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"Perkembangan pada era digitalisasi menuntut perusahaan melakukan perubahan yang signifikan dalam proses bisnisnya sebagai langkah dan upaya untuk menghadapi kompetitor dan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan terutama pasar eksternal (eksternal market). Perubahan tersebut tentunya memberi dampak berupa tantangan bagi suatu organisasi terutama SDM yang dimiliki untuk dapat menghadapi dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang sedang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan sebagai mediator hubungan pertukaran pemimpin-anggota dengan kemampuan mengatasi perubahaan di Unit Area PT X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara daring, dengan desain penelitian non-eksperimen yang berjenis desain korelasi dan melakukan analisis mediasi pada variabel penelitian. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 222 partisipan yang berasal dari 7 Unit Area PT X. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan mengatasi perubahan memiliki reliabilitas dengan nilai koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar α = 0.64. Pada alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan, diambil dari dimensi komitmen afektif pada alat ukur komitmen terhadap perubahan organisasi memiliki reliabilitas dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar α = 0.81. Selain itu, pada alat ukur pertukaran pemimpin-anggota ditemukan nilai koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar α= 0.81. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukan bahwa komitment afektif terhadap perubahan dapat berperan sebagai mediator dengan bentuk full mediation antara pertukaran pemimpin-anggota, dengan nilai koefisien tidak langsung sebesar indirect = 0.08, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = [0.03,0.15] terhadap coping with change. Nilai koefisien efek langsung sebesar b = 0.10, t (219) = 1.49, p = 0.14 (p>0.05), 95% CI = [-0.03,0.24]. Selain itu,ditemukan juga hasil efek keseluruhan (total effect) dengan nilai koefisien b = 0.19, t (220)= 2.65, p = 0.01 (p<0.05), 95% CI = [0.05,0.33]. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertukaran pemimpin-anggota dapat memprediksi kemampuan karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan jika karyawan memiliki komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan

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The development in the era of digitalization requires companies to make significant changes in their business processes as steps and efforts to face competitors and adapt to the environment, especially the external market. These changes certainly have an impact in the form of challenges for an organization, especially its human resources, to be able to face and adapt to the changes that are happening. This study aims to determine the role of affective commitment to change as a mediator of the leader-member exchange relationship with the ability to overcome the change in the PT X Area Unit. This research uses quantitative methods through online questionnaires, with a non-experimental research design that is a correlation design type and performs mediation analysis on research variables. The research subjects were 222 participants who came from 7 Unit Area PT X. Measurement tools for coping with change have reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of α = 0.64. The measuring instrument used to measure affective commitment to change is taken from the dimension of affective commitment on the commitment to organizational change measurement, having reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha value of α = 0.81. Also, the leader-member exchange measurement tool found the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of α = 0.81. The results of the mediation analysis show that affective commitment to change can act as a mediator with the form of full mediation between leader-member exchanges, with an indirect coefficient value of indirect = 0.08, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = [0.03,0.15] on coping with change. . The direct effect coefficient value is b = 0.10, t (219) = 1.49, p = 0.14 (p> 0.05), 95% CI = [-0.03,0.24]. In addition, the results of the total effect were also found with a coefficient value of b = 0.19, t (220) = 2.65, p = 0.01 (p <0.05), 95% CI = [0.05,0.33]. The results of this study concluded that the two-way communication process and the quality of the reciprocal relationship between employees and leaders would predict the ability of employees to deal with change if only employees have the commitment and desire to support a change based on the belief in the benefits of changes in the organization"

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh dari kesiapan individu untuk berubah dan taktik pengaruh manajerial yang dimoderasi oleh persepsi bawahan atas kualitas leader member exchange terhadap komitmen pegawai untuk melakukan perubahan di lingkungan Sekretariat Jenderal dan Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (KESDM). Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 212 orang yang merupakan Pegawai Negeri Sipil di kedua unit utama tersebut.Instrumen pengukuran kesiapan individu untuk berubah yang digunakan, merupakan adaptasi dari Hanpachern (1997), instrumen pengukuran persepsi bawahan terhadap leader member exchange diadaptasi dari Soetjipto (2002), taktik pengaruh manajerial dari Furst dan Cable (2008), sedangkan komitmen untuk melakukan perubahan diadaptasi dari Herscovitch dan Meyer (2002). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan Partial Least Squares (PLS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan individu untuk berubah berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap komitmen untuk melakukan perubahan. Untuk taktik pengaruh manajerial, legitimization berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen afektif, consultation berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komitmen normatif dan komitmen kontinyu, serta ingratiation terhadap komitmen afektif. Di sisi lain persepsi bawahan terhadap leader member exchange tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan untuk memoderasi hubungan antara taktik pengaruh manajerial dan komitmen untuk melakukan perubahan.

