmun atau penyakit kronik lainnya. Seluruh penyakit ini mudah terjadi pada lansia karena produksi imunoglobulin menurun. Akibatnya vaksinasi yang diberikan pada kelompok orang tua seringkali tidak efektif melawan penyakit. Orang-orang tua yang umumnya menderita kekurangan gizi makro dan mikro akan memiliki respons sistem dan fungsi imun yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, kasus malnutrisi pada lansia seharusnya memiliki perhatian khusus secara dini, termasuk pemberian vaksinasi untuk pencegahan penyakit. Penyakit infeksi yang dialami oleh lansia dapat dicegah atau diturunkan melalui upaya-upaya perbaikan gizi karena sistem imun akan meningkat. Jika fungsi imun lansia dapat ditingkatkan, maka kualitas hidup individu meningkat dan biaya pelayanan kesehatan dapat ditekan.

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Low Immunity Response in the Elderly. Aging is related to a number of changes in the immunity function, mainly the reducing of Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI). The immunocompetence of elderly worsen with age including the rate of immune respons against infection. It means that older people have a high risk of getting diseases such as infection, cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune disorder, or other chronic diseases. All of these diseases occured in elderly due to the immunoglobulin production decrease. Thus, vaccination given to elderly often might not be effective against diseases. Older people who commonly suffer from a decrease of macro and micronutrients will have a low function and response of the immune system. Therefore, malnutrition cases in elderly should have early specific attention including consideration in given vaccination for preventing diseases. Infectious diseases mostly suffered by older people can be prevented or reduced through improving nutrition efforts because the immune system will be improved. If the immune function of the elderly can be improved, the individual quality of life increases and the health cost can be suppressed."

"Diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe II merupakan penyakit kronis yang menjadi masalahdi Indonesia. Prevalensi DM tipe n terbesar berada pada kelompok usia lanjut.Hal ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai risiko karena DM tipe n berkaitan denganteIjadinya sarcopenia; kondisi penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot. Hal inimendorong peneliti untuk meneliti tentang hubungan dari DM ripe II pada pasienlanjut usia dengan Kekuatan Genggam Tangan (KGT) yang mewakili kekuatanotot tangan. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Sebanyak 164 pasienusia lanjut poliklinik rawat jalan RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Variabel yang dikumpulkan meljputi penyakit DM tipe II sebagai variabel independen, kekuatan genggam tangan sebagai variabel dependen, serta status nutrisi, usia, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia sebagaivariabel perancu. Kriteria KGT menggunakan kriteria yang ditetapkan oleh AsianWorking Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalahanal isis bivariat uji chi square dan analisis multivariat uji regresi logistik. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 40,9% pasien menderita penyakit DM tipe II sementara pasien dengan kekuatan genggam tangan rendah berdasarkan kriteria sebesar 67,1 % dari total subjek. Pasien dengan DM tipe n yang memiliki kekuatan genggam tangan rendah adalah sebesar 31,7%. Hasil uji analisis bivariat, mendapatkan adanya hubungan yang berrnakna antara penyakit DM tipe n dengan KGT yang lemah (OR, 2,331; 95% CI, 1,154-4,710; p: 0,017). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan KGT adalah DM tipe II (OR, 4,052; 95% CI, 1,776-9,245; p: 0,001), status nutrisi (OR, 2,369; 95% CI, 1,155-4,860; p: 0,019), dan usia (OR, 3,338; 95% CI, 1,547-7,203; p: 0,002)."

"Berkembangnya akses ke fasilitas kesehatan dan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi kesehatan berperan dalam meningkatnya populasi lansia. Para lansia kebanyakan tinggal secara mandiri karena masih dapat melakukan kegiatan sehari hari dengan baik. Namun bertambahnya usia membuat kesehatan melemah dan mudah terganggu sehingga membutuhkan pemantauan berkala dan teratur. Sistem pemantauan kegiatan dengan sensor yang terpasang di badan dapat mendeteksi berbagai kejadian mengganggu kesehatan lansia dan meminta bantuan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan prototipe perangkat wearable, tempat obat otomatis dan aplikasi android yang dapat mendeteksi kejadian jatuh, mengirimkan alert untuk meminta bantuan, dan membantu memberikan pengingat untuk meminum obat. Prototipe dibuat dan diuji dalam skala laboratorium.......The increasing access to health facilities and the rapid development of health technology have contributed to the increase in the elderly population. Most of the elderly live independently because they can still carry out their daily activities properly. But deterioration of health usually happens when someone is getting older so that it requires periodic and regular monitoring. An activity monitoring system with sensors installed on the body can detect various events that interfere with the health of the elderly and ask for help. This research develops wearable device prototypes, automatic medicine containers and android applications that can detect falls, send alerts for help, and help provide reminders to take medicine. Prototypes are made and tested on a laboratory scale."