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This research was conducted to see the effect of an individual readiness for change and managerial influence tactics moderated by the perception of the subordinate on the quality leader member exchange on employee commitment to do the change within the Secretariat General and the Inspectorat General Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Respondents in this research are counted to 212 people who are civil servants on both units.

Individual readiness for change measurement instrument adapted from Hanpachern (1997), member's perception of leader member exchange measurement instrument adapted from Soetjipto (2002), the effect of managerial tactics adapted from Furst and Cable (2008), while the commitment to change adapted from Herscovitch and Meyer (2002). Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis and Partial Least Squares (PLS).

The results show that individual readiness for change has significant effect on commitment to change. For managerial influence tactics, legitimization has significant effect to the affective commitment, while consultation has significant effect to the normative commitment and continuance commitment, then ingratiation has significant effect to the affective commitment. In another side, the perception of the subordinate on the quality leader member exchange has no significant effect for moderating the relationship between managerial influence tactics and commitment to change."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh leader-member exchange (LMX), partisipasi, dan informasi terhadap commitment to change yang dimediasi oleh employee perceptions of justice. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kementerian Sekretariat Negara yang mulai tahun 2005 mengalami proses perubahan organisasi melalui pelaksanaan reformasi birokrasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei kuesioner. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 372 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Model (SEM).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa leader-member exchange (LMX) tidak memiliki pengaruh positif langsung terhadap commitment to change, sedangkan partisipasi dan informasi memiliki pengaruh positif langsung terhadap commitment to change. Selain itu, leadermember exchange (LMX), partisipasi, dan informasi memiliki pengaruh positif langsung terhadap employee perceptions of justice.Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa employee perceptions of justice memediasi secara penuh pengaruh leader-member exchange (LMX) terhadap commitment to change. Di sisi lain, employee perceptions of justice memediasi secara parsial pengaruh partisipasi dan informasi terhadap commitment to change.

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This research aimed to analyze the influence of leader-member exchange (LMX), participation and information toward commitment to change mediated by employee perception of justice. This research was conducted in the Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, the Ministry of State Secretariat had bureaucratic reformation in 2005, resulting in the changes of its organization. The data were collected from questionnaires. The participants of the questionnaires were 372 people. The data were analyzed by using Structural Equation Model (SEM).

The result showed that leader-member exchange (LMX) did not has positive effect directly toward commitment to change, while participation and information have positive effect directly toward commitment to change. Moreover, leader-member exchange (LMX), participation, and information have positive effect directly toward employee perceptions of justice.

This research also proved that employee perceptions of justice fully mediate the effect leader-member exchange (LMX) toward commitment to change. On the other hand, employee perceptions of justice partially mediate the effect participation and information toward commitment to change."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran persepsi hubungan antara atasan dan bawahan dalam leader-member exchange, serta persepsi karyawan terhadap dukungan organisasi atau perceived organizational support, yang merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi turnover intentions karyawan. Peneliti menggunakan organizational commitment sebagai mediator variabel untuk melihat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung dari kedua independen variabel tersebut. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 176 orang karyawan yang terdiri atas dua kelompok responden, yaitu Responden A sebagai atasan dan Responden B sebagai pelaksana/bawahan yang akan dibandingkan hasilnya.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan pada kedua responden penelitian terkait dengan pengaruh perceived organizational support terhadap turnover intentions, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui organizational commitment sebagai mediator. Namun, menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda pada pengaruh leader-member exchange terhadap turnover intentions, baik secara langsung maupun melalui organizational commitment sebagai moderator. Pada Responden A, leader-member exchange tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap turnover intentions, baik secara langsung maupun melalui organizational commitment sebagai moderator. Sedangkan, hasil pada Responden B menunjukkan hasil yang sebaliknya, yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan leader-member exchange terhadap turnover intentions, baik secara langsung maupun melalui organizational commitment sebagai moderator.

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This research was conducted to get a whole picture of the perception toward superiors subordinates'relationship in leader member exchange, as well as employee's perceptions of organizational support in perceived organizational support, which may affect employee turnover intentions. Researcher use organizational commitment as a moderator variable to see the direct and indirect influences from those two independent variables. Survey data were collected from 176 employees, which consists of two groups of respondents, namely Respondent A as superior and Respondent B as the executor subordinate, which will be compared the result with one another.

The result of this study shows significant in both respondents related to the influence of perceived organizational support toward turnover intentions, either directly or indirectly through organizational commitment as a mediator variable. However, it shows different on the influences of leader member exchange toward turnover intentions, either directly or indirectly through organizational commitment as a moderator variable. Respondent A show that leader member exchange has no significant effect on the employee's turnover intentions, either directly or through organizational commitment as a moderator. Meanwhile, the results of Respondent B show the opposite, that there is a significant influence of leader member exchange on employee's turnover intention, either directly or through organizational commitment as moderator."

"Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh kualitas hubungan atasan-bawahan leader-member exchange, LMX dan kinerja karyawan sesuai tuntutan jabatan in-role behavior, IRB terhadap persepsi karyawan terhadap alat ukur penilaian kinerja performance measurement, PM . Hasil statistik regresi menunjukkan hanya variabel LMX yang berpengaruh signifikan t 36 = 5,38; p.

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This research investigated the impact of leader member exchange LMX and in role behavior IRB towards employees perception on performance measurement PM . Statistically, the regression analysis show that LMX is the only variable that has impact significantly t 36 5,38 p."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peningkatan leader member exchange (LMX) terhadap keterlibatan kerja melalui intervensi program kepemimpinan di plant PT X. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain before-after dan terdiri dari studi awal, intervensi, dan studi lanjutan. Partisipan dalam studi intervensi merupakan pimpinan dan dalam studi awal serta lanjutan merupakan bawahan. Peneliti menggunakan alat ukur LMX MDM untuk mengukur leader member exchange dan UWES-9 untuk mengukur keterlibatan kerja. Hasil survei awal menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara leader member exchange dan keterlibatan kerja pada karyawan di plant PT X (β = 0,40; r2 = 0,16; p = 0,02). Peneliti melakukan intervensi program kepemimpinan untuk meningkatkan skor leader member exchange yang harapannya juga dapat meningkatkan skor keterlibatan kerja.Hasil intervensi menunjukkan, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan setelah partisipan mengikuti pelatihan kepemimpinan. Namun, partisipan belum secara konsisten menerapkan tingkah laku yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas hubungan atasan bawahan. Hasil studi lanjut setelah intervensi, menunjukkan tidak terdapat peningkatan skor leader member exchange dan keterlibatan kerja. Dengan demikian, maka diusulkan saran untuk dapat mengoptimalkan hubungan atasan bawahan di plant PT X antara lain, menjadikan one on one conversation sebagai kegiatan rutin, pemberian umpan balik konstruktif sesuai pedoman, membangun hubungan berlandaskan rasa saling percaya, dukung, dan dapat saling mengandalkan serta apresiasi kepada tim yang konsisten menerapkan kegiatan yang dapat mengoptimalkan kualitas hubungan dalam tim.

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This study aims to investigate an increase in the relationship between LMX to work engagement through leadership intervention programs at plant PT X. This study used a before-after design and consisted of three stages, namely initial study, intervention, and further study. Participants in the intervention study were leaders and participants in the initial and follow-up studies were subordinates. Researchers used the LMX to measure the leader member exchange and UWES-9 to measure work engagement. Preliminary survei results showed that there was a significant effect between the leader member exchange and work engagement on employees at plant PT X ( β = 0,40; r2 = 0,16; p = 0,02). The researcher conducted a leadership intervention program to increase the score of leader member exchange which are expected to also increase the score of work engagement.The results of the intervention showed that there was an increase in knowledge after participants took part in the leadership training but participants had not consistently applied behavior that could improve the quality of subordinate supervisors' relationships. The results of further studies showed that there was no increase in LMX and work engagement scores between before and after the implementation of leadership intervention. Thus, suggestions for optimizing LMX in the plant PT X include making one on one conversation a routine activity, providing constructive feedback according to guidelines, building relationships based on mutual trust, support, and mutual dependence and appreciation to teams that consistently implement activities that can optimize the quality of relationships within the team."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leader-member exchange terhadap komitmen afektif dan peran mediasi psychological empowerment dalam hubungan LMX dengan komitmen afektif pada karyawan BUMN dan swasta di Jakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan kuesioner untuk memperoleh data. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 218 karyawan tetap di perusahaan BUMN dan swasta yang berlokasi di Jakarta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modelling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LMX berpengaruh positif baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap komitmen afektif yang dimiliki karyawan di Jakarta. Penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa psychological empowerment memediasi secara parsial antara LMX dengan komitmen afektif.

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on affective commitment and also to examine the mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between LMX and affective commitment on BUMN and private employees in Jakarta area. This study used a questionnaire as data collection tool in order to obtain the desired research data. The questionnaire filled by 218 respondents, with the number comprising permanent employers from various BUMN and private companies located in Jakarta. The research data is analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method which result shows that LMX has a positive effect, both direct and indirect, on affective commitment of employees in BUMN and private organizations in Jakarta. This study also indicates that psychological empowerment acts as a partial mediator between LMX and affective commitment.

